Word List 01

ecosystem [ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm]

n. 生态系统

例 The ecosystem in the pacific ocean is suffering from extensive damage due to pollution. 太平洋的生态系统正在遭受污染带来的严重损害。

用 maintain the integrity of the ecosystem 维持生态系统的完整性 the forest ecosystem 森林生态系统

扩 ecology n. 生态学 ecological adj. 生态的

考 significant long-term changes to the local ecosystems 对当地生态环境深远的长期影响

underline [ˌʌndəˈlaɪn]

v. 强调；在……下面划线

例 It's a good study strategy to underline the words in a reading passage that you don't understand. 划出阅读文章中不理解的单词是一种很好的学习策略。

用 underline the positive words 划出表示积极意义的词

同 emphasise v. 强调

proficiency [prəˈfɪʃnsi]

n. 精通，熟练

例 His level of oral English proficiency was excellent after his years overseas. 在海外生活多年后，他的英语口语已经非常熟练。

用 a certificate of language proficiency 语言水平证书 proficiency test 能力测试

扩 proficient adj. 熟练的

考 a high level of proficiency 高度熟练

scenario [səˈnɑːriəʊ]

n. 设想，可能的情况；剧情梗概；场景

例 The worst case scenario is that you will have to look for another job next year. 最坏的情况是你明年需要另找一份工作。

用 a nightmare scenario 极坏的可能

考 It's scenarios like these that many researchers are working to avoid. 许多研究人员都在努力避免这种情况。

staircase [ˈsteəkeɪs]

n. 楼梯；楼梯间

例 She climbed the spiral staircase to reach the top of the tower. 她爬上螺旋形楼梯，到达塔顶。

用 walk down the staircase 沿楼梯往下走

考 Leonardo wanted the city to be built on several levels, linked with vertical outdoor staircases . Leonardo 希望这座城市建立在几个不同的层次上，彼此之间用垂直的外部楼梯连接起来。

rooftop [ˈruːftɒp]

n. 屋顶

例 They enjoyed the beautiful view from the rooftop terrace of the skyscraper. 他们从摩天大楼的屋顶露台欣赏美丽景色。

用 the rooftops of a few small villages 一些小村庄的屋顶

考 Rooftops covered with grass, vegetable gardens and lush foliage are now a common sight in many cities around the world. 覆盖着青草、菜园和繁茂枝叶的屋顶是当今世界上许多城市里的一个常见景象。

irrigation [ˌɪrɪˈɡeɪʃn]

n. 灌溉；冲洗

例 The new irrigation systems used in farming mean that a lot of crops can be watered regularly with much less manual effort. 耕种过程中使用的新灌溉系统意味着很多作物可以在花费更少人工的情况下得到定期灌溉。

用 irrigation channels 灌溉渠

扩 irrigate v. 灌溉

考 improved irrigation systems 经过改进的灌溉系统

embrace [ɪmˈbreɪs]

v. 拥抱；包含；接受

例 Today, artists and musicians are embracing new technologies to produce interesting and innovative works. 如今，艺术家和音乐家们接受使用新技术来创作有趣而新颖的作品。

用 embrace new rules 接受新的规则 embrace every aspect of the subject 包含这一学科的各个方面

同 hug v. 抱，拥抱 accept v. 接受 contain v. 包含

考 Observation of iconoclasts shows that they embrace novelty while most people avoid things that are different. 对求新逐异者的观察表明他们会接受创新，而大多数人会避开新奇的事物。

enlighten [ɪnˈlaɪtn]

v. 启发；阐明；照亮

例 She felt enlightened by his informative and interesting presentation. 他的讲述信息充实，妙趣横生，这使她感觉受到了启发。

用 enlighten the studies of origins of myths 将有关神话起源的研究阐述清楚

同 shed light on 照亮；启发

扩 enlightening adj. 有启发作用的

rotate [rəʊˈteɪt]

v. （使）旋转，（使）转动

例 Rotate the handle about 180 degrees to open the door of the safe in the office. 将把手转动180度来打开办公室保险箱的门。

