assume [əˈsuːm] v. 假设,假定;承担;就职
(assumption [əˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n] n. 假设)
speculate [ˈspekjʊleɪt] v. 推测,猜测;投机
(speculation [ˌspekjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n] n. 猜测,推测)
hypothesis [haɪˈpɑːθəsɪs] n. 假设
conjecture [kənˈdʒektʃər] n. 猜想,推测
theory [ˈθiːərɪ] n. 理论
cite [saɪt] v. 引用,提及
quote [kwəʊt] v. 引用
illustrate [ˈɪləstreɪt] v. 说明,表明
imply [ɪmˈplaɪ] v. 暗示,表明
infer [ɪnˈfɜːr] v. 推断,暗示
trend [trend] n. 趋势
tendency [ˈtendənsɪ] n. 趋势,倾向
popularity [ˌpɑːpjʊˈlærətɪ] n. 流行
prevail [prɪˈveɪl] v. 流行,盛行
initial [ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)l] adj. 最初的
immediate [ɪˈmiːdɪət] adj. 立即的
specific [spəˈsɪfɪk] adj. 特定的;明确的
detail [ˈdiːteɪl] n. 细节
familiar [fəˈmɪlɪər] adj. 熟悉的
inferior [ɪnˈfɪrɪər] adj. 较差的,较低的
superior [suːˈpɪrɪər] adj. 较高的,较好的
inevitable [ɪnˈevɪtəbl] adj. 不可避免的
dramatic [drəˈmætɪk] adj. 戏剧性的;突然的;引人注目的
excessive [ɪkˈsesɪv] adj. 过度的,过分的
massive [ˈmæsɪv] adj. 大量的,巨大的
considerable [kənˈsɪdərəb(ə)l] adj. 相当大的,相当多的
abundant [əˈbʌndənt] adj. 大量的,丰富的
overwhelming [ˌəʊvərˈwelmɪŋ] adj. 势不可挡的,压倒性的
sufficient [səˈfɪʃ(ə)nt] adj. 充足的
(self-sufficient [ˌself səˈfɪʃ(ə)nt] adj. 自给自足的)
moderate [ˈmɑːdərət] adj. 温和的
stable [ˈsteɪb(ə)l] adj. 稳定的
adequate [ˈædɪkwət] adj. 充足的,充分的
constant [ˈkɑːnstənt] adj. 不变的,恒定的
lack [læk] v./n. 缺乏
deficiency [dɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nsɪ] n. 缺乏,不足
(deficit [ˈdefɪsɪt] n. 赤字,亏损)
scarce [skers] adj. 缺乏的,不足的
sparse [spɑːrs] adj. 稀少的
spare [sper] adj. 闲置的,空余的
tempt [tempt] v. 引诱,吸引
attempt [əˈtempt] v. 尝试
occur [əˈkɜːr] v. 发生,出现
urge [ɜːrdʒ] v. 催促,推进
fulfill [fʊlˈfɪl] v. 履行,执行
access [ˈækses] n. 通道;机会
accommodate [əˈkɑːmədeɪt] v. 容纳
attract [əˈtrækt] v. 吸引,引起……
appeal [əˈpiːl] v. 有吸引力;上诉
bear [ber] v. 忍受;承担
endure [ɪnˈdʊr] v. 忍受,容忍
claim [kleɪm] v. 声称
convey [kənˈveɪ] v. 传达,传送
deliver [dɪˈlɪvər] v. 传送
expose [ɪkˈspəʊz] v. 暴露,揭露
extend [ɪkˈstend] v. 延伸,伸展
extract [ɪkˈstrækt] v. 提取,提炼
distract [dɪˈstrækt] v. 分散,转移
involve [ɪnˈvɑːlv] v. 包含,涉及
integrate [ˈɪntɪɡreɪt] v. 合并,融入
unite [jʊˈnaɪt] v. 联合
track [træk] v. 追踪 n. 小道
resume [rɪˈzuːm] v. 重新开始,继续
option [ˈɑːpʃ(ə)n] n. 选择
(optional [ˈɑːpʃən(ə)l] n. 可选择的)
commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n. 承诺,责任
engagement [ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt] n. 约定
range [reɪndʒ] n. 范围
tension [ˈtenʃ(ə)n] n. 紧张,焦虑
intense [ɪnˈtens] adj. 强烈的;紧张的
intention [ɪnˈtenʃ(ə)n] n. 意图,打算
internal [ɪnˈtɜːrn(ə)l] adj. 内部的
temporary [ˈtempərerɪ] adj. 临时的,短暂的
transient [ˈtrænzɪənt] adj. 短暂的,临时的
transit [ˈtrænzɪt] n. 运输,运送 v. 通过
transmit [trænzˈmɪt] v. 传输,传送
except for 除了
nonetheless [ˌnʌnðəˈles] adv. 尽管如此,但是
whereas [ˌwerˈæz] conj. 但是
regardless of 不管
occasionally [əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəlɪ] adv. 偶尔
eventually [ɪˈventʃʊəlɪ] adv. 最后,终于
ultimately [ˈʌltɪmətlɪ] adv. 最终
● One prevailing hypothesis is that metamorphic species specialize so as to exploit habitats with high but transient productivity—and hence high potential for growth.
● The Mayan attempt to develop intensive agricultural methods to support large populations in relatively small areas probably was unsuccessful and could have caused the Mayan collapse .
● Although the colonists of seventeenth- and early-eighteenth-century British North America consumed most of the grain (粮食,谷物) produced in the colonial economy, few households were self-sufficient . Instead, they traded with their neighbors for what they did not produce themselves.