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本节要点
一、原则解读
二、真题实操1：2010年英语二Text 2
三、真题实操2：2008年Text 1
四、重要说明
阅读的第一个原则叫为中心思想服务原则。那为什么要为中心思想服务呢？因为每篇考研阅读有5道题，5道题自然有5个题干和5个答案（选项）。所以：
1 5个题干 + 5个答案 ≈文中核心5句话的同义替换。
2 5个答案一般都围绕文章中心，为中心思想服务。
为什么要这样做呢？首先，如果不了解文章中心思想，你很可能至少做错40%以上的题。其次，还有一个原因就是提高临场答对题的概率。比如说某篇阅读，考场上你做出了第1题、第2题、第4题、第5题，但第3题实在纠结，又马上要交卷了，怎么办？很简单，通过其他4道题的4个答案，看一下文章中心思想是什么？第3题就选那个更加贴近文章中心思想的选项就好。因为通常这种情况下，你多半已经排除掉了两个干扰项，只是在另外两个选项中纠结。比方说你已经排除了A、C，那就从剩下的B、D中选更贴近文章中心思想的那个，它常常就是正确选项。这就是用为中心思想服务原则解题的好处！
那如何运用这一原则呢？在实际做题的时候，一定不要直接去通读文章，而要先看题干和选项来大致推测文章中心思想。如果推测不出来，那就继续去看各段的首尾句。总之，一定要先题后文。下面我们就结合两篇阅读真题来看看实际的操作。建议大家带着对原则1的初步理解，先尝试自己做题，之后再看波妈的讲解，这样对原则的理解才会更深哦~
先去看下面的题哦~
1 I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them.Throughout the evening, one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.Toward the end of the evening, I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them.This man quickly nodded in agreement.He gestured toward his wife and said, “She's the talker in our family.” The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It's true,” he explained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say.If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence.”
2 This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.
3 The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s.Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent, that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year—a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.
4 In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements.Instead, they focused on communication: “He doesn't listen to me.” “He doesn't talk to me.” I found, as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be, first and foremost, conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.
5 In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.
拿起笔没？遇到重复的词不妨圈画一下哦~
26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?
[A] Talking to them.
[B] Trusting them.
[C] Supporting their careers.
[D] Sharing housework.
27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc”（Para.2）most probably means ______.
[A] generating motivation
[B] exerting influence
[C] causing damage
[D] creating pressure
28. All of the following are true EXCEPT ______.
[A] men tend to talk more in public than women
[B] nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation
[C] women attach much importance to communication between couples
[D] a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse
29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?
[A] The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.
[B] Marriage breakup stems from sex inequalities.
[C] Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.
[D] Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.
30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______.
[A] a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk
[B] a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon
[C] other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.
[D] a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker
小说明： 波妈在这里会分两个环节来带着大家解题。在第一个环节，直接带着大家用为中心思想服务原则解题，不会深入原文的内部。在接下来的第二环节，则会用常规的解题步骤去讲刚讲过的某道题。这样既能对第一个环节所用的解题方法的有效性和准确性做一个验证，也让大家在会用“技巧”解题之余，彻底搞清这道题每个选项可选或不可选的“所以然”，真正体会到波妈“技巧”之“巧妙”与“稳准”。
做阅读的时候不要去直接通读文章，一定要通过先看题干和选项来大致推测文章中心思想。 如果推测不出来，那就继续去看各段的首尾句。总之，一定要先题后文。
分析： 只能从题干推断文章内容与妻子和丈夫的相处有关，继续看下一题。
同学： 老师，这道题我不用看就知道选哪个。