用 rotate the wheel 转动轮子

扩 rotation n. 旋转，转动

recover [rɪˈkʌvə(r)]

v. 恢复，康复；重新获得

例 After taking the medicine for a few weeks she recovered from her illness. 在服药几周后，她从疾病中恢复过来了。

用 recover your sight 恢复视力

同 restore v. 恢复，修复 regain v. 恢复；重新获得

扩 recovery n. 恢复，复原

approach [əˈprəʊtʃ]

v. 接近，靠近 n. 方法，途径；接近

例 As the storm approached everyone in the region was put on high alert. 随着暴风雨临近，该地区的每个人都处于高度警觉状态。

用 adopt a different approach 采取不同的方法 the approach of spring 春天的来临

同 means n. 方法；途径

考 I've got very interested in all the different approaches that film directors take. 我对电影导演使用的各种不同方法都很感兴趣。

reset [ˌriːˈset]

v. 重置；重新设定

例 Whenever I have problems with my computer I always reset it by turning it off and then on again. 每当我的电脑出现问题，我总会通过关机后再打开的方式来重启 它。

用 reset the watch to local time 把手表调成当地时间

interface [ˈɪntəfeɪs]

n. 界面；接口 v. 相互作用；连接；交流

例 The latest version of this software has an impressive, user-friendly interface . 这款软件的最新版本拥有令人印象深刻且用户友好的界面。

用 the user interface 用户界面 the interface between computer and printer 计算机和打印机之间的接口 the way we interface with the environment 我们与环境相互作用的方式

扩 preface n. 序言

identify [aɪˈdentɪfaɪ]

v. 确定；识别；认同

例 They couldn't identify the source of the strange smell that was coming into the office from outside. 他们无法确定从外面进入办公区的奇怪气味的来源。

用 identify a link between diet and cancer 找到饮食与癌症间的关联

扩 identification n. 识别；身份证明 identity n. 身份；同一性 identical adj. 同一的；相同的

考 identify the most appropriate innovation strategy to use 确定最适合使用的创新策略

panic [ˈpænɪk]

n. 恐慌，惊慌 v. （使）恐慌

例 I always get into a panic when I have too much work to do and very tight deadlines. 我在有太多事情要做、期限又很紧的时候，总会陷入恐慌。

用 a moment of panic 一时惊慌 be in a state of panic 处于惊恐中

考 I know I've got to look calm even if I'm in a panic . 我知道即使我很恐慌，我也要看起来很冷静。

swift [swɪft]

adj. 敏捷的；迅速的

例 Time was running out so she was forced to make a swift decision. 时间所剩无几，所以她不得不迅速作出决定。

用 swift current 湍急的水流

考 Perhaps most impressively, the Model B was amazingly swift . 也许最令人印象深刻之处在于，B模型的速度快得简直神奇。

allege [əˈledʒ]

v. （未经证实地）宣称，断言

例 The media have alleged that the criminal stole the diamonds with no help from an accomplice. 媒体宣称罪犯在没有同伙帮助的情况下偷走了钻石。

用 be alleged to have assulted him 被指控袭击了他

扩 allegation n. （无证据的）说法，指控

cease [siːs]

v. 停止，结束

例 I wish he would cease behaving in this argumentative manner during meetings. 我希望他能够停止这种在会议中好争辩的行事方式。

用 cease strike action immediately 立即停止罢工

同 stop v. 停止

反 continue v. 继续

fringe [frɪndʒ]

n. 穗，流苏；刘海儿；边缘

例 The school requires that pupils cannot have a long fringe , or strange hairstyle. 学校规定学生不能留长刘海儿或奇怪的发型。

用 on the northern fringe of the city 该市的北部边缘

同 edge n. 边缘 margin n. 边缘 brink n. 边缘

反 centre n. 中心

converge [kənˈvɜːdʒ]

v. 汇聚；聚集

例 As they flow south and pass by the city the two rivers converge into one huge river. 当两条河流向南流动经过城市时，它们汇成了一条大河。

