摘要

印度尼西亚（以下简称“印尼”）的政治转型是冷战结束以来亚太地区发生的最重大的事件之一。1997年亚洲金融危机爆发后，经济危机在印尼引发了全面的社会政治危机。苏哈托下台，正式开启了印尼的政治转型进程。美国作为一支重要的外部力量，以各种方式对印尼的政治转型进程施加了影响。本书要回答的问题是：美国为何以及如何积极推动印尼的政治转型进程？美国的活动对印尼的政治转型进程产生了怎样的影响？美国对外扩展民主对中国有怎样的战略意涵？

本书第一章分析了美国对外扩展民主的道德理想追求和现实利益追求，并特别分析了美国积极支持和推动印尼政治转型进程的深刻原因。第二章，考察了亚洲金融危机对印尼政治转型进程之启动的影响及美国在开启印尼政治转型进程中的作用。第三章，研究了美国对印尼选举政治的援助和支持，包括选举援助、选举监督以及支持印尼政党发展等。第四章，重点考察了美国对印尼军政关系民主化改革的影响。第五章，分析了美国对印尼分权改革及地方民主治理活动的支持。本书结论部分，作者评估了美国在印尼政治转型进程中所发挥的作用，分析了美国之所以能够对印尼政治转型进程产生重要影响的条件，并指出了美国对外扩展民主对中国的战略意涵。

本书的研究认为，美国在印尼扩展民主的活动确实影响了印尼的政治转型进程：既推动了印尼民主制度的建设，也促进了印尼社会的民主精神和民主意识的发展。这种影响是以印尼政治转型进程的内在规定性为基础的，也就是印尼自身的社会政治发展决定了印尼政治转型进程的方向，美国作为一种外部因素只是给它施加了一个巨大的推力。也正是由于美国在印尼推进民主时是以印尼的现实为基础的，它的影响才是巨大的，而且可能是长期的。美国在印尼“扩展民主”对亚太地区安全形势及中国地区安全环境的持久和深刻影响值得深入研究。

关键词：美国；印度尼西亚；政治转型；选举政治；军政关系；分权改革；民主治理

Abstract

Indonesia's democratization is one of the major events taken place in the Asia-Pacific Region ever since the end of the Cold War.The 1997 Asian Financial Crisis intrigued serious social and political crises in Indonesia.Suharto's resignation from his presidency was the landmark for Indonesian democratizing process upon which the United States, as an very important external force, has exerted great influence on all way possible ever since.This dissertation tries to provide some thoughts regarding the following questions:Why and how does the U.S.try so hard to promote democracy in Indonesia? To what extent has the U.S.exerted influence on Indonesian democratizing process? And, what is the strategic implication for China in terms of Sino-US relations.

Chapter one provides a detailed analysis of U.S.moral interests and realistic considerations when promoting democracy in other countries,and special emphasis is put on the deep-rooted reasons for U.S.efforts in promoting democracy in Indonesia.Chapter two examines the impact of the Asian Financial Crisis on Indonesian democratizing process,and the role played by U.S.in initiating this process.Chapter three details the U.S.assistance and support to Indonesian electoral politics,including election assistance,election monitoring and aid to Indonesian political parties.Chapter four focuses on the transformation of,and American impact on, Indonesia's civil-military relations.Chapter five gives a comprehensive sketch on American efforts in promoting Indonesian decentralization reform and the local democratic governance.In the concluding part,the author makes a comprehensive assessment on the role U.S.played in Indonesian democratization,and analyzes the prerequisite necessary for U.S.to exert its in fluences,and points out the strategic implications for China.

The author argues that U.S.efforts in promoting democracy do have significant impact on Indonesian democratizing process, and have promoted both the democratic capacity building and the awareness of democracy and rule of law in Indonesia.Moreover,the author points out that it is the internal factors that determine the Indonesian democratizing process,and the U.S.can only add some weight,and speed it up.If it was not that the United States correctly based its efforts on Indonesia's internal socio-political development, the United States would not have exerted such a significant influence on Indonesian democratizing process.

Key Words :U.S.;Indonesia;Democratization;Electoral Politics;Civilmilitary Relations;Decentralization;Democratic Governance