摘要

摘要： “一带一路”倡议源自中国，但属于世界。共建“一带一路”已经走过了九年，中国抓住了千载难逢的机遇，取得了一系列骄人的成就。尽管前进路上遇到了种种挑战与问题，但并未束缚共建“一带一路”坚实发展的步伐。作为往来于中国与欧洲以及其他共建“一带一路”国家的集装箱国际铁路联运班列，中欧班列的安全、顺畅、稳定运行，为“一带一路”倡议顺利实施提供了强有力的基础保障，并已经成为畅通国内国际双循环、协同带动后疫情时代世界经济复苏的强劲动力。

中欧班列以其所具有的时效性、稳定性、协同性、创新性与开放性等特点，取得了多方面发展成就：中欧班列开行数量一路攀升，货运规模持续扩大，中欧班列正沿着“丝绸之路”为中国西部地区经济开放发展开辟一条新的通道；中欧班列运输货物种类繁多，国际交流范围逐渐拓宽；中欧班列畅通新冠肺炎疫情“生命通道”，维护国际供应链安全稳定；中欧班列网络覆盖范围持续扩大，规模经济效应初步显现；中欧班列相关重要站点发展良好，郑州、重庆、成都、西安、义乌等重要站点步入常态化运营阶段，取得了较突出的成绩。

中欧班列运营也遇到不少问题：边境口岸通行能力不足，沿线基础设施尚不完善；铁路运输规则中外各异，运营成本高企；回程进口货源量少质低，返程空箱率较高导致运力浪费；政府财政补贴依赖过度，逆向激励企业抢夺货源；中欧班列国内竞争无序，效率损失和资源浪费严重等。

推动中欧班列高质量发展，实现以中欧班列为重要抓手推动“一带一路”倡议顺利实施，需要综合施策：完善基础设施，增强口岸通行能力；统一国际标准，提升班列通关效率；开拓欧洲市场，积极组织回程货源；依据市场导向，规范政府行政干预；强化顶层设计，协调各方竞争关系；以互联互通为重点，加强数字基础设施建设；培养国际物流人才，建设一支高素质的中欧班列人才队伍。

关键词： “一带一路”倡议；中欧班列；高质量发展

Abstract: The Belt and Road initiative is initially derived from China,but it also becomes the treasure to the whole world.Since the joint effort put in the Belt and Road initiative from countries around,it has been going on for nine years.At the meanwhile,China has seized a golden opportunity and has achieved a series of impressive achievements.Although there are encountered various challenges and problems on the way forward,it has not constrained the pace of solid development of the Belt and Road Initiative.As a container international railway intermodal train between China and Europe and other countries along the Belt and Road,the safe,smooth and stable operation of the CHINA RAILWAY Express provides a strong foundation for the smooth implementation of the Belt and Road initiative,and has become a powerful driving force for the unimpeded dualcirculation in international and domestic market and coordinated promotion of world economic recovery in the post-epidemic era.

With its characteristics of timeliness,stability,synergy,innovation and openness,the CHINA RAILWAY Express has made many development achievements.The number of CHINA RAILWAY Express has risen all the way,and the scale of freight has continued to expand.The CHINA RAILWAY Express is opening up a new channel for the economic opening up and development of China's western region along the Silk Road.The CHINA RAILWAY Express transports a wide variety of goods,and the scope of international exchanges has gradually broadened.The CHINA RAILWAY Express has smoothed the“life channel”of the COVID-19 epidemic and maintained the security and stability of the international supply chain.The coverage of the CHINA RAILWAY Express network has continued to expand,and the economy of scale has initially emerged.The important stations related to the CHINA RAILWAY Express have developed well,such as Zhengzhou Station,Chongqing Station,Chengdu Station,Xi'an Station,Yiwu Staion,etc.have now entered the stage of normal operation and achieved outstanding development results.

The operation of the CHINA RAILWAY Express has also encountered many problems:insufficient communication capacity at border ports and imperfect infrastructure along the line; different railway transport rules at home and abroad,and high operating costs;low quantity and low quality of return imports,and an increase in the waste of transport capacity; excessive dependence on government financial subsidies,incentivizing enterprises to seize the source of goods; disorderly domestic competition on CHINA RAILWAY Express,serious loss of efficiency and serious waste of resources.

To promote the high-quality development of CHINA RAILWAY Express and promote the smooth implementation of the Belt and Road initiative with the CHINA RAILWAY Express as an important starting point,comprehensive measures are needed:improve infrastructure and enhance port capacity; unify international standards and improve the efficiency of customs clearance of trains; open up the European market and actively organize the return supply; standardize government administrative intervention according to market orientation; strengthen top-level design and coordinate the competitive relationship between all parties;strengthen digital infrastructure construction with a focus on interconnection; cultivate international logistics talents.Build a high-quality team of CHINA RAILWAY Express talents.

Key Words: the Belt and Road initiative; CHINA RAILWAY Express; high quality development