用 converge slowly 缓慢交汇

反 diverge v. 分开；分歧

扩 convergent adj. 会聚的；趋同的 convergent lines 相交的线条 convergent opinions 一致的观点

考 Reaching some gravelly coastline in the Arctic, upon which other arctic terns have converged , will serve its larger purpose as shaped by evolution: finding a place, a time, and a set of circumstances in which it can successfully hatch and rear offspring. 去到北极某个沙砾遍地的海岸，其他北极燕鸥都集结在了那里，这将让它达成那个由进化所塑造出来的更远大目标：找到某个地点、某个时间和一系列环境条件，它可以在其间成功地孵化和养育后代。

reflect [rɪˈflekt]

v. 反映；反射；反省

例 It's about time you sit down and reflect on your own behaviour. 对你而言，是时候坐下来反思一下自己的行为了。

用 reflect the bright afternoon sunlight 反射午后明媚的阳光

扩 reflection n. 反映；思考

考 reflect on their job prospects 反思他们的工作前景

origin [ˈɒrɪdʒɪn]

n. 起源；原点；开端

例 Charles Darwin studied the origin of the human species and became famous for his works on evolutionary biology and the history of our planet. 查尔斯 · 达尔文研究人类物种的起源，并因其在进化生物学和地球历史方面的著作而闻名。

用 theories about the origin of life 有关生命起源的各种理论

扩 original adj. 原始的；最初的 originality n. 独创性；原创

考 But the origin of coconuts discovered along the west coast of America by 16th century sailors has been the subject of centuries of discussion. 但是16世纪海员们在美国西海岸发现的椰子的起源成为几个世纪以来讨论的主题。

undermine [ˌʌndəˈmaɪn]

v. 破坏；逐渐削弱

例 She always says things to contradict me and undermine my opinions. 她总是说些反驳我的话，动摇我的观点。

用 undermine her authority 毁掉她的权威

depletion [dɪˈpliːʃn]

n. 消耗；损耗

例 Depletion of the ozone layer leaves the earth's surface increasingly exposed to harmful radiation from the sun. 臭氧层的损耗使地球表面越来越多地暴露在来自太阳的有害辐射之下。

用 ozone depletion 臭氧损耗 the depletion of fish stocks 鱼类资源损耗

mercury [ˈmɜːkjəri]

n. 汞，水银；水银柱

例 The temperature dropped, and the mercury in the thermometer fell to record lows. 温度下降了，温度计中的水银柱降到了历史最低点。

用 the chemical symbol for mercury 汞的化学符号

考 Mercury 's one of the 120 or so elements that make up all matter, and it has the symbol Hg. 汞是构成所有物质的120种元素之一，它的符号是Hg。

damp [dæmp]

adj. 潮湿的 n. 湿气，潮气；沼气 v. 使潮湿；减弱，抑制

例 The rain left everything damp and cool, creating a refreshing atmosphere. 雨水使一切都潮湿凉爽，营造出一种清新的气氛。

用 damp clothes 潮湿的衣服 a cold and damp cottage 一间又冷又湿的小屋

overcome [ˌəʊvəˈkʌm]

v. 克服；战胜

例 She had been through a lot of difficulties, but had overcome them bravely. 她经历过许多困难，但都勇敢地克服了。

用 overcome weakness, despair and fear 战胜软弱、绝望和恐惧 overcome difficulties 战胜困难

transcribe [trænˈskraɪb]

v. 抄录；把……转成（另一种书写形式）

例 The translator was given the task of transcribing the text into pinyin first. 翻译人员的任务首先是把文本译成拼音。

