Word List 05

miserable [ˈmɪzrəbl]

adj. 悲惨的；痛苦的

例 The weather was cloudy again and it made him feel miserable . 天气再次变得阴沉，这使他感觉很悲伤。

用 miserable housing conditions 恶劣的住房条件

扩 misery n. 痛苦；不幸

embed [ɪmˈbed]

v. 嵌入；插入；内置

例 When he shot the arrow it hit the door and embedded itself into the wood. 他的箭射中了门，并嵌入了木头里。

用 an embedded sentence 一个嵌入的句子

rehearse [rɪˈhɜːs]

v. 排练，预演，彩排

例 When people put on a big performance they often rehearse for a long time beforehand. 当人们上演一场大型演出时，他们通常事先排练很长时间。

用 rehearse for the opening ceremony 为开幕式排练

tag [tæɡ]

n. 标签；称呼 v. 贴标签；把……称作

例 She wrote her name on a tag and attached it to her school sports bag. 她把名字写在一个标签上，并把它贴在学校的运动背包上。

用 wear name tags 佩戴姓名标签

extinct [ɪkˈstɪŋkt]

adj. 灭绝的；已消亡的

例 Quite a few species of animals have become extinct over the past twenty years. 在过去二十年里，相当多的动物物种已经灭绝了。

用 an extinct species 一个已灭绝的物种

扩 extinction n. 灭绝

考 The species was declared extinct by the Tasmanian government in 1986. 该物种在1986年由塔斯马尼亚政府宣告灭绝。

assignment [əˈsaɪnmənt]

n. 分配；任务；作业

例 He had only a month left to complete his final assignment for the course. 他只剩下一个月时间来完成这门课的最后一项作业。

用 complete three written assignments per semester 每学期完成三项书面作业

meadow [ˈmedəʊ]

n. 草地，牧场

例 The vast meadow was filled with colourful wildflowers and buzzing bees. 广阔的草地上遍布着五颜六色的野花和嗡嗡作响的蜜蜂。

用 water meadows 岸边的草地

考 After being comprehensively defeated on the meadows outside the city by the Parliamentarian army, the 21-year-old king found himself the subject of a national manhunt, with a huge sum offered for his capture. 在城外草地上遭受了议会军的全面击溃之后，这位21岁的君主发现自己成了全国上下追捕的对象，为捉拿他而设下了重金悬赏。

talent [ˈtælənt]

n. 才能，天才，天资

例 He had a natural talent for music and picked up the piano very quickly. 他对音乐很有天赋，很快就学会了弹钢琴。

用 have great artistic talent 很有艺术天赋

trivial [ˈtrɪviəl]

adj. 琐碎的；不重要的

例 They never argue about anything serious, but only really trivial little things. 他们从不为严肃的事情争论，只会争论一些琐碎的小事。

用 a trivial detail 细枝末节

hectare [ˈhekteə(r)]

n. 公顷

例 The farm covered several hectares of land, providing ample space for cultivation. 这个农场占地数公顷，有充足的种植空间。

用 in just one hectare of rainforest 在一公顷的雨林里

invest [ɪnˈvest]

v. 投资；投入；授予

例 It is unwise to invest in real estate in these insecure economic times. 在这种经济不稳定的时期投资房地产是不明智的。

用 invest heavily in public transport 对公共交通投入大量资金

扩 investment n. 投资；投入

versatile [ˈvɜːsətaɪl]

adj. 多才多艺的；通用的，万能的

例 She is able to do a diverse range of jobs in our team, so she really is a versatile member of the organization. 她可以在我们团队中做各种各样的工作，所以她确实是组织中多才多艺的一员。

用 a versatile actor 一名多才多艺的演员

扩 verse n. 诗歌 universal adj. 普遍的；一般的

demolish [dɪˈmɒlɪʃ]

v. 拆除；破坏

例 They were renovating the entire old part of the city, and they demolished a lot of buildings in the process. 他们正在翻新城市的整个老城区，并在这一过程中拆除了很多建筑。

