Word List 04

interplay [ˈɪntəpleɪ]

n. 相互影响，相互作用

例 Our personalities develop through a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. 我们的个性是在遗传和环境因素复杂的相互作用下形成的。

用 the subtle interplay of colours 色彩的相互掩映

考 the interplay of nature and nurture in determining our personalities, behavior, and vulnerability to disease 先天和后天在决定我们性格、行为和对疾病易感性方面的相互作用

lavatory [ˈlævətri]

n. 盥洗室，厕所

例 He knows that the nearest public lavatory is at the station. 他知道最近的公共厕所在车站。

用 a bathroom and a lavatory upstairs 楼上的浴室和卫生间

stable [ˈsteɪbl]

adj. 稳定的；牢固的；持久的

例 Some people believe that working in a big, established company is more stable than in a smaller one. 有些人认为在规模大的知名公司工作比在小公司工作稳定。

用 stable prices 稳定的价格

同 steady adj. 稳定的

扩 stability n. 稳定；稳定性

breed [briːd]

v. 繁殖；养育，培养 n. 品种；类型

例 They decided to adopt a rescue dog rather than buy a specific breed from a breeder. 他们决定收养一只救援犬，而不是从饲养员那里购买特定的品 种。

用 a new breed of entrepreneurs 新型的企业家

drift [drɪft]

n. 漂流，漂移；流动；趋势 v. 漂流，漂移；漂泊

例 The boat raised its anchor and started to drift with the tide. 船起了锚，开始随着潮汐漂流。

用 a population drift away from rural areas 农村地区的人口外流

acrobat [ˈækrəbæt]

n. 杂技演员

例 The skilled acrobat amazed the audience with breathtaking stunts. 熟练的杂技演员以令人惊叹的特技使观众兴奋不已。

用 an acrobat in a circus 马戏团的一名杂技演员

lens [lenz]

n. 镜头；透镜，镜片

例 The photographer adjusted the camera lens to capture the perfect shot. 摄影师调整了镜头以捕捉完美的画面。

用 camera with an adjustable lens 带有可调节镜头的照相机

parcel [ˈpɑːsl]

n. 包裹；一批；一块土地 v. 包起来，打包

例 Her admirer delivered the small parcel and quietly left it in the reception room. 她的仰慕者送来了小包裹，悄悄地把它放在会客厅里。

用 a parcel and some letters for you 你的一个包裹和几封信

sensor [ˈsensə(r)]

n. 传感器

例 Cars almost all have sensors today so that the vehicle can warn you if you are too close to another car or an obstacle while parking. 如今，几乎所有的汽车都装有传感器，停车时，如果你离另一辆汽车或障碍物太近，汽车就会发出警告。

用 light sensor 光传感器 temperature sensor 温度传感器

susceptible [səˈseptəbl]

adj. 易受影响的；易感动的

例 Older people are more susceptible to infections than younger people. 老年人比年轻人更容易被感染。

用 the most susceptible to advertisements 最容易受广告影响

sanction [ˈsæŋkʃn]

v. / n. 制裁，处罚；许可，批准

例 The government imposed economic sanctions to pressure the neighbouring country. 政府实施经济制裁以向邻国施压。

用 trade sanctions 贸易制裁

praise [preɪz]

v. / n. 赞扬，称赞

例 It is important to give children praise for good work, so they remain motivated. 对孩子好的表现给予表扬是很重要的，这样他们可以保持积极 性。

用 full of praise for his progress 对他的进步进行夸赞

dissertation [ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃn]

n. 专题论文，学位论文

例 She dedicated months to research and writing to complete her doctoral dissertation . 为了完成博士论文，她花了几个月的时间进行研究和写作。

用 write a dissertation 写一篇论文

考 If I choose that option, I don't have to do a dissertation module. 如果我选择了那个选项，我就不必做论文模块了。

plank [plæŋk]

n. 木板；政策准则

例 The circus performer balanced skillfully on the wooden plank , showcasing his agility. 马戏演员熟练地在木板上保持平衡，展示了他的敏捷。