用 transcribe the conversation completely 将对话完全抄录下来

扩 describe v. 描述；描写 prescribe v. 规定；开处方

考 Individual systems can play chess or transcribe speech, but a general theory of machine intelligence still remains elusive. 单独的系统可以下棋或转换语音，但是仍然没有一套关于机器智能的宏观理论。

scale [skeɪl]

n. 规模；等级；刻度；比例 v. 攀登；改变……的大小

例 The scale of the problem is now universally recognized. 这一问题的严重性已经被广泛认识到。

用 underestimate the scale of the problem 低估问题的严重性 evaluate performance on a scale from 0 to 9 按0到9来评估表现

bullet [ˈbʊlɪt]

n. 子弹

例 The detective found a bullet casing at the crime scene, a crucial piece of evidence. 侦探在犯罪现场发现了一个弹壳，这是一个至关重要的证据。

用 bullet wounds 枪伤

appliance [əˈplaɪəns]

n. （家用）电器，器具

例 The sale of electrical appliances this year has increased considerably. 今年电器的销售有了相当大的增长。

用 household appliances 家用电器

credential [krəˈdenʃl]

n. 资格，证明；文凭，资格证书

例 His impressive credentials earned him the job as a senior manager. 他令人印象深刻的资历为他赢得了高级经理的工作。

用 provide him with credentials 向他提供证明

cue [kjuː]

v. / n. 暗示，提示

例 The director gave her a cue , and she delivered her lines with confidence. 导演给了她一个提示，她自信地说完了台词。

用 a cue for more champagne 意味着要喝更多香槟

同 hint v. / n. 暗示，提示

permanent [ˈpɜːmənənt]

adj. 永久的，永恒的；不变的

例 After doing several part-time jobs during the summer, she was now ready to find something permanent . 在暑假期间做了几份兼职工作之后，她现在准备找一份固定工 作。

用 a permanent job 一份固定工作

faculty [ˈfæklti]

n. 科，系，院；能力；全体教员

例 He studied Japanese and English language in the faculty of translation. 他在翻译学院学习了日语和英语。

用 the faculty of understanding complex issues 理解复杂问题的能力 a faculty meeting 全体教师会议 faculty members 全体教师

transient [ˈtrænziənt]

adj. 短暂的；暂住的；临时的

例 The spring in his region was really lovely, but occasionally there were transient cold spells. 他所在地区的春天非常美丽，但偶尔也会有短暂的寒潮。

用 a city with a large transient population 有大量流动人口的城市

同 temporary adj. 临时的，暂时的

反 permanent adj. 永久的，永远的

stumble [ˈstʌmbl]

v. / n. 蹒跚，踉跄

例 He stumbled on the roots of trees as he made his way through the dark woodland. 他在黑暗的树林中行走时，被树根绊了一下。

用 stumble over a rock 在石头上绊了一下 stumble across 偶然发现，无意中发现

考 He and his companions later entered the cave and stumbled across a collection of large clay jars, seven of which contained scrolls with writing on them. 他和伙伴们后来钻进了洞穴里，无意中发现了一堆大瓦罐，其中的七个里面装着写了字的卷轴。

elderly [ˈeldəli]

adj. 上年纪的，老年的

例 A lot of elderly people like to gather in local parks and engage in morning exercise, square dancing or playing chess and other games. 很多老年人喜欢聚集在当地的公园里，参与晨练、广场舞或者下棋等活动。

用 an elderly couple 一对老年夫妇 elderly relatives 年长的亲戚

campaign [kæmˈpeɪn]

n. 运动；活动；战役

例 The advertising campaign was elaborate and very costly. 这次广告宣传活动是精心策划的，并且花费巨大。

用 an anti-smoking campaign 一场反对吸烟的运动 a campaign against ageism in the workplace 一场反对在工作场所存在年龄歧视的运动

考 The campaign focused on New Zealand's scenic beauty, exhilarating outdoor activities and authentic Maori culture, and it made New Zealand one of the strongest national brands in the world. 这场宣传活动集中突出了新西兰的优美风景、各种激动人心的户外项目和原汁原味的毛利文化，它将新西兰塑造成了世界上最强有力的国家品牌之一。

formula [ˈfɔːmjələ]

n. 公式，方程式；方案

例 Many perfumes are made following a chemical formula that has been tested many times. 许多香水都是按照经过多次测试的化学公式制成的。

