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这些句子、句式结构都值得大家朗读十几遍，Ernie建议大家每天朗读操练20个句子，提取一些核心的结构，进行嵌入式运用，很快你将发现，你的书面表达“个性化”起来，感情色彩“丰富”起来，事物描述“贴切”起来。
长难句分析能力是雅思阅读中最基础、最为核心的一项能力要求，检验着考生的语法综合理解与思考能力，能否科学、有逻辑性地分析一个句子，制约着考生能否准确、清晰地理解一个句子，进而理解一个段落。
1．Despite protests from some waste-disposal companies, health officials have ordered that the levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches be measured and the results published.
【译文】
尽管有一些垃圾处理公司的反对，负责健康方面的官员们还是要求对受公众欢迎的海滩的海水所含细菌的数量进行检测，并且要求把这些结果公之于众。
【长难句分析】
根据长难句分析“逐层剥离”的方法，我们首先寻找该句的大主句结构，可以看到该句的大主句结构为“health officials have ordered that...”。这是一主谓宾结构。
大主句结构主语中心语为health officials，谓语动词结构为have ordered，宾语为“that”引导的宾语从句。
在“that”引导的宾语从句中，宾语从句的主语为the levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches，中心语为the levels。谓语动词部分为be measured and...(be) published，其中由于是并列结构，第二个be被省略。需要注意的是宾语从句里的be measured的用法，之所以使用原形，是因为主句的谓语动词为order，表命令，一般来说，表命令、建议、请求、推荐等动词后面的宾语从句中，要使用虚拟语气，即“（should）do”结构，而should经常可以省略，故而可以看到为原形“be measured”。
大主句前面的“Despite protests from some waste-disposal companies”结构为介词短语作让步状语。注意，只是让步状语，而非让步状语从句。这也是“despite”的一般用法，即只可以引导一个名词结构。作让步状语，等同于“in spite of...”，所以其结构为despite＋名词protests＋修饰from。如若想使用“Despite”引导一个让步状语从句，只能变为“Despite the fact that...”，此时该结构的功能便类似于“although”，可以后接一个句子。
2．This is important as research shows that activities are the key driver of visitor satisfaction, contributing 74% to visitor satisfaction, while transport and accommodation account for the remaining 26%. （摘自《剑13》）
【译文】
这一点至关重要，因为研究表明系列活动是游客满意度的关键因素，占到了游客满意度的74%，而交通及住宿只占到了（游客满意度）其余的26%。
【长难句分析】
大主句结构是主系表结构This is important。as引导原因状语从句。
as引导的原因状语从句大主句结构为“research shows that...”，主谓宾结构，宾语部分为that引导的宾语从句。
that引导的宾语从句部分为并列句结构，由while连接，表示转折，while之前的并列分句为“activities are the key driver of...”，主系表结构，while之后的并列分句为“transport and accommodation account for...”，为主谓宾结构。
3．Not only was a monopoly of cinnamon becoming impossible, but the spice trade overall was diminishing in economic potential, and was eventually superseded by the rise of trade in coffee, tea, chocolate, and sugar. （摘自《剑13》）
【译文】
不但肉桂的垄断变得不可能，而且香料贸易的经济潜力也在减小，并最终被咖啡、茶、巧克力及糖等产品贸易的上升所取代。
【长难句分析】
Not only...but...引导的并列句有前后两个并列分句。
Not only引导的第一个并列分句采用倒装结构，为主系表结构，主语为“a monopoly of cinnamon”，系动词结构为“was becoming”（变化系动词，直接加形容词作表语），表语为impossible。
but引导的第二个并列分句内部又包括一个and连接的并列结构：and之前的结构为主谓结构（主语+不及物动词the spice trade was diminishing...），and之后的结构为被动结构。
4．The Coach brand had been a symbol of opulence and luxury for nearly 70 years,and the most obvious reaction to the downturn would have been to lower prices. （摘自《剑13》）
【译文】
蔻驰品牌一直作为富裕和奢华的象征持续了将近70年，其应对经济下行最明显的反应本该是降低价格。
【长难句分析】
and引导的并列句，and前后为两个地位相等的并列分句，该句中，后面的并列分句有一定的递进作用。
and前的并列分句为主系表结构，The coach brand had been a symbol...
and后的并列分句同样为主系表结构，The most obvious reaction to the downturn would have been to
lower prices.“would have been”意为“本该是”，是对过去的一种虚拟。
5．Not only did EMI (Experiments in Musical Intelligence) create compositions in Copes style, but also that of the most revered classical composers, including Bach, Chopin and Mozart. （摘自《剑13》）
【译文】
EMI（音乐智能实验，计算机程序）不但创作出了柯普风格的作品，而且还创作了其他备受尊崇的作曲家的作品，包括巴赫、肖邦和莫扎特。
【长难句分析】
大主句结构为主谓宾结构：EMI create compositions in...。
Not only...but also...引导了宾语的并列结构；but also之后同为create的宾语，that指代compositions。
Not only...位于句首，主句部分使用了倒装结构。
6．While some students are able to supplement their funds with money from part time or vacation work, such work is not always regular even when available,and this can contribute to anxiety and study problems.
