①Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." ②With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to. 【2017年Text 3】

31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he ______.

[A] praised the UK for its GDP

[B] identified GDP with happiness

[C] misinterpreted the role of GDP

[D] had a low opinion of GDP

[分析] 根据Robert F. Kennedy定位到第一段，肯尼迪曾说过：GDP可以衡量一切，却唯独不能衡量让生活有价值的事物。第二段顺承第一段，提到政策制定者长期以来就对GDP的作用颇有微词，认为GDP衡量着不重要的事物，却遗漏了重要的事物（It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do），语意上与肯尼迪的观点遥相呼应。从annoyed，a flawed concept则可以明显看出政策制定者对GDP的负面评价。由此可见，第一段中肯尼迪对GDP的态度也是负面的，选项[D]正确。

①If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. ②In such a case, the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. ③Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.【2011年Text 3】

34. Toyota Motor's experience is cited as an example of ______.

[A] responding effectively to hijacked media

[B] persuading customers into boycotting products

[C] cooperating with supportive consumers

[D] taking advantage of hijacked media

[分析] 该段指出了被劫持媒介对企业的影响以及企业正确的应对方式。句①指出被劫持媒介会危及企业声誉。句②指出媒介被劫持后企业的状况：可能反应不够快，考虑不够全面，却能迅速学会如何应对。而句③就以丰田汽车召回事件为例，说明企业应如何快速有效地应对被劫持媒介。句③中的这一事例是对句②观点的证明。故答案为选项 [A] 。

①Habits are a funny thing.②We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. ③“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. ④In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative implication. 【2009年Text 1】

21. In Wordsworth's view, “habits” is characterized by being ______.

[A] casual

[B] familiar

[C] mechanical

[D] changeable

[分析] 该段文字主要介绍了人们对“习惯”的一贯认识。句③是作者引用Wordsworth的话， 这句话表明Wordsworth对于习惯的看法——习惯使人们不善于思考，同时也说明了Wordsworth对习惯的否定态度。这种对习惯的负面评价是人们长期持有的态度，殊不知“培养新习惯可以促进创新思维”，作者在下文针对习惯形成和创新之间的关系进行了讨论。人们一贯认为“习惯”具有模式化、程式化的特点，故选项 [C] mechanical为答案。

①"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. ②Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. ③Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. ④Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos. 【2017年Text 2】

26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates ______.

[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy

[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society

[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times

[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time

[分析] 该段句① 即利留卡拉尼女王言论的内容——古代夏威夷人是天文学家。接下来第句②又说，在夏威夷社会，观星者属于最有名望的人群。可见，天文学在古代夏威夷一定是盛行的，至少是被重视的。而在句③中，作者对比了天文学在今天所遭受的冷遇，与在古代形成反差，也突出了天文学在古代的重要性。选项[B]符合文意，故为正确答案。

①"There is one and only one social responsibility of business," wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, "That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits." ②But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders' money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. ③New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption. 【2016年Text 3】

31. The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with ______.

[A] tolerance

[B] skepticism

[C] uncertainty

[D] approval

[分析] 该段句①说明了米尔顿·弗里德曼的观点：企业的社会责任只是追求利润。句②则表明了作者的态度：但即使你接受了米尔顿·弗里德曼的这个假设，事情也可能并非绝对泾渭分明。由此可以看出，作者对于弗里德曼的观点持怀疑态度。从作者的用词（But，even if，premise），很容易看出作者对弗里德曼提出的假设并不认同。选项[B]与此相符，故为正确答案。

① "Short-termism" or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England's top economist, Andrew Haldane. ②He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like "children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once" rather than putting them aside to be eaten last. 【2019年Text 1】

22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate ______.

[A] the conditions for generating quick profits

[B] governments' impatience in decision-making

[C] the solid structure of publicly traded companies

[D] “short-termism” in economic activities

[分析] 该段句②指出，知名经济学家安德鲁·马歇尔引用了阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔用来描述financial impatience（金融浮躁）的话。阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔将金融浮躁比喻成迫不及待吃掉布丁中梅子的孩子，选项[D]中的short-termism（只注重短期效益的思维方式）是文中financial impatience的同义替换，故为正确答案。

①There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. ②PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. ③Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. ④This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. ⑤The TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck. 【2017年Text 1】

23. The word “expedited” (Line 3, Paragraph 5) is closet in meaning to ______.

[A] quieter

[B] faster

[C] wider

[D] cheaper

[分析] 针对上文指出的机场候检长队，本段句①为运输管理部门提出了可行的措施，即加强预检程序。可见，预检程序目的是为了加快安检，接着句②提到具体细节，即预检对旅客和运管部门是双赢的。句③解释了预检对旅客的好处：通过预检的乘客，有资格使用______安检通道。由上述信息可推知，该安检通道应该会节约旅客的安检时间，加快安检速度，故选项[B]“更快的”符合推理，为正确答案。

①For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. ②If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people. 【2010年Text 3】

34. The underlined phrase “these people” in Paragraph 4 refers to the ones who ______.

[A] stay outside the network of social influence

[B] have little contact with the source of influence

[C] are influenced and then influence others

[D] are influenced by the initial influential

[分析] 本段文字为作者关于社会潮流传播的观点。these people所在句说明了形成社会潮流的真正因素：每一个直接受到有影响力人士影响的人（each person so affected）必须影响他们身边的熟人（must then influence his or her own acquaintances），这些受到影响的人又要进一步去影响他们的熟人（must in turn influence theirs），如此延续。而这些人（these people）受到的关注则与那些最初有影响力的人没有关系。these people就近指代前文提到的acquaintances who must in turn influence theirs，即那些受到身边人影响进而继续影响他人的人，故选项 [C] 正确。