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2.1
人称代词

1 概念与形式

人称代词不仅指人,也可指物,有人称、数和格的变化。

2 功能

主格在句中作主语、表语等,宾格在句中作动词宾语、介词宾语、同位语等,有时也作表语。

I love climbing.It keeps me fit.我喜欢爬山,它可以使我保持健康。(it作主语)

—Who got away with all the books here?谁把这里的书都拿走了?

—It's I/me.是我。(I/me作表语,在口语中作表语常用宾格。)

We,us three will be able to fulfil the task.我们,就我们三人将会出色完成这项任务。(us作we的同位语)

3 用法详解

1 we, you,they的特殊用法。

在英语中we,you和they都可泛指人们,译为“我们”“你们”“他们”。

We each have our own strengths and weaknesses.我们每个人都有强项和短处。

They say that everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses.人们说每个人都有强项和短处。

2 she,he等的特殊用法。

1 she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。

China will always do what she has promised to do.中国总会按照自己的承诺做任何事情。(代指国家)

Titanic was the greatest of the time but she sank down to the bottom of the Atlan-tic Ocean.泰坦尼克号是当时最好的船,可却沉到了大西洋的海底。(代指船只)

2 男主人常用she/her代指自己的爱车、宠物等;女主人常用he/his代指自己的爱车、宠物等。

—Your car looks smart.When did you buy it?你的车看起来真漂亮。什么时候买的?

—I bought her a week ago.一周前买的。(代指车)

3 在寓言、故事中,温柔、善良的动物(鹿、猫、熊猫、小鸟等)常用she替代,凶猛、粗野的动物(老虎、狮子、狼、熊、狐狸等)常用he替代。

Panda Lily is a new member of the circus.She needs time to get used to the new life.熊猫丽丽是马戏团的新成员。她需要时间适应新的生活。(She代指Panda Lily)

The fierce tiger came at the monkey when the monkey escaped him into the thick trees.凶猛的老虎向猴子扑来,而猴子逃到茂密的树林里去了。(him代指the tiger)

3 运用人称代词需要注意的几点。

1 在英语中如果出现多个人称代词,单数并列为you,he/she(him/her) and I ( me); you and I ( me;)复数并列为we(us),you and they( them。)如果是承担责任,说话者则把第一人称I(me)或we(us)放在第一位。

She and I are good friends.她和我是好朋友。

You, he and I are of the same age.我、他和你是同龄人。

I and Li Ming broke the window.我和李明把窗户打碎了。

2 人称代词用于as和than之后,如果as和than看作介词,此时往往用宾格,如果是连词,则往往用主格。

Roderick speaks Chinese as well as me/I.(此时 as 为介词,口语中常用me。)

Roderick speaks Chinese as well as I do.(此时把as作为连词)

罗德里克的汉语说得和我一样好。

3 人称代词单独使用时,常用宾格而不是主格。

—You are supposed to help Jack.你应该帮助杰克。

—Why me?为什么是我帮助他?

4 it的用法

it作人称代词时,一般情况下可表示人以外的动物或事物,译为“它”,有时也可指代“人”。另外it还替代句中的不定式、动词的-ing形式、从句等作形式主语和形式宾语等。

1 人称代词it的用法。

1 一般指人以外的一切生物或事物,有时也指婴儿、小孩或不知性别的人。

The baby is crying.It might be hungry.婴儿在哭,或许饿了。

Your cell phone is ringing.Who might it be?你的手机响了,可能是谁呢?

2 可以指代上文提到的事情,还可以指代短语或句子。

Yang Liwei was the first Chinese to be sent up into space.It made the Chinese proud.杨利伟是第一个被送上太空的中国人。这使中国人非常自豪。

2 非人称代词it的用法。

非人称代词it用作无人称的主语,不具体指物,而表示天气、季节、时间、距离或事物的状态。非人称代词it无实义。

What time is it now by your watch?你的表现在几点了?(指时间)

Is it going to be windy tomorrow?明天会刮风吗?(指天气)

It's about 15 minutes'walk from here to the bar.从这里到酒吧走路大约15分钟的路程。(指距离)

3 指示代词it的用法。

1 用于“It is/was+表语”结构,指明某人或某物的身份。

—Who is there downstairs?楼下是谁?

—It's the delivery clerk.快递员。

Where is the dog?Is it in the garden?狗呢?在花园里吗?

2 指代this或that。

That's not true,is it?那不是真的,是不是?

This is your plan, isn't it?这就是你的计划,是不是?

3 指代somebody,someone等指代人的不定代词。

Someone is waiting for you.It is very eager to see you.有人在等你,他急于要见到你。

Someone must have been here, but we have no idea who it was.一定有人来过,但我们不知是谁。

4 形式代词it的用法。

形式代词可代替句子中的不定式、从句等,作形式主语、形式宾语等。

1 it作形式主语。

A.替代不定式或动词的-ing形式。

It's very nice of them to help me out.他们帮了我的忙,真是太好了。(it代指后面的of them to help me out,作形式主语,真正的主语是of them to help me out。)

It's great fun climbing mountains on rainy days.雨天爬山真有趣。

高频考点…………………………………………………………………………………………………………It is...doing...句型

在下列结构中it常替代动词的-ing形式。

It is no use doing sth./It is not any use doing sth.做……没用

It is no good doing sth./It is not any good doing sth.做……没好处

B.替代that从句。

It is a fact that the population is still increasing.事实是人口仍在增长。

It is clear that you are making mistakes.很明显你在犯错误。

要点拓展

It is necessary that...有必要……

It is well-known that...众所周知……

It is said that...据说……

It is reported that...据报道……

It seems/appears that...好像……

It happened that...碰巧……

C.其他常用句式。

“It is/has been+时间+since...”此句型表示“从……以来有……”,since后常用一般过去时。

It is/has been quite a few years since the Greens settled in Shanghai.格林夫妇来上海定居已经好几年了。

“It was/will be…before...”;“It was not/will not be…before...”这样的句型表示“……才/就……”。

It was a long time before people began to use written language.很久以前人类才开始运用书面语言。

It will not be long before you regret for what you are doing now.不久你就会为你现在的所作所为感到遗憾的。

2 it作形式宾语。

I made it a rule to keep a diary.写日记成了我的习惯。

I believe it no use reading without understanding.我认为读书不理解没有用处。

要点拓展

常用这种结构的动词还有:

guess 猜

suppose 猜想

think 认为

feel 感觉

find 发现

discover 发现

notice 注意到 U3yixI04KatoG/nHnfvFTnNLyy3Q/P+U/6wIMgksydF8aOAEzXPLcpdYNm+JSN22

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