用 demolish part of the wall 破坏了一部分墙体

endorse [ɪnˈdɔːs]

v. 背书；认可，赞同

例 The report was endorsed by the college professor and then submitted for final approval and publication. 报告得到了学校教授的背书并随后提交以完成最终审核和发布。

用 be endorsed by the college 得到学院认可

扩 endorsement n. 背书；认可

calibrate [ˈkælɪbreɪt]

v. 校准，精确测量

例 The scientist meticulously calibrated the instruments to ensure accurate measurement readings. 科学家仔细校准仪器以确保准确的测量读数。

用 instructions on how to calibrate a thermometer 关于校准温度计的说明

扩 calibration n. 校准

conceive [kənˈsiːv]

v. 构思；设想；怀孕

例 Many people today cannot conceive of what it would be like to live without a mobile phone. 今天许多人无法想象没有手机的生活会是什么样子。

用 be conceived as 被作为；被理解为

扩 receive v. 接收

考 It is difficult to conceive of vigorous economic growth without an efficient transport system. 如果没有有效的交通体系，很难想象会有强劲的经济增长。

statue [ˈstætʃuː]

n. 雕像，塑像

例 They erected a huge stone statue of the hero in the town square, to commemorate the great deeds he did for the country. 他们在城市广场上竖立了一座巨大的英雄雕像，以纪念他为国家所做出的伟大事迹。

用 pull down a statue 推倒一座雕像

elect [ɪˈlekt]

v. 选举；选择

例 The president was elected through a series of parliamentary elections last month. 总统通过上个月的一系列议会选举被选出。

用 an elected representative 一名选出的代表

扩 election n. 选举；选择

affluent [ˈæfluənt]

adj. 富裕的；丰富的

例 His parents were very affluent and owned several houses in different areas of the city. 他的父母非常富裕，在这个城市的不同区域拥有几套房产。

用 a very affluent neighbourhood 一片富人区

同 prosperous adj. 繁荣的，兴旺的 wealthy adj. 富有的

invoice [ˈɪnvɔɪs]

n. 发票，账单

例 The accountant prepared the invoice , detailing the products purchased and the total amount due. 会计准备了发票，详细说明了购买的产品和应付总金额。

用 send an invoice for the goods 发送费用清单

weed [wiːd]

n. 野草，杂草

例 She diligently removed the weeds from her flowerbeds to maintain their neatness and beauty. 她勤奋地清除花坛中的杂草，以保持花坛的整洁和美丽。

用 be overgrown with weeds 杂草丛生

integrate [ˈɪntɪɡreɪt]

v. 整合，合并；（使）加入，融入

例 Transport planning should be integrated into the new urban reforms that they are working on for the city. 交通规划应被纳入他们正在为城市进行的新的改革中。

用 integrate successfully into the Italian way of life 顺利融入意大利的生活方式中

扩 integration n. 整合，合并 integrated adj. 完整的

browse [braʊz]

v. 浏览，翻阅

例 She loved to browse through antique shops, searching for hidden treasures. 她喜欢逛古董店，寻找隐藏的贵重物品。

用 browse through the newspaper 翻阅报纸

illuminate [ɪˈluːmɪneɪt]

v. 阐明，说明；照亮

例 The whole field was illuminated by the firework display. 整片田地都被烟火照亮了。

用 illuminate the stadium 照亮体育场

扩 illumination n. 阐明，说明；照亮

考 illuminate the path 照亮道路

mathematics [ˌmæθəˈmætɪks]

n. 数学；数学运算

例 It's important to have a strong basis in mathematics if you want to study physics. 如果你想学习物理，有扎实的数学基础是很重要的。

用 a professor of mathematics 一位数学教授

类 accounting n. 会计学 finance n. 金融学 engineering n. 工程学 anthropology n. 人类学 psychology n. 心理学 physiology n. 生理学 marketing n. 市场营销 statistics n. 统计学

prevail [prɪˈveɪl]

v. 流行；普遍存在；战胜

例 It is important that logic prevails over emotion when making important business decisions. 重要的是在做重要的业务决策时，逻辑要胜过情感。