【译文】
尽管一些学生能用兼职或者假期打工挣的钱来资助自己上学，但是这样的工作即使能找到，也不能保证定期都有，因此这种情况就可能会给学生带来焦虑和学习上的问题。
【长难句分析】
逐层剥离，首先寻找它的大主句结构，先将While所引导的从句部分忽略，主句是由两个并列句组成，中间由and连接。即“such work is not always regular even when available”和“this can contribute to anxiety and study problems”。
并列句的第一个分句“such work is not always regular even when available”中，主句为主系表结构，后面when引导一个省略主谓语的时间状语从句，补充后为“even when it is available”。注意在雅思阅读中，这样的用法很常见。
并列句第二个分句“this can contribute to anxiety and study problems”中，this此处代指前面分句所说的情况；为主谓宾结构，谓语动词“contribute to”原意为“贡献于”，此处意为“导致”。
While此处引导让步状语从句，译为“尽管”。从句的主语为“some students”，结构为主系表。
7．In more recent times there has been the introduction of the “9.11” emergency system, which allows the public easier and faster contact with police, and the use of police computer systems, which assist police in planning patrols and assigning emergency requests to the police officers nearest to the scene of the emergency.
【译文】
最近以来，人们引进了911报警系统和警察电脑系统。911报警系统能够让公众更容易、更快捷地与警察联系；而警察电脑系统则有助于安排警察巡逻，有利于派遣离现场最近的警官去处理突发情况。
【长难句分析】
逐层剥离，可见大主句结构为“There be”句式。在这一句话中，In more recent times是时间状语；后衔接两个非限制性定语从句，由“which”引导。
在第一个定语从句中，which作主语，指代“9.11”emergency system，谓语动词为allows，意为“为……提供条件，使……能够获取”，全句骨干为“which allows the public contact with police”，为主谓双宾结构。
第二个非限制性定语从句，补充说明police computer systems，骨干结构为“which assist police in doing...and doing...”。
8．Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing.
【译文】
废纸已经占包装用纸的70%；纸张去墨技术的进步已使得新闻出版和书写用纸的循环利用的含量更高。
9．Art galleries, pubs, and restaurants abound in the cosy streets that tend to be quite narrow, whereas the suburbs surrounding the city's colleges and universities consist mainly of family homes and multiunit blocks—an ideal situation for students looking for a homestay, or to rent.
【译文】
在那些狭窄而又温馨的大街上到处都是美术馆、酒吧和饭馆，而在该城大学林立的近郊则主要是家庭住宅和多单元公寓街区，这对于那些想与当地居民家庭合住或想住出租房的学生来说是非常不错的。
10．Pubs are the venue for smaller modern bands, while the big-name popular music artists, both local and international, attract capacity audiences at the huge Entertainment Centre in the heart of the city.
【译文】
酒馆是时尚小乐队聚会的地点，而那些本地和国际知名的音乐艺术家们在位于市中心的娱乐中心的演出则吸引了大量的观众。
11．There is more to college life than just your studies; for many, this will be their first foray beyond the borders of the family home and for everyone, college life will be new and the desire to experiment and make the most of it will be unanimous.
【译文】
大学生活不仅仅是学习：对很多人来说，这将是他们离开家庭怀抱后的首次尝试，而对每一个人而言，大学生活会是全新的，想去尝试的愿望以及要充分利用大学生活的想法是人人都有的。
12．Only Germany, with incentives to business to encourage the employment of older people, and France, with the introduction of legislation making it illegal to use age barriers in recruitment—or to make employees redundant because of their age—have done anything substantive to combat age discrimination.
【译文】
只有德国和法国做了一些实际工作来与年龄歧视做斗争。德国采取优惠政策激励企业雇用年龄较大的员工，而法国则是通过立法，将招聘时设立年龄障碍或因年龄解雇员工视为违法行为。
13．In the late 1970s many European countries were extremely concerned about the levels of youth unemployment, and France, Germany and Belgium even initiated incentive schemes for business to encourage older employees to take early retirement provided that younger trainees were taken on in their place.
【译文】
在20世纪70年代后期，许多欧洲国家都很关注青年失业人数的多寡。法国、德国和比利时甚至推出优惠计划：在受过培训的年轻人能够胜任其职的情况下，鼓励企业让年龄较大的员工早退休。
14．Femininity, or female gender-role stereotypes are commonly associated with the emotional, nurturing qualities usually ascribed to a woman, while masculinity,or a male gender-role stereotype is seen in the context of risk-taking, assertiveness and independence—usually attributed to men.
【译文】
女性气质或女性角色模式通常是与情绪、养育等这些通常赋予女人的品质联系在一起；而男性气质或男性角色模式则被看成与冒险、刚毅和独立等这些通常属于男人的素质相关。
15．A more complete explanation of‘what went wrong'necessarily must consider the essence of what an organization actually is and that one of the financial inputs, the most important and often the most expensive, is people.
【译文】
对于“毛病出在哪儿”更为全面的解释有必要考虑实际上一个组织的本质是什么，而且，还需考虑到作为投资的一部分是人——一项最重要的、通常也是最昂贵的投入。
16．Selecting the right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential of desirable range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who is most likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and predisposition to acquire them.
【译文】
为一项工作选择恰当的人涉及的不仅仅是确认那些关键的或期望的工作技能、工作所必需的教育程度和专业资格，并雇用最有可能具有这些技能或至少被认为是有能力和禀赋来获得这些技能的应聘者。