波妈： 哦，你的理由呢？
同学： 我特别讨厌做家务，讨厌刷碗，讨厌做饭，希望让老公做家务，所以本宝宝选D，欧耶！
波妈：请不要用你的观点代表作者的观点！
看题干和选项也有技巧，波妈建议每篇重点看第1、3、5题。因为一般来说，考研阅读都是按段落顺序出题，一道题对应一个段落。第1题开门见山，第5题可能是回顾全文中心，第3题则是多半对应文章中间段落，是其核心地带内容的体现。当然，如果你时间充足，5道题的题干和选项都看也可以。
分析： 这道题是典型的三对一错，那其中三个选项所共有的信息多半就是文章中心思想所在！即便我们现在不知道哪三个选项是对的，但从其中的talk、conversation、communication、talkative也至少能看出这篇文章多半是围绕“ 交流 ”展开。
28题是第3题，是文章核心地带的段落出的题，往往反映了全文的中心思想，通过上面的分析能初步判断文章主要在说交流。如果你马上要交卷的话，翻到前面的26题，你会选什么？当然可以先选A.Talking to them.波妈不能说100%确定，但如果你马上要交卷的话，可以优先选A，因为四个选项只有A项在说talk，在说交流，而正确选项必定要符合文章中心思想。（事实上，26题的答案也是A。）
分析： 看完选项，答案其实也出来了，选D。因为刚才通过28题的分析，我们已经知道文章的中心思想大致是与“ 交流 ”有关，而本题明显在问文章的中心，只有D项符合，所以只能选D项。
分析： 虽然我们已经知道文章中心思想大致是与“ 交流 ”有关，但关于交流的具体内容还不是很清楚，所以这道题还需要做进一步的确认。
至此，你已经做出了2道题！已经拿到了4分！如果马上交卷的话，剩下3道题你怎么选才能拿到6分？我们每篇文章5道题，ABCD这四个字母一般都会出现，也就是说会出现3~4个字母，某个字母可能会出现两次，一般不可能全都是一个字母——出于考试公平原则嘛。那现在前面已经选了一个A（26题），一个D（29题）。剩下3道题你如果都选C，那刚巧又可以蒙对2分（27题选C），这样文章还没看就已经考了6分；如果都选B，那蒙对的更多（28题、30题都选B）。但你还不能给自己刷666，波妈只是想通过这样一篇非常典型的阅读真题，让你充分体会“为中心思想服务原则”的妙处，但并不是说所有阅读只用这个方法就可以解题。
有的同学可能会说，老师你都没仔细讲题，就这么通过推断文章中心思想就敢做题，我觉得好可怕！没什么可怕的，咱们同样是不读全文，还可以通过各段首尾句来快速推断文章中心思想。一起来看各段的首尾句，分析一下这篇文章的中心究竟是不是“ 交流 ”。
如果首尾句都能看懂，那最好不过；如果实在看不懂，也没关系，看其他你能看得懂的句子就好。波妈在讲解的时候会结合具体题目，利用删除线标识对于大多数同学来说难度较大的词，或者通过变色或使用粗体字来标识大多数同学都能看得懂的单词，译文也会相应处理。
分析： 通过跳读各段首尾句，我们发现全文果然是在讲“ 交流 ”，第一步中我们解题的依据没有问题。所以大家马上要交卷时，可以像前面讲的那样选，但 只要有时间，就一定要去看一下各段的首尾句，进一步明确文章的中心思想 。
如果你觉得前面用“ 为中心思想服务 ”这个原则这么解题还是不踏实，那一起来做一道题，看看我们读不懂，读不完，读懂了还是做错，到底该怎么办。来看27题，通过做这道题，让你再次感受阅读的三大痛点该如何解决。
27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc”（Para.2）most probably means ______.
[A] generating motivation
[B] exerting influence
[C] causing damage
[D] creating pressure
定位并分析
这道题就是在问wreaking havoc在context（上下文）中的含义，是一道典型的释义题。利用“wreaking havoc”和Para.2，很容易定位到第二段。
第二段：This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage .
第三段：The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s.Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent, that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year—a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.
分析： 我们发现含有wreaking havoc的这句话就位于第二段的句尾，而这段一共只有两个句子，所以答案可能来自第二段和第三段。那你认为这个定位的句子需不需要认认真真的看？我来告诉你，这句是不用认真看的。 因为题干说了，叫“通过上下文”，既然说的是上下文，你就不能去死磕定位句。 如果你死磕定位句，选出来常常是错误选项。
看上文
分析： 老公跟老婆不聊天，婚姻真的会非常的可怕，会很寂寞，会非常孤独，最终可能会被毁掉，所以正确选项的情感态度必然为负，A项肯定不能选。其他三个选项还需要进一步确认。
参考译文
这个故事片段刻画出一个很讽刺的现象：尽管美国男性在公共场合发表言论比女性更多，但他们在家里却很少说话。
做题一定要“考虑题干的感受”。如果说原文是母亲，题干是父亲，那所有正确选项在原文母亲的怀抱中都能找到影子，但是仅做到这点还不够，正确选项还要符合题干的要求，要“同母同父”！
看下文
这道题所问的短语wreaking havoc 出现在“And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage”中，很显然wreak havoc是pattern的动作。那我们现在看完上文，只能推断出pattern带来了负面的结果，排除了A项，还不清楚pattern的动作wreak havoc到底是什么，所以还需要继续来看下文。只要知道wreak havoc的具体后果，就可以推断出wreak havoc到底是什么意思了。
分析： B项（影响）和D项（压力）除去与分析不符，还有一点：“ 影响 ”是一个中性词，有好有坏；“ 压力 ”也一样，压力本身也可以是动力。所以B项和D项很难说是负面还是正面，和C项相比程度都不够，所以都不能选。
同学们，他们说婚姻是爱情的坟墓，但有没有想过，没有婚姻，爱情将死无葬身之地？一辈子只爱一个人，被一个人爱着，到了70岁、80岁再回忆，你会发现这是多么伟大、多么美好的一生。所以即便发现婚姻没有那么美好了，也不要先去全盘否定对方，不妨试着思考是不是自己哪里不够美好，抑或是不是自己缺乏深入发掘对方美好的“眼光”。婚姻不等于简单的欣赏，更多的是包容，欣赏Ta的优点，更要关爱Ta的缺点。
同学： 老师这个题我不需要看这个下文啊。我本来就选了C，因为老婆跟老公不聊天，老婆很崩溃呀，所以我就直接选C（造成毁灭了）。
波妈： 你这样做是非常可怕的。如果你不看下文，直接选了C，你会形成一个错误的经验，以后题目虽然要求看上下文，你都不去看。我既希望你做对，又希望你用正确的方法做对。只有这样，才能保证你以后做题都能做对。
某一段最后一句的下文，必须是下一段的中心；某一段第一句的上文，必须是上一段的中心。
文章中反复出现的词，常常是主旨词；段落中反复出现的词，常常是段落中心词。而题干和选项中反复出现的词也常常暗示了文章的主题。总之，反复出现的内容必定和文章中心思想紧密相关。
主动先去看题目了吗？
1 While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category.“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr.Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.
