摘要

相对于居民收入差距，农户收入差距是一个更为尖锐但尚未引起足够重视的问题。本书提炼出的科学问题：中国农村地区社会结构变迁背景下的社会资本转换对农户收入差距的作用机制。

本书遵循“理论研究（构建分析框架）→实证研究（奠定微观基础）→政策研究（提出改进措施）”的逻辑思路，以中国农村经济社会转型的现实为出发点，以缓解农户收入差距的矛盾为落脚点，规范研究与实证研究相结合。其中，理论研究注重揭示社会结构变迁、社会资本转换对农户收入差距的影响机制与作用机制，为实证研究构建理论分析框架，并提出研究假设。实证研究在描述性统计、理论模型推导、数值模拟演绎的基础上，采用中国综合社会调查（CGSS）的农村样本数据，运用再中心化影响函数（RIF）回归、无条件分位数回归（UQR）等估计技术验证研究假设。政策研究部分基于稳健的研究结论提出以“缩小农户社会化差距”为核心的矫正农户收入差距的政策体系。

本书的主要研究内容与结论归纳如下：（1）基于社会结构变迁背景下的社会资本理论拓展，构建了包含地域型社会资本和脱域型社会资本的新型社会资本理论体系。（2）通过社会资本转换作用于农户收入差距的理论分析框架，提出了社会资本通过“资本欠缺”和“回报欠缺”两个过程影响农户收入差距的作用机制。（3）采用社会资本转换影响农户收入差距的数理模型，演绎了社会资本分化扩大农户收入差距的作用过程。（4）验证了脱域型社会资本影响农户收入差距的研究假设，发现新型的脱域型社会资本更有利于增加富裕农户的收入，进而使农户收入差距扩大。（5）验证了地域型社会资本影响农户收入差距的研究假设，发现传统的地域型社会资本并未明显影响农户收入差距。

与已有研究相比，本书可能的创新点主要体现在三个方面：（1）提出了脱域型社会资本概念的形成机制与评价体系。（2）构建了不同社会资本作用于农户收入及收入差距的机制与路径。（3）验证了脱域型社会资本刺激农户收入差距扩大的作用过程。

关键词：农户收入差距；社会结构变迁；脱域型社会资本；地域型社会资本

Abstract

Relative to the income gap of residents, the income inequality in rural China is a more acute problem which has not yet been paid enough attention.This book summarizes the scientific issues focused on: the mechanism of social capital transition on income inequality in rural China under the background of social structure change.

Following the logical thought of theoretical research, empirical research and policy research, this book aims to alleviate the contradiction of income inequality in rural China.Theoretical research reveals the mechanism of social structure change and social capital transition on income inequality in rural China, to construct the theoretical analysis framework for empirical study, and put forward the research hypotheses.In empirical research, based on the descriptive statistics, theoretical model and numerical simulation, this book uses the data of Chinese General Social Survey（CGSS）, and the methods of Recentered Influence Function（RIF）Regression and Unconditional Quantile Regression （UQR）to verify the research hypotheses.In policy research, based on the robust research results, this book puts forward a policy system to rectify the income inequality in rural China, whose core lies in narrowing the socialization inequality in rural China.

The main contents and conclusions of thisbook are summarized as follows:（1）Putting forward the theoretical category of social capital under the background of social structure change, finding that social capital is divided into disembedding social capital and embedding social capital.（2）Constructing a theoretical analysis framework of the effect of social capital transition on income inequality in rural China, finding that social capitals affect income inequality in rural China through the process of capital deficit and return deficit.（3）Deducing the mathematical model of the impact of social capital transition on income inequality in rural China, finding that the differentiation of social capital expands income gap of farmers.（4）Verifying the research hypothesis of disembedding social capital influencing income inequality in rural China, finding that the disembedding social capital is more conducive to increase the income level of the rich farmers, thus stimulating the expansion of income inequality in rural China.（5）Verifying the research hypothesis of embedding social capital influencing income inequality in rural China, finding that the traditional embedding social capital does not significantly affect the income inequality in rural China.

Compared with the existing research, the innovations of this book are mainly summarized as follows:（1）Putting forward formation mechanism and quantitative system of disembedding social capital.（2）Setting up the mechanism and path of different social capital on income and income inequality in rural China.（3）Verifying the role of disembedding social capital in the process of widening the income inequality in rural China.

Key Words: Income Inequality in Rural China, Social Structure Change, Disembedding Social Capital, Embedding Social Capital