用 prevail among certain social groups 在某些社会群体中很盛行

扩 prevailing adj. 普遍的；流行的

inborn [ˌɪnˈbɔːn]

adj. 天生的

例 Some talents, like a natural aptitude for music, seem inborn in individuals. 有些天赋，比如音乐天赋，似乎是天生的。

用 an inborn talent for languages 天生的语言才能

arable [ˈærəbl]

adj. 可耕种的；耕作的

例 The fertile soil in the region made it ideal for arable farming and crop cultivation. 该地区肥沃的土壤使其成为耕种和作物种植的理想地点。

用 arable farms 耕作农场

spoil [spɔɪl]

v. 溺爱；破坏，糟蹋

例 She really believed that the new, modern building was ugly and spoilt the whole view. 她真的认为这座新的、现代化的建筑很难看，破坏了整片景观。

用 spoil your appetite 破坏你的食欲

luxury [ˈlʌkʃəri]

n. 奢侈；奢侈品 adj. 奢侈的

例 He tended to enjoy staying in luxury hotels rather than cheap guesthouses. 他喜欢住豪华酒店，而不是廉价旅馆。

用 a luxury hotel 一家豪华酒店

扩 luxurious adj. 奢侈的

考 Humour may be a luxury , but the mechanism behind it is no evolutionary accident. 幽默或许是一种奢侈品，但是其背后的机制并非进化中的意外。

split [splɪt]

v. （使）分裂；分开 n. 裂缝；分裂；分歧

例 He split the log in half with the axe, so that it would fit in the wood burner. 他用斧头把木头劈成两半，从而使其可以放到烧木头的炉子里。

用 split neatly into two groups 恰巧分成两类

discipline [ˈdɪsəplɪn]

n. 学科；纪律；训练

例 He had an admirable sense of discipline and respect for his teachers. 他有令人称赞的纪律性，并且尊重老师。

用 strict discipline 严格的纪律

intact [ɪnˈtækt]

adj. 完整的；未受损伤的

例 It was amazing that the medieval tower remained intact after so many hundred years. 令人惊讶的是这座中世纪的塔几百年之后仍然完好无损。

用 remain intact 保持完整

同 undamaged adj. 未受损伤的

pervasive [pəˈveɪsɪv]

adj. 遍布的，无处不在的

例 Violence and crime are pervasive problems in some cities in the world. 暴力和犯罪是世界上一些城市中普遍存在的问题。

用 the pervasive influence 无处不在的影响

扩 pervasively adv. 广泛地

fabric [ˈfæbrɪk]

n. 织物，布料；结构，构造

例 The curtains were made of a thick, soft fabric that made the room look comfortable and warm. 窗帘是由一种又厚又软的织物制成的，这使房间看起来既舒适又温暖。

用 cotton fabric 棉织物

考 Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric , thus making it the world's first synthetic dye. Perkin很快发现他的紫色溶液可以用来为纺织品染色，从而制作出了世界上最早的合成染料。

spontaneous [spɒnˈteɪniəs]

adj. 自发的；自然的

例 She was always making spontaneous decisions without much consideration. 她总是不经过深思熟虑就自发地做出决定。

用 burst into spontaneous applause 自发地鼓掌

扩 spontaneously adv. 自发地；自然地 simultaneous adj. 同时的

exacerbate [ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt]

v. 使加剧，使恶化；激怒

例 If you do not take your medicine, your condition will exacerbate , and you will feel worse. 如果不吃药，你的情况会恶化，而且你会感觉更差。

