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首先，对于母语是非英语的学生来说，用英语记笔记是很难的。你很有可能会因为自己能够听到某些内容而过度高兴，于是把你听到的所有信息都记下来，不管它们重不重要。你会想“这样也没什么不好，至少我以后可以再看看我的笔记，至于课上究竟讲了什么内容，到时候再说吧”。这是一种很糟糕的策略，因为记笔记完全变成了一个不用费脑子的过程，根本没有去思考上课的内容。记笔记本应该是帮助你跟上上课的进度，而且还可以帮你在以后回忆或者思考上课的内容。如果你的笔记没有起到这种作用，那么你最好全神贯注地理解上课的内容吧。
如果勤加练习，记笔记会变得越来越容易。本小节提供了一些例子，告诉你如何才能更加有效地记录自己的笔记。首先，我们先展示几个例子，之后会介绍几种方法，你可以参考这些方法来整理自己的笔记。
线性笔记
这种笔记指的是把课上的重点按照从前到后的顺序记录下来的方式。这也许是大多数学生在大多数情况下会采取的方式。
看看下面这份笔记，这是在一堂课刚开始时记录下来的，上课内容是从经济角度看专业运动。是什么让这份笔记更加容易看懂呢？把你自己的观察结果记录下来，参考答案见第 301 页。
Professionalism in sport: are footballers worth $X million per week?
Last 20 years sport: pastime big business – entertainment $
– ticket sales （ less important now? ）
e.g. Turkish football grounds – ads … one side of ground only （ cameras from other side ）
Free entry to Wednesday games （ Italy ）
– TV rights / Satellite TV subs
pay-per-view boxing
e.g. highlights on news? <25 seconds – goal / try only （ who has TV rights? ）
– corporate hospitality （ @sports stadium ）
– bar sales （ in pubs ）
beer / cigarette / junk food advertising $ v. important 4 sport
– advertising – at stadiums / on players / ad. breaks on TV / team – stad. naming rights e.g. v. warriors ~ t. clear dome
– shirt / scarf / accessory sales （ China – Crystal Palace shirts – 2 Chinese players ）
RESULT: Players $$$$$ （ celeb. culture ） fuel all sales. Commodity?
– transfer fees
– wages
– TV ad contracts – sports shoes / razors / after shave etc.
– bad （ ! ） autobiographies
– etc.
（ sports media – slaves to business? lack of critical comment on sport? ）
The man the brand. How much does he earn?
per game?
per goal?
per shirt?
per ad?
per razor sale?
图表型笔记
与线性笔记相比，图表型笔记通常复习起来更容易，所以视觉型学习者会觉得图表里的信息更加容易记忆，有利于考试，同时在写作业的时候也很容易查阅。这里举了三个例子，你可以根据不同的上课内容来选择一种合适的笔记组织方式。
例1：简单分类表格。
例2：思维导图。
例 3：康奈尔笔记系统。
下面这篇文本节选自一个有关如何记笔记的研讨会。首先，把每个部分的开始句标出来。第一部分已经作为例子用下划线标出来了。答案见第 302 页的参考答案。你可以对要点做一下笔记，试着用上面所讲的某种组织方式，多多采纳研讨会中提出的建议。
OK. Thank you all for coming. Today our seminar is about good note-taking practice. At the beginning of last year, I did a small study of the note-taking habits of successful students, looking at the techniques they use when taking notes in lectures, and then I asked them for their advice to students who wanted to improve their note-taking. I will present some of the fi ndings of this study and then at the end of this presentation, there will be an opportunity for you to talk about the note-taking strategies that you found the most effective. First of all, let’s look at what you should make notes on – I mean the paper – not the topics! Now lots of students use notebooks for their lecture notes. This is fi ne, but some students fi nd it easier to use a loose-leaf notebook – that means one that you can take the pages out of – rather than one with fi xed pages. This means that you can take the pages out and put them into a folder with your course notes. Then you can collect notes and course readings for each course in one place, in a separate notebook or section of a notebook – write name + date of lecture. Sometimes lecturers give out a handout with the main points from the lectures. You could fi nd it useful to make notes on the handout, in the margins – this will help you organize the notes you make. Also, some lecturers put their own notes on the course website after a lecture. You can print these out and put them in your folder next to your notes. The appearance of your notes is really important too because you will need to refer to them later. If you fi nd yourself making doodles or writing notes to your partner on your lecture notes, remember that not only is this manual activity stopping you from concentrating but it will be annoying and confusing when you look back at your notes – i.e. when you are using them to revise for an exam. It is worth losing a bit of speed in order to write legibly – this saves time in the long run. If you fi nd you don’t have time to write neatly, then you are probably writing too much. Note only key words, not every word – and think critically about what you write down. If it is not going to be useful later – don’t write! The other thing you can do if you can’t keep up is to leave gaps [ ] when the speaker is moving too fast. You can always check with a friend later if you see a gap in your notes. In fact, it’s a really good idea to review your notes as soon as possible. You could do this with another student. Read through and improve the organization as necessary. Looking at the layout of your notes, some students make the mistake of writing all their notes in the top quarter of the page. Leave space between points. Indent. Spread it out. Mark ideas which the lecturer emphasises, with an arrow or some special symbol. Put a box around assignments and suggested books so you can identify them quickly. In terms of developing your listening skills, pay attention to signals for the end of an idea and the beginning of another. If you hear these, they will help you follow the fl ow of a lecture and lay out your notes logically. Transitions such as ‘therefore’, ‘fi nally’, and ‘furthermore’ usually signal an important idea. Also, pay attention to the lecturer’s voice. The voice will often go down in pitch at the end of a section and then up at the start of a new section. As a fi nal point, often the most interesting and useful things you can gain from lectures are the examples, sketches and illustrations that the lecturer presents. Lecturers often talk about their research in relation to points they make, or tell stories from their experience. You can get the theory from a textbook, but often
this experience is unpublished and cannot be got from books. They are often the most interesting parts of lectures and you can use them in your assignments and exams – so although stories may seem off the point, they may be worth noting down.
OK. Now, I’d like you to look back over your notes and …
下面列举出了一些常用的笔记符号和缩略语，你可以在记笔记的时候使用。
下面为你提供了四种方法。
笔记一定要记好，这样当你以后再回过头来看笔记时，就能够知道当时这堂课究竟讲了什么内容。但这并不是说要记得多么完美，不要把时间都浪费在美化你的笔记上，因为只有你自己会用到它们。