用 the formula for carbon monoxide 一氧化碳的分子式

扩 formulate v. 规划；用公式表示

intersection [ˈɪntəsekʃn]

n. 交叉；十字路口

例 When the traffic lights broke, the policeman directed the traffic at the intersection . 当交通灯损坏时，警察在十字路口指挥交通。

用 a busy intersection 一个繁忙的道路交叉口

manifest [ˈmænɪfest]

v. 证明；表明，显示

例 He was concerned about her because she was manifesting signs of depression and frustration. 他很担心她，因为她表现出了抑郁和挫败的迹象。

用 manifest a pleasing personality on stage 在舞台上展现出令人喜爱的个性

同 demonstrate v. 证明；表明

考 manifest in different ways 以不同的方式呈现

depression [dɪˈpreʃn]

n. 沮丧；抑郁；萧条

例 After seeing a therapist for a a number of years she eventually recovered from her depression . 经过数年的治疗，她终于从抑郁中恢复过来。

用 suffer from severe depression 患严重抑郁症

扩 depress v. 使沮丧；使萧条

考 It's most commonly used to treat depression . 它最常用于治疗抑郁症。

slide [slaɪd]

v. / n. 滑动，滑行；降低，衰落

例 You can slide the front seats backwards if you need more legroom in the car. 如果在车里需要更多的腿部空间，你可以将前面的座位向后滑 动。

用 slide into decline 出现衰落 slide towards bankruptcy 走向破产

sensation [senˈseɪʃn]

n. 感觉；轰动；感动

例 Floating in zero gravity in space is said to be a very strange sensation . 据说在太空中失重漂浮是一种非常奇怪的感受。

用 a sensation of falling 一种坠落的感觉

扩 sensational adj. 轰动的；令人震惊的

考 Blind people report that so-called “facial vision” is comparable to the sensation of touch on the face. 盲人报告所谓的“面部视觉”类似于触摸脸部的感觉。

undertake [ˌʌndəˈteɪk]

v. 承担；从事；保证，承诺

例 He undertook a number of complicated tasks and spent much of his free time trying to improve the business. 他承担了许多复杂的任务，并花了大量空闲时间试图改善业 务。

用 undertake a task 承担一项任务

考 Algorithms are capable of learning from data to undertake tasks that previously needed human judgement, such as reading legal contracts, analysing medical scans and gathering market intelligence. 算法有能力从数据中学习，从而承担先前需要人类判断力才能完成的各种任务，例如阅读法律合同、分析医疗扫描结果以及收集市场情报。

slab [slæb]

n. （石、木等硬质材料的）厚板

例 The mason laid the concrete slab as a foundation for the building. 泥瓦匠铺设混凝土石板作为建筑物的基础。

用 pave slabs 铺路石板 smooth stone slabs 平整的石板

考 For reasons which remain unclear, Djoser's main official, whose name was Imhotep, conceived of building a taller, more impressive tomb for his king by stacking stone slabs on top of one another, progressively making them smaller, to form the shape now known as the Step Pyramid. 出于至今仍不明确的原因，左塞尔的股肱之臣，名叫Imhotep，想到了要为自己的君主建造一座更高、更令人一见不忘的墓葬：将石板一层层地堆叠起来，每层面积逐步缩小，所构成的形状就是现在为人们所知的阶梯金字塔。

convince [kənˈvɪns]

v. 说服，使信服

例 She would not change her opinion, even though he tried to convince her multiple times. 她不会改变自己的看法，尽管他多次尝试说服她。

用 convince the public 让公众相信

physiology [ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi]

n. 生理学；生理机能

例 The physiology of athletes is closely linked to their performance and achievements in the field. 运动员的生理机能与他们在运动场上的表现和成就密切相关。

用 the department of anatomy and physiology 解剖生理学系

Exercise 01