Abstract

Theoretically, poverty is divided into absolute poverty and relative poverty. Improving the current living and development situation of the absolute poor and giving them the opportunity to enjoy high-quality public goods and services are conducive to improving the overall welfare of the whole society.Starting from these two issues as government failure and market failure, this report tries to explore the effect and mechanism of reform measures including the cooperation system between government and private enterprises（e.g.PPP model）on poverty alleviation.

Practically, this report systematically reviews among others, the process of eliminating widespread poverty through"system reform"during 1978～1985，the transformation from relief-based poverty alleviation to development-based poverty alleviation during 1986～2000，the transition from"county-based development assistance"to"integrated poverty alleviation carried forward in the whole village"during 2001～2010 and the current"area poverty eradication as well as targeted poverty alleviation"since 2011.The study found a huge difference between the connotation of poverty alleviation work in the new era and the"homogeneity hypothesis"based traditional poverty alleviation method.Due to the complexity and diversity of poverty causes, the poverty alleviation work at this stage requires that every poverty alleviation resource should be accurately allocated, and every poverty alleviation resource should produce corresponding effect on poverty alleviation so as to maximize its use efficiency.

This report insists that whether the government functional transformation can be effectively combined with the improvement mechanism of the targeted poverty alleviation performance is one of the keys to promote the efficient and orderly progress of current poverty alleviation work. Introduction of forces of all sides in poverty alleviation and an active exploration of effective cooperation modes between them are deemed as a key importance to develop social potential.Besides, it is the general trend of current poverty alleviation development to actively guide and utilize social resources to participate in poverty alleviation development.The core elements of PPP and the connotation of poverty alleviation work are especially consistent, which can well realize a triple win among government, enterprises and the poor population.

This report makes an in-depth, careful analysis and discussion on some core issues of PPP supporting for poverty alleviation. Solving the issues of current poverty alleviation PPP projects as low attraction and high risks entails perfect system construction that allows the government to better play its role, and coordinates the resources of government, market and the society, establishment and improvement of the interest constraint mechanism among all parties involved in the project, and reinforcement of the targeted as well as the industrial poverty alleviation；as for the mismatch between performance appraisal mechanism and the characteristics of poor areas and the issue of finance"not implemented in countryside"，it is necessary to strengthen the performance research on the whole life cycle of PPP poverty alleviation project, actualization of target orientation, scientific formulation of differentiated financial policies, and setting performance indicators that accord with the characteristics of poor areas.

With the changes in the occurrence pattern of poverty and the goals of poverty alleviation in our country, this report believes that in terms of poverty alleviation work at this stage, we should evaluate poverty from a multi-dimensional perspective, get a clear understanding of the poverty status of poor groups, carefully analyze the causes of poverty, find specific ways to solve problems and administrate discriminately to enhance the use efficiency of poverty alleviation funds. The completion of pinpointing poverty causes will ultimately rely on the planning and design of PPP projects in poverty-stricken areas.In combination of the targeted poverty alleviation strategy of“Five Batches”（that is, a batch of poverty eradication through production, a batch of poverty eradication through relocation, a batch of poverty eradication through eco-compensation, a batch of poverty through education development and a batch of poverty through social security.）and by an analysis of the five aspects of the current representative PPP projects in 14 contiguous destitute areas as production improvement, relocation, eco-compensation, education development and social security coverage, this report tries to make PPP model more involved in future poverty eradication and reduction, serve national strategy and further play its role in reform and promoting the modernization of national governance system and capability.