2 Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries（the female reproductive organs）removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
3 Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress.“It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well.It's just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr.Yehuda.“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's,” she observes, “it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”
4 Dr.Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes.“I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature.Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress.Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence.The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”
5 Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college.“I struggled a lot to get the college degree.I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother.“It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt.I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”
6 Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes.But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain.Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
直接来看题目的，请给自己画个小红心、点个赞！
21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?
[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.
[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.
[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.
[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.
22. Dr.Yehuda's research suggests that women ______.
[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress
[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress
[C] are more capable of avoiding stress
[D] are exposed to more stress
23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be ______.
[A] domestic and temporary
[B] irregular and violent
[C] durable and frequent
[D] trivial and random
24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”（Line 6, Para.5）shows that ______.
[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money
[B] Alvarez's salary barely covered her household expenses
[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs
[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?
[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference
[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say
[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
你太棒啦，先自己做题才来看波妈讲解，请给自己画上一颗小红心！
请依然牢记，解题时第一步一定是先看题干和选项，尽量推测文章中心思想。如果从题干选项得到的信息不够充足，可以通过看各段首尾句来进一步明确中心。接下来才是做题，最后则需要验证选项并统计选项字母出现的概率。
还拿着笔吗？自己琢磨下这一步圈画点儿啥会对解题有帮助，一会儿揭晓答案~
分析： 前3道题以及最后1道题都是不停在说women（女性）和stress（压力），那这篇文章十有八九是围绕“ 女性 ”和“ 压力 ”讲的。
想一想，接下来可以直接去做题了吗？
同理，继续拿起笔，重点内容自己先圈画起来哦~
分析： 通过如上分析，我们发现文章中心思想就是讲 女人的压力很大 ，重点讲女人，不讲男人。
明确文章中心思想后，这篇有两道题我们就可以“厚颜无耻”地解题了。
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?
[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference
[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say
[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
分析： 25题选D项，Women Under Stress（压力之下的女人），因为只有这项将women和stress这两个核心词都涵盖了。
21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?
[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.
[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.
[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.
[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.
分析： 本题选A项。因为文章既然讲的是women和stress，那说明主要讲women，而不是men。那你选只有women和stress的选项，别选有men的选项就好了。
根据前面讲过的概率，既然现在一个选A（21题），一个选D（25题），那就剩下B和C没有选过，如果时间来不及，那你就要么全选B（24题选B），要么全选C（23题选C）。即便拿不到6分，也能让你的阅读跟你的对手快速拉开4分的差距。
发现没？这也是一种巧解哦~
做题有两个非常重要的角度，一个是细节对比，另一个就是中心推测。 考研阅读理解中大约有70%的题都需要通过不断对比细节来答题，而大约有30%的题则是通过读题干选项、读文章各段的首尾句来推测文章中心思想，就可以推测出答案——你不要因此就觉得所有文章都不用看原文只看选项就能全部做对，如果是那样，文章都不用读那就不叫阅读理解了。所以大家一定要踏踏实实、认认真真地学习，因为 有功底的技巧是锦上添花，没有功底的技巧是雪上加霜。
不过推测了解文章中心思想依旧是十分重要的。一方面，近几年考研英语大纲改革，特别是2023年（近几年大纲改动幅度最大的一次）改革提出的一个点就是：以后更加要考查段落的中心主旨，更加要考查全文的中心思想。为什么呢？ 因为如果考查的5道题居然跟文章中心思想关系不大，那题肯定就出错了，如果我们的答案居然跟文章中心思想违背的话，那题就出得荒谬了， 除非题干问的是下面哪一项是错的。
而在实际运用这一原则解题的过程中，大家需要注意两点。
1.不要死抠句子的翻译。一定不要追求一字一句读完文章并精准翻译每个句子（平常学习除外哈），因为那是翻译课或是长难句课要做的。本原则讲解中，大家也能看到波妈并没有专门翻译长难句，遇到生词难词甚至都是直接跳过。因为本书就是专门讲考研阅读理解的方法论。
2.但要看两个重点。一个是文章的核心词，另一个则是最后一段，因为这二者都有助于你快速把握文章中心思想。
总之， 为中心思想服务是一种非常关键的做题思路，用文章主旨做题是阅读的重要思路，更是最新大纲改革后的一个核心要点。在实际运用时，一定抓大放小，不要去细抠句子翻译 。
本节讲的“为中心思想服务原则”是三大原则之一，是所有方法中的其中一个，并不是全部。你不要因为学到一个原则，一时兴奋就去“调戏”真题，浪费真题。