用 be exacerbated by racial divisions 因种族分裂而恶化

同 aggravate v. 使严重；使恶化

考 Noise in classroom can only exacerbate their difficulty in comprehending and processing verbal communication with other children and instructions from the teacher. 教室中的噪音只会加剧他们理解和处理与其他儿童的言语交流以及教师发出的指令时的困难。

dubious [ˈdjuːbiəs]

adj. 可疑的；有疑虑的

例 His dubious claims raised doubts about the authenticity of his story. 他令人生疑的说法使人们对他故事的真实性产生了怀疑。

用 be dubious about the whole idea 对这整个想法持怀疑态度

steady [ˈstedi]

adj. 稳定的；不变的

例 She was not quick at learning the piano, but she was making slow, steady progress. 她学钢琴学得不快，但一直有缓慢而稳定的进步。

用 five years of steady economic growth 经济稳定发展的五年

同 constant adj. 持续的；稳定的 stable adj. 稳定的

character [ˈkærəktə(r)]

n. 性格，品质；特性；角色

例 Micheal was an interesting character with a great sense of humour and sharp intellect. Michael是一个有趣的角色，他有很强的幽默感和敏锐的才智。

用 have a strong character 个性强

扩 characteristic adj. 独特的，特有的

vein [veɪn]

n. 静脉；叶脉；纹理

例 The nurse was having trouble finding the vein in her arm to administer the injection. 护士很难找到她手臂上的静脉来进行注射。

用 inject glucose into the patient's vein 将葡萄糖注射入病人的静脉

anticipate [ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt]

v. 预料，预期

例 The cost of the rennovations turned out to be a lot higher than they had anticipated . 翻新的费用比他们的预期高出很多。

用 anticipate the result 预料结果

扩 anticipation n. 预期；期待

deputy [ˈdepjuti]

n. 副手，副职；代理人；代表

例 The deputy took charge in the absence of the sheriff, ensuring law and order in the town. 警长不在时，副警长负责维护镇上的法律和秩序。

用 the deputy head of a school 副校长

olfactory [ɒlˈfæktəri]

adj. 嗅觉的

例 Dogs are well-known for having incredibly heightened olfactory senses. 众所周知，狗有令人难以置信的灵敏嗅觉。

用 olfactory cell 嗅觉细胞 olfactory nerve 嗅觉神经 olfactory organ 嗅觉器官

assimilation [əˌsɪməˈleɪʃn]

n. 同化；吸收

例 It can take generations for an immigrant culture to reach a level of assimilation with a host culture. 移民文化可能需要几代人的时间才能达到与所在国文化出现同化的程度。

用 the rapid assimilation of new ideas 对新思想的迅速吸收

扩 assimilate v. 同化；吸收

merchant [ˈmɜːtʃənt]

n. 商人；批发商

例 The Tang Dynasty was a period in Chinese history when merchants from all over the world visited China. 唐朝是中国历史上一个世界各地商人都会访问中国的时期。

用 a wholesale merchant 一个批发商

扩 merchandise v. 买卖，交易

transition [trænˈzɪʃn]

n. 过渡；转变；转换

例 The transition from a primary to secondary school is usually quite a big and daunting step for children. 对孩子们而言，从小学到中学的转变往往是巨大且艰难的一步。

用 the transition from school to full-time work 从学校到全职工作的过渡

plagiarism [ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm]

n. 剽窃；剽窃作品

例 They are implementing new measures to try to prevent students from engaging in plagiarism . 他们使用新的方法试图阻止学生参与抄袭。

用 plagiarism scandal 抄袭丑闻

embark [ɪmˈbɑːk]

v. 上船，上飞机；着手，开始

例 The explorers and their crew were excited to embark on a new adventure together. 探险者和他们的船员兴奋地一起开始了新的冒险。

用 embark on a new career as a writer 开始一个作家的新生涯

heritage [ˈherɪtɪdʒ]

n. 遗产；传统

例 The building is protected because it is a cultural heritage site, so it must be maintained in a particular way. 由于属于文化遗址，这栋建筑得到了保护，因此它必须以特定的方式进行维护。

用 rich cultural heritage 丰富的文化遗产

Exercise 05