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Resource-based regions refer to the economic regions developed by the exploitation and processing of one or more non-renewable resources.The economic transformation of resource-based regions is a worldwide problem. In the process of economic transformation，it is inevitable to encounter such problems as resource development and compensation，resource industry recession and assistance，the continuation of new and old industries，development and ecological environment，and so forth.Therefore，this research studies the path innovation of resource-based regional economic transformation from the ecological perspective.Taking the typical and representative resource-based regional economic transformation in China as an example，through theoretical research and empirical analysis，the research applies the resource curse theory，economic transformation theory，resource dependence theory and sustainable development theory，selects typical regions for such empirical analysis as ecological compensation standard，path locking effect，and evaluation of resource-based regional economic transformation，The research explores the path of resource-based regional economic transformation from the ecological perspective，and establishes the ecological compensation mechanism suitable for the development of resource-based regional economy so as to achieve the coordinated development of ecology，economy and society.Meanwhile，by establishing the game incentive mechanism and the long-term mechanism of sustainable development of resource-based regions，the research puts forward specific measures for the ecological transformation path of resource-based regions，solves various adverse selection and moral hazard problems in the economic development of resource-based regions，provides targeted measures and countermeasures for the government to formulate economic transformation and upgrading policies，so as to promote the transition of resource-based regional economic growth modes and achieve the goal of resource-based regional economic transformation.
The core of the research is to coordinate the relationship between economic development and ecological environment，and initially establish the research framework system of resource-based regional economic transformation path innovation from the ecological perspective.The traditional mode of “high-intensity development and low-level utilization” in resource-based regions cannot meet the needs of China’s current economic development any more，and it is urgent to solve the development bottleneck and ecological dilemma in the path of economic transformation.Therefore，by studying the economic transformation path innovation of resource-based regions in the ecological perspective，this research comprehensively analyzes the coupling relationship between the construction of ecological civilization and the economic transformation of resource-based regions，the characteristics of the path dependence of economic transformation in resource-based regions，the conditions for breaking the “lock-in” state，the standards and mechanisms of ecological compensation for resource-based regions and proposes the development path of resource-based regional economic transformation in terms of institutional innovation，industrial restructuring and regional interaction，so as to achieve the balance of interests of all parties in economic transformation.
Based on the resource curse theory，economic transformation theory，sustainable development theory and path selection theory，the research defines the resource-based regions according to the spatial distribution and life cycle；according to the definition and division of resource-based regions，it analyzes the path dependence of economic development of different resource-based regions，and establishes the evaluation system of resource-based regional economic transformation.The following issues are systematically illustrated：What is the lock-in effect of industrial path dependence in resource-based resource areas？How can the mechanism of path dependence be established？What are the corresponding unlocking conditions？What are the transformation effects of different resource-based regions？How can the difficulties of resource-based regional development be solved？On the theoretical basis and hypothesis，using econometrics and game theory，the research examines the problem of coal rent dissipation and governance in resource-based regions caused by path locking effect，and further analyzes the interest game in economic transformation；it defines the connotation of ecological compensation，and applies dynamic simulation to analyze the loss of ecological service value and restoration cost in the resource exploitation area to determine the ecological compensation standard；from a multi-dimensional perspective，it puts forward different types of resource-based regional economic transformation and innovation path，and makes a case study of resource-based regions in Henan Province.The contents of this study are as follows：
（1） The analysis framework of path dependence has been introduced.The research discusses the reasons for the lock-in of resource-based regional development path，analyzes the path locking effect of 44 resource-based cities，puts forward the idea of transforming resource-based industry from path dependence to path innovation，and proposes the unlocking conditions of industrial path dependence in resource-based regions from six aspects：production factors，demand conditions，related and supporting industries，enterprise strategic structure and horizontal competition，opportunity and government，In addition，taking environmental protection policy optimization as an example，the unlocking mechanism is designed.These have enriched the quantitative research of path dependence theory.
（2） The evaluation system of resource-based regional economic transformation has been improved.Based on the background of high-quality development，this study quantitatively evaluates the economic transformation of resource-based regions from the four dimensions：industrial economic level，resource utilization and protection level，ecological environment level and social security level.It makes an empirical analysis on the resource-based regions in the Yellow River Basin.The evaluation results divide the resource-based regions of the Yellow River basin into three types，and show that the common difficulties of regional economic transformation are the way of resource-based industries path dependence，unclear development ideas，insufficient system supply and lack of people-oriented concept.It suggests specific path references for different resource-based regional economic transformation.
（3）The game incentive mechanism for all stakeholders has been established in the process of economic transformation.Based on the principle of incentive compatibility，this research studies the problems of rent dissipation and governance in mining rent-seeking in resource rich regions.By using location entropy and Nelson method，considering the interest game of system innovation，technological progress，industrial structure upgrading and resource allocation，it analyzes the interest game among the multi-agent （Central Government，local government，enterprises，residents） in economic transformation，constructs a policy framework in which the interests of the central and local governments tend to be consistent，and proposes the countermeasures to solve the problem of mining rent-seeking dissipation.Moreover，through the method of simulation experiment，the incentive mechanism of interest game of factor change is established to realize the coordinated development of three-dimensional composite system of ecology，economy and society.
（4） The mechanism of dynamic ecological compensation has been constructed.By applying the theories of resources，energy，ecology and environment economics，this research systematically analyzes the causes and formation mechanism of resource ecological environment problems，and studies the composition of ecological compensation standards.From the perspective of regional division of labor and ecological equity，it puts forward the viewpoint of dynamic ecological compensation of resource-based regional economic transformation，determines the standard of ecological compensation through dynamic simulation，constucts the assessment and supervision mechanism of ecological compensation，and takes Pingdingshan City as an example for empirical analysis.
（5） The economic transformation of resource-based regions has been discussed from multi-dimensional perspectives.According to the different orientations of regional main functions，this research discusses the path selection of resource-based regional economic transformation from the perspective of land space，institutional innovation，industrial evolution and regional interaction.Fully considering the resource endowment and location conditions，combining the distribution and management status of various resources in resource-based regions，and based on absorbing the existing research results and advanced experience，it offers some suggestions for the economic transformation path which are suitable for the resource-based region’s various resource endowments and economic development characteristics，so as to promote the effective management and reasonable flow of resources，and serve the economic development of resource-based regions.
（6） The transformation modes of resource-based regional economy in Henan have been discussed.Based on the current situation of regional development，transformation pressure and transformation conditions，it analyzes the economic transformation modes of Jiaozuo and Pingdingshan，deeply studies the common problems existing in resource-based regions and the transformation strategies and measures，which can lay a solid foundation for the realization of economic transformation in resource-based regions.
The economic transformation of resource-based region is a complex research issue，which is not only related to economic issues，but also related to environmental issues，ecological issues，and social issues.This study deeply analyzes the path of resource-based regional transformation from the perspective of sustainable development theory.However，there are a few deficiencies，which need to be further improved.
Key words： the resource-based regions；ecological perspective；economic transformation；innovation path