用 a wooden plank 一条木板

考 More recent archaeological hypotheses have them transporting the bluestones with supersized wicker baskets on a combination of ball bearings and long grooved planks , hauled by oxen. 更近期的考古学假设是：他们用超大号的藤条篮子盛放这些蓝灰砂岩，放在由球型轴承和有凹槽的长木板组合成的运输工具上，用牛群拖拽。

equivalent [ɪˈkwɪvələnt]

adj. 相等的；等价的 n. 等价物

例 She was a fantastic cook, and her dishes were equivalent in quality to those in some of the best restaurants. 她是一位出色的厨师，她做的菜的质量与一些最好餐馆里菜的质量相当。

用 be equivalent to 相当于，等同于

扩 equivalence n. 均等；相等

考 According to its proponents, geo-engineering is the equivalent of a backup generator. 对于其支持者而言，地质工程就相当于一个备用的发电机。

particle [ˈpɑːtɪkl]

n. 微粒；粒子

例 There was not a particle of evidence to support his viewpoint. 没有一点证据支持他的观点。

用 a particle of hot metal 热金属微粒

考 The reader must remain a tantalized spectator rather than an involved participant, since the appropriate language for describing the details in much of science is mathematics, whether the subject is expanding universe, subatomic particles , or chromosomes. 读者只好全程做一个跃跃欲试而不得的旁观者，而不是加入其中的参与者，因为描述大部分科学领域中细节内容的恰当语言 是数学语言，无论话题是膨胀宇宙、亚原子粒子，还是染色 体。

statistics [stəˈtɪstɪks]

n. 统计；统计学；统计数字

例 The statistics come from a recent study by Oxford University research team. 这些数据来自牛津大学研究团队最近的一项研究。

用 official statistics 官方统计数字

interpersonal [ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənl]

adj. 人际的；人际关系的

例 Interpersonal relationships across cultures are key to developing sound global skills in today's world. 在当今世界，跨文化的人际交往能力是培养全球化技能的关 键。

用 interpersonal skills 人际交往技巧

valid [valid]

adj. 有效的；有根据的；合法的

例 Your passport must be valid for at least six months to apply for a visa. 你的护照必须有至少六个月的有效期才能申请签证。

用 valid passport 有效的护照

反 invalid adj. 无效的

扩 validity n. 有效性，效度

hull [hʌl]

n. 船体；外壳

例 The hull of the ship had been severely damaged by the accident. 这艘船的船体在这次事故中被严重损坏。

用 wooden hull 木质船体 steel hull 钢质船体

chaos [ˈkeɪɒs]

n. 混沌；混乱

例 Without strict regulations and rules schools would fall into total chaos . 没有严格的规章制度，学校就会陷入一片混乱。

用 economic chaos 经济混乱

embody [ɪmˈbɒdi]

v. 体现；收录，包含

例 The actor's performance perfectly embodied the character's emotions. 演员的表演完美地体现了角色的情感。

用 embody the proposal in a draft resolution 将提议包含在一份决议草案中

incentive [ɪnˈsentɪv]

n. 激励，刺激

例 The company offered him an extra bonus as an incentive . 公司给他一笔额外奖金作为激励。

用 tax incentives 税收激励

motif [məʊˈtiːf]

n. 主题，主旨；装饰图案，装饰图形

例 The ancient rug was decorated with a beautiful flower motif . 这块古老的地毯上装饰着美丽的花朵图案。

用 wallpaper with a flower motif 有鲜花图案的墙纸

pharmacy [ˈfɑːməsi]

n. 药店，药房；药剂学

例 The pharmacy near his home was open 24 hours, which was convenient when he needed to buy medicine at night. 他家附近的药店24小时营业，这在晚上需要买药时很方便。

用 modern pharmacy 现代制药学

扩 pharmaceutical adj. 制药的

grateful [ˈɡreɪtfl]

adj. 感谢的，感激的

例 She was incredibly grateful for all the wonderful gifts they had given her for her anniversary. 她非常感激他们送给自己的结婚纪念日礼物。

用 grateful for a chance to relax 庆幸有机会放松一下

adequate [ˈædɪkwət]

adj. 充足的；适当的

例 Adequate water intake is necessary for the body to function properly. 充足的水分摄入是身体正常运转所必需的。

