摘要

摘要：能源消耗及相关排放伴随着流通和贸易在企业、部门、区域和国家间发生转移。这种转移既包含在最终消费品中，也包含在中间产品中。随着全球化的发展，中间产品在包含国内国际供应链的全球供应链中广泛流动，但中间产品在能耗转移中的作用尚未得到充分讨论。本书在多区域投入产出（MRIO）模型的基础上提出了中间产品进口模型，构建了LMDI-SDA分解模型，并基于WIOD数据对中国国际国内中间产品流动对能源消费的影响进行了研究。

研究发现，在国际贸易方面，中间产品包含了大量的内涵能源。美国、德国等发达经济体进口了大量的中间产品内涵能源，而俄罗斯等发展中经济体则是中间产品内涵能源的出口者。中国是中间产品内涵能源的进口国，内涵能源逆差较小但价值逆差很大。德国则在中间产品内涵能源逆差巨大的同时实现了中间产品国际贸易的巨大顺差。在国内流通方面，中间产品流通过程对中国能源消费具有重要的促进效应，其原因包括了国内国际需求的中间结构的转变，中间份额的提升和中间效率的下降。

根据这一结果，本书认为通过合理扩大能源密集中间产品进口能够有效替代我国对能源的部分需求，提升中间效率、优化中间结构能够提升我国能源利用水平，对中国能源经济发展具有重要的意义。

关键词：中间产品；内涵能源；国际贸易；产业链

Abstract: Embodied energy transfers within international trade. The energy is embodied in both final products and intermediate products. However, knowledge of energy embodied in intermediate trade which is dominant is deficient. This book deduces the intermediate trade model based on MRIO model, applies LMDI method in SDA approach, and study the energy embodied in international intermediate trade and domestic circulation.

The results shows that significant energy is embodied in the international intermediate product trade. Developed economies such as Germany and the USA import massive embodied energy in intermediate products. Russia and many other developing economies are exporters of embodied energy in intermediate products. In most years,China is an exporter of embodied energy in intermediate products, but the value deficit of China's international intermediate trade is very large. By contrast, Germany obtains an intermediate product trade surplus when it runs an embodied energy deficit. In domestic circulation, the intermediate process contributes a promoting effect to China's energy consumption. The reasons include the shift of intermediate structure, the rise of intermediate market share and the degradation of intermediate efficiency to the domestic and international demands.

According to the empirical results, we suggest that more imports of intermediate product could be a substitute for the demand of energy in China partly, improving the intermediate efficiency and optimizing the intermediate structure will advance China's energy use, which are significant for China's future development.

Key words: Intermediate Products, Embodied Energy, International Trade, Industry Chains