Abstract

The issue of ownership is a major theoretical and practical issue，which runs through the entire process of China's economic development practice，and is therefore a major proposition of Political Economy of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics.This book conducts research on Marxist ownership theory and contemporary Chinese practice from three perspectives：history，theory and practice.

Firstly，this book systematically sorts out the Marxist ownership theory and the historical issues of its Sovietization and Chineseization. Based on the integrity of the basic principles of Marxism，it excavates the development of Marx and Engels from “eliminating private ownership” to “rebuilding individual ownership”，and reveals Lenin's ideological shift from “depriving the depriver” to developing “state capitalism” and the essence of Stalin's “state ownership”. At the same time，the analysis of the characteristics，causes，and dilemmas of the basic economic system based on a single public ownership system in New China from 1949 to 1978 confirms that both the single public ownership and the planned economy have strong resource mobilization ability to achieve rapid industrialization，and also reveals the problems of “substituting government for enterprise” and “integration of government and society” brought by “state ownership”. Combining with the practice of ownership since the reform and opening up，it reveals the two major developments of Marxist ownership theory in China's ownership reforms，namely，it not only realizes “diversification of ownership structure”，but also forms “diversified forms of public ownership”.

Secondly，this book analyzes the fundamental theoretical problems that different forms of ownership have faced since the reform and opening up.On the issue of the organic combination of public ownership and market economy，this book not only digs out the two root causes of “unity of opposites” between public ownership and market economy，that is，the particularity of commodity exchange under public ownership and the applicability of the law of value under socialist conditions，but also sorts out the three stages of “management mechanism reform”，“institutional structure innovation” and “micro-subject reconstruction” experienced by the state-owned enterprises since 1978，it is proved that the state-owned enterprises can truly become the micro-main body of “self-management and self-financing”. On the issue of epistemology of the non-public ownership economy，on the one hand，this book sorts out the evolution of the non-public ownership economy from “a necessary and useful supplement to the public ownership economy” to “an important part of the socialist market economy”，on the other hand，by combing and analyzing the theoretical manifestations and internal reasons of the erroneous thoughts such as “the theory of national advance and people's retreat”，“the theory of national retreat and people's advancement”，“ownership neutrality”，we reiterate the adherence to the “two unwavering” in order to deal well with the relationship between the public ownership economy and the non-public ownership economy.

Furthermore，this book focuses on the practical issues of socialist ownership with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，the deepening reform practice of state-owned enterprises in the New Era，including classification reform，making state-owned capital stronger，better and larger，and the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics，have made original contributions to the Marxist theory of ownership.In addition，research on ownership issues in the New Era should respond to high-quality development issues. This paper starts from the two clues of innovation and development of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises，and sorts out the difficulties，advantages and breakthrough directions of innovation of different ownership economies，and puts forward that the New Era should focus on building innovation platform of state-owned enterprises under the “New National System”. Private enterprises should make full use of their advantages in innovation power and new technology diffusion to achieve an effective transformation from imitation to innovation，from independent innovation to cooperative innovation.

Key Words ：Marxist ownership theory；Public ownership；State-owned enterprises；Private enterprises；Political Economy of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics