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基本句是“主语+动词+其他”，不过不及物动词结构是个例外。不及物动词是可单独作谓语的动词，后面加不加状语取决于是否需要。
辨别及物动词和不及物动词的意义主要与被动结构的使用有关。及物动词未必能用于被动结构，但不及物动词肯定不能用于被动结构。下面是中国学生常犯的语法错误：
1. A. The train has been arrived. （×）
B. The train has arrived.
2. A. They are lived in the countryside. （×）
B. They live in the countryside.
作后置定语的过去分词来自及物动词，表被动。不及物动词的过去分词不能表被动，所以多数情况下不能作后置定语。
3. A. People lived in that area were mostly foreigners. （×）
B. People who lived/living in that area were mostly foreigners.
4. A. Many people died in the accident happened last night. （×）
B. Many people died in the accident that happened last night.
注：
在一定的条件下，来自不及物动词的过去分词可以作后置定语。见4-41A例3～6。
跟不跟状语有时取决于是否需要，有时取决于动词和句子的意思，例如例1~6去掉斜体部分意思就不完整。
1. They have worked for an hour .
2. He comes here once or twice a week .
3. Stuff today and starve tomorrow .今天大吃大喝，明天忍饥挨饿。
4. The best fish swim near the bottom .好鱼居水底。
5. He swam across the river .
6. She started as a secretary ，but ended up running the department .她起初是个秘书，但最后掌管了整个部门。
同样的动词用于进行时，例7～9没有状语意思也是完整的。
7. They are working.
8. He is coming.
9. He was swimming.
有的动词用于一般现在时需要状语，但用于一般过去时和现在完成时可以没有状语。
10. He arrives. （×）
11. He （has） arrived.
不及物动词（尤其是come，go，fall）在与about，along，around，away，back，by，down/up，in/out，off/on，over，through 等搭配时，仍然是不及物动词，在意思上等于一个单词。
1. He was breaking up under the strain. （=collapsing）他劳累过度，身体逐渐衰弱。
2. Negotiations between the two sides have broken down . （=failed）双方谈判已经破裂。
3. How did the accident come about ? （=happen）事故是怎样发生的？
4. The enemy fell back as we advanced. （=withdrew）我们前进，敌人后退。
5. Their marriage will fall apart soon. （=break）他们的婚姻会很快破裂。
6. Business is bad，but we can get by . （=manage）生意不好，但我们还能对付。
7. Time goes by quickly. （=passes）岁月如梭。
8. The rumor is going around . （=spreading）到处都在传播这个谣言。
9. What is going on there? （=happening）那里有什么事？
10. The smell hasn’t gone away . （=disappeared）味道还没消失。
11. His grandfather passed away last night. （=died）他爷爷昨晚去世了。
12. He woke up at midnight. （=awoke）他半夜醒了。
from/of/with在下列搭配中的意思是because of，as a result of，属于原因状语。这样的搭配是一个整体，不能拆开，也不能用because of 等替代from/of/with。
与from搭配的动词：arise，die，result，stem，suffer等。
与of 搭配的动词：die。
与with搭配的动词：beam，blush，kindle，light up，squirm等；一些表示“震动、颤抖”意义的动词：quake，quiver，shake，shiver，shudder，tremble。
1. Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause. 情绪和精神上的问题可能是身体原因引起的。
2. The winner beamed with satisfaction. 获胜者满意地笑了。
3. The boy blushed with shame/embarrassment. 那男孩因羞愧（难堪）而脸红。
4. He died of pneumonia. 他死于肺炎。
5. Her eyes kindled with excitement. 她兴奋得双目炯炯发光。
6. Her eyes lit up with joy. 她因喜悦而目光炯炯。
7. She quaked with fear/cold. 她因恐惧（寒冷）而颤抖。
8. He quivered with indignation/anger. 他愤怒得（气得）发抖。
9. This problem resulted from the lack of communication. 这个问题是因缺乏交流而引起的。
10. He shook with laughter/fear/rage. 他笑得（吓得、气得）打战。
11. She shuddered with horror at the sight of blood. 她看到血吓得发抖。
12. She shivered all over with cold. 她冷得浑身发抖。
13. Their discontent stemmed from low pay and poor working conditions. 他们的不满情绪是因工资低和工作条件差而产生的。
14. She’s suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。
15. He trembled with fear/cold/anger. 他吓得（冻得、气得）发抖。
下面的斜体部分也是一类不及物动词，这样的搭配是不可分割的整体。
16. The meeting has come to an end . （=The meeting has ended.）
17. Production at the factory is coming to a stop . （=Production at the factory is stopping.）
18. Work came to a halt when the machine broke down. 机器出了毛病，工作便停顿下来。
19. Traffic in the city came to a complete standstill .城里的交通完全陷入瘫痪。（=stopped completely.）
单纯的不及物动词很少。多数情况下，动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词，根据需要转换角色。试比较：
另外，不及物动词结构与系动词结构转换见2-14B例1~3。