用 an adequate supply of hot water 充足的热水供应

反 inadequate adj. 不足的；不充分的

扩 adequately adv. 足够地

考 have adequate sanitation services 有充足的卫生服务

calcium [ˈkælsiəm]

n. 钙

例 Consuming foods rich in calcium is essential for maintaining strong and healthy bones. 食用富含钙的食物对于保持强壮健康的骨骼是必不可少的。

用 aid the absorption of calcium from food 帮助从食物中吸收钙

priority [praɪˈɒrəti]

n. 优先事项；优先级

例 His top priority for the new company was to improve staff motivation by organising team-building activities. 他在新公司的首要任务是通过组织团队建设活动来提高员工积极性。

用 top priority 最重要的事项 our first priority 我们最优先的事项

考 Fragile mountain forests should be given priority in research programs. 研究项目应当首先考虑脆弱的山地森林。

envisage [ɪnˈvɪzɪdʒ]

v. 设想，想象，展望

例 They could not envisage the challenges that lay ahead. 他们无法想象到出现在面前的挑战。

用 envisage working with him again 想象再与他一起工作

扩 envision v. 想象；预想

efficiency [ɪˈfɪʃnsi]

n. 效率，效能；功率

例 The new manufacturing process improved efficiency , reducing production time and costs. 新的制造工艺提高了效率，减少了生产时间和成本。

用 improvements in efficiency at the factory 工厂效率的提高

扩 efficient adj. 高效的 proficient adj. 熟练的

考 Engineers are tasked with changing how we travel round cities through urban design, but the engineering industry still works on the assumptions that led to the creation of the energy-consuming transport systems we have now: the emphasis placed solely on efficiency , speed, and quantitative data. 工程师们的任务是通过都市设计来改变我们在城市中的流动方式，然而工程建筑业仍然在这样的一些理念下运转，最终形成了我们目前所拥有的这些消耗能量的交通系统：重点全盘放在了效率、速度和量化数据上。

stitch [stɪtʃ]

n. 针脚，一针；缝线 v. 缝，缝补；缝合

例 The surgeon would pick up his instruments, probe, repair, and stitch up again. 外科医生会拿起器械进行探查、修复，然后再缝合。

用 keep the stitches small and straight 针脚尽量缝得小而直

appraisal [əˈpreɪzl]

n. 评价；估计

例 The end of year performance appraisals should be out some time in the middle of this month. 年终绩效评估应该会在本月中旬公布。

用 detailed critical appraisals of her work 对她作品的详细评论

扩 appraise v. 评价；估价；估计

neural [ˈnjʊərəl]

adj. 神经的；神经系统的

例 They say that if you take vitamin B regularly, this improves the performance of the neural networks in your brain. 他们说，如果定期服用维生素B，这将改善你大脑中神经网络的状态。

用 neural pathways in the brain 大脑的神经通路

crown [kraʊn]

n. 王冠，冕；王位，王权

例 The king placed the jeweled crown on his head, symbolizing his authority. 国王把镶有宝石的王冠戴在头上，象征着他的权威。

用 a crown of flowers 一个花冠

考 He argues that tooth crowns and roots have a high genetic component, minimally affected by environmental and other factors. 他认为齿冠和齿根包含极高的遗传因素，受环境和其他因素影响最小。

pretend [prɪˈtend]

v. 假装，伪装

例 She was incredibly sad but she pretended to be happy so not to worry her family. 她非常伤心，但还是假装高兴，为了不让家人担心。

用 have to pretend all the time 总是需要假装

扩 intend v. 想要，有意 attend v. 参加，出席

compulsory [kəmˈpʌlsəri]

adj. 强制的；义务的；必修的

例 Studying science and math at middle school level is compulsory in most countries. 在大多数国家，中学阶段的科学和数学都是必修课。

用 compulsory education 义务教育 compulsory redundancy 强制裁员

反 voluntary adj. 自愿的；志愿的

category [ˈkætəɡəri]

n. 种类，分类；范畴

例 There is a special category in the tax form for people who have part-time employment. 在税务清单上有一个特殊类别，是为那些有兼职工作的人准备 的。

用 three main categories 三大类

同 class n. 类别；阶层

prototype [ˈprəʊtətaɪp]

n. 原型；雏形

例 The final product was not yet complete, but the prototype had successfully performed during the trials. 最终产品尚未完成，但原型产品在试验期间成功运行。

用 the prototype of the bicycle 自行车的雏形

考 Prototypes of medical-diagnosis programs and speech recognition software appeared to be making progress. 医学诊断程序和语音识别软件的原型似乎正在取得进展。

milestone [ˈmaɪlstəʊn]

n. 里程碑；划时代事件

例 Finally getting his master's degree was an important milestone in his academic life. 最终取得硕士学位是他学术生涯中一个重要的里程碑。

用 a milestone in the history of cinema 电影史上的一个里程碑

eventually [ɪˈventʃuəli]

adv. 最后，终于

例 After a lot of effort and trial and error he eventually managed to solve the problem. 经过大量努力和反复尝试，他最终成功解决了问题。

用 arrive at the hotel eventually 最终到达了旅馆

反 initially adv. 最初地

扩 eventual adj. 最终的，最后的

考 Eventually , Rome's navy became the largest and most powerful in the Mediterranean, and the Romans had control over what they therefore called Mare Nostrum meaning “our sea”. 最终，罗马海军成为地中海区域最大、最强的军队，罗马人征服了这片他们称为 Mare Nostrum 的海域，意为“我们的海”。

chamber [ˈtʃeɪmbə(r)]

n. 室，腔；房间；会议厅

例 The courtroom was a large, dark chamber at the end of the hall. 法庭在大厅尽头，是一个很大的、光线暗的房间。

用 leave the council chamber 离开会议厅

考 the burial chamber of the tomb 陵墓的墓室

virtue [ˈvɜːtʃuː]

n. 美德；优点

例 It was a surprise to many that the Olympic athletes displayed such virtue in praising and encouraging their opponents. 令许多人吃惊的是，奥运会运动员在赞扬和鼓励他们的对手方面表现出了如此的善意。

用 the virtues of the Internet 互联网的好处

同 advantage n. 优点

inhale [ɪnˈheɪl]

v. 吸入；吸气

例 When doing yoga exercises it is important to control how you inhale and exhale. 做瑜伽练习时，控制你的吸气和呼气是很重要的。

用 inhale fresh air 呼吸新鲜空气

同 breathe in 吸气；吸入

反 exhale v. 呼气；发出

terrestrial [təˈrestriəl]

adj. 地球的；陆地的，陆生的

例 It is said that these terrestrial plants do not grow at all in water. 据说这些陆生植物完全无法在水中生长。

用 terrestrial life forms 地球上的生命形态

考 other large terrestrial mammals 其他大型陆生哺乳动物

accustom [əˈkʌstəm]

v. 使习惯，使适应

例 When one moves away from home, it takes time to accustom oneself to a new environment. 当一个人离开家后，使自己适应新环境是需要时间的。

用 accustom herself to the tight bandages 使她自己习惯那些紧绷的绷带

disguise [dɪsˈɡaɪz]

v. 伪装；掩饰 n. 伪装物；伪装

例 I love old detective stories where the secret agents wear all sorts of different disguises . 我 喜欢早期的侦探小说，里面的秘密特工会使用各种各样的伪 装。

用 disguise her surprise 掩饰她的惊奇

同 conceal v. 隐藏，隐瞒

define [dɪˈfaɪn]

v. 下定义；使明确；规定

例 It is difficult for people to really define what they mean by happiness. 人们很难真正定义他们所谓的幸福是什么。

用 be difficult to define 很难界定

考 Here is how some of today's “explorers” define the word. 以下是如今一些“探索者”对这个词的定义。

collision [kəˈlɪʒn]

n. 碰撞，相撞；冲突

例 There was a slight collision but my car was undamaged. 虽有轻微碰撞，但我的汽车没有损坏。

用 a collision between two trains 两列火车相撞事故

考 That would alleviate the need for many of the unnecessary manoeuvres that are carried out to avoid potential collisions . 那样就能减少许多不必要的为了避免碰撞而做出的躲避动作。

syndrome [ˈsɪndrəʊm]

n. 综合症状，综合征；并发症状

例 His anxiety syndrome was always something he struggled with after the conflict. 他总是在发生矛盾后受到焦虑症状的困扰。

用 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome 中东呼吸综合征

Exercise 04