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purpose [ˈpɜːrpəs] n. 目的
goal [ɡəʊl] n. 目标，目的
aim [eɪm] n. 目标 v. 瞄准
target [ˈtɑːrɡɪt] n. 目标 v. 瞄准
motive [ˈməʊtɪv] n. 动机，目的
cause [kɔːz] n. 原因，动机
responsible [rɪˈspɑːnsəbl] adj. 负有责任的
accountable [əˈkaʊntəbl] adj. 负有责任的
account for 占到；解释；负有责任
on account of 由于，因为
impact [ˈɪmpækt] n. 影响，作用
influence [ˈɪnflʊəns] n. 影响，作用
effect [ɪˈfekt] n. 影响
consequence [ˈkɑːnsɪkwens] n. 结果；影响
originate [əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt] v. 引起；起源
（origin [ˈɔːrɪdʒɪn] n. 起源 original [əˈrɪdʒən（ə）l] adj. 最初的）
contribute [kənˈtrɪbjuːt] v. 促使；捐助
（contribution [ˌkɑːntrɪˈbjuːʃ] n. 贡献）
attribute [əˈtrɪbjuːt] v. 把……归因于
[ˈætrɪbjuːt] n. 属性，特征
underlie [ˌʌndərˈlaɪ] v. 构成……的基础；作为……的原因
derive [dɪˈraɪv] v. 源于
generate [ˈdʒenəreɪt] v. 产生；引起
（generation [ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn] n. 产生；一代人）
produce [prəˈduːs] v. 产生；引起
（product [ˈprɑːdʌkt] n. 产品）
prompt [prɑːmpt] v. 促使，导致
trigger [ˈtrɪɡər] v. 引发 n. 扳机
yield [jiːld] v. 产生；屈服 n. 产量
induce [ɪnˈduːs] v. 产生
based on 以……为依据
depend on 取决于
rely on 依靠
due to 由于，因为
thanks to 由于
owning to 由于，因为
lead to 导致
therefore [ˈðerfɔːr] adv. 因此
since [sɪns] conj. 因为，由于
hence [hens] adv. 因此
thus [ðʌs] adj. 因此
in that 因为
given [ˈɡɪvn] prep. 鉴于，考虑到 adj. 特定的
stem [stem] v. 源于，由……造成
● In each early literate （能识字的） society, writing had its own function （功能） and purpose .
● Given the advantages these new approaches （方法） offered, it is hardly surprising that sciences associated with （联系） exploration attracted great intellectual interest.
● Halley reasoned that the original ocean was not salty and that subsequently （后来的） salt derived from the weathering （风化） of rocks was brought to the sea by streams. Thus, if one knew the total amount of salt dissolved （溶解） in the ocean and the amount added each year, it might be possible to calculate the ocean's age.