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We now live in an age of instant images and emojis , when 10,000 copies of a picture can be flung around the world in seconds by sliding a finger half an inch across a phone screen. This would have been unbelievable and unimaginable 20 years ago. But it is in the world of hand-copied manuscripts 1,000 years old or more that the digital revolution has had some of its most profound and obvious beneficial effects. What may have taken three years to write out can today be printed out in three seconds. There are now tens of thousands of once unique documents which have been digitized and placed online for anyone to access all around the world, and this is a vast, democratizing wonder.
Take, for example, the Parker Library in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, which contains the scholarly plunder of monasteries dissolved under Henry VIII during the Reformation and collected by Archbishop Matthew Parker. It has been digitized in a project with Stanford University, and in 2018 the site was opened to all comers to browse after 10 years behind scholarly paywalls. What is astonishing is not just the texts themselves, but the pictures: the illuminations on some of the manuscripts show off the fertility and vividness of the medieval imagination.
Digitized collections of these sorts cannot entirely substitute for real libraries. To touch with your own hand a parchment from a medieval monk is an experience no screen can offer, but it is one which must always be restricted to a lucky few. There are some things so old and fragile that even being looked at may damage them. The caves at Lascaux had to be closed to protect the paintings from the breath of tourists and replaced by a virtual display.
Yet in some ways these copies are better than the originals. Reproductions of a high enough quality make obvious detail that's invisible to the native eye. What's more, digital collections can be gathered on one screen from across the globe. The International Dunhuang Project reunites on screen tens of thousands of Buddhist scrolls and artifacts in western China. What is possible with this one collection should fairly soon be possible with all the scholarly digitized manuscripts of the world. The hope is to bring them under one system of classification so that they can quickly be searched and sorted no matter where they came from and where they now are stored.
The world may always prefer cat gifs to ancient manuscripts, but the translation from parchment to pixels reminds us of the humanistic optimism with which the web came into the world, and shows that much of it was not misplaced at all.
6. The word “emojis” (Line1, Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.
[A] memos
[B] emoticons
[C] emotions
[D] information
7. By citing the Parker Library, the author intends to ______.
[A] condemn the behavior of Matthew Parker as immoral
[B] exemplify the worth and value of its distinctive documents
[C] describe the measures and effects of digitizing the manuscripts
[D] display the fertility and vividness of the medieval imagination
8. According to Paragraph 3, the purpose of closing the caves at Lascaux is to ______.
[A] carry on the restoration of the paintings
[B] prevent the paintings from being damaged
[C] show the wonder effect of virtual display
[D] reduce the number of tourists
9. Classifying the digitized manuscripts in one system is beneficial to ______.
[A] collecting much more valuable materials
[B] quickly retrieving and sorting documents
[C] consulting materials from all over the world
[D] saving time and energy of searching documents
10. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] The Impact of Digital Revolution Era
[B] The New Era of Traditional Manuscripts
[C] Accessibility of Old Manuscripts All Around the World
[D] Digital Revolution Makes Manuscripts More Illustrating
[文章大意] 文章主要探讨了如今的数字化革命为手抄本带来的积极影响。数字化革命不仅可以保护脆弱的真本免受损害，而且可以高度还原手抄本原件的细节、方便人们检索。身处快速且便捷的电子图像时代，我们要乐观看待数字化革命。
[篇章结构]
6. 单词emojis（第一段，第一行）在意思上最接近于 ______。
[A] 备忘录
[B] 表情符号
[C] 情感
[D] 信息
[试题类型] 语义理解题。
[解题思路] 由题干关键词emojis和Line 1, Paragraph 1定位至文章第一段第一句。该句提到，我们如今生活在一个即时图像和emojis的时代，只需手指在手机屏幕上滑动半英寸，一张图片的上万张副本就可在几秒内传遍全世界。emojis和instant images之间由and连接，可知其意思应与instant images（即时图像）相近，结合四个选项，只有选项[B]“表情符号”与“即时图像”意思相近，故选项[B]为正确答案。
[干扰排除] 选项[A]“备忘录”、选项[C] “情感”和选项[D] “信息”均与“即时图像”的意思不相近，与文章内容不符，故均排除。
7. 通过引用帕克图书馆的例子，作者旨在 ______。
[A] 谴责马修·帕克的不道德行为
[B] 举例说明其独特文献的价值
[C] 描述手稿数字化的措施和影响
[D] 展示中世纪（人们）想象力的丰富性和生动性
[试题类型] 篇章结构题。
[解题思路] 由题干关键词Parker Library可定位至文章第二段。该段以帕克图书馆为例，讲述了帕克图书馆馆藏的背景，其藏品被数字化并向公众免费开放后，公众对藏品文本和图片的惊叹。整个段落以帕克图书馆为例，举例说明手稿数字化的过程和结果。故选项[C]“描述手稿数字化的措施和影响”为正确答案。
[干扰排除] 第二段首句提到，帕克图书馆保存了宗教改革时期亨利八世解散的修道院的学术掠夺品，由大主教马修·帕克收藏，这只是介绍了其馆藏的背景，并没有对马修·帕克的行为进行道德评判，故排除选项[A]“谴责马修·帕克的不道德行为”。选项[B]意思是“举例说明其独特文献的价值”，原文并没有提及这方面的内容，故可排除。第二段最后一句指出，一些手稿中的插图展示了中世纪（人们）想象力的丰富性和生动性，与选项[D]“展示中世纪（人们）想象力的丰富性和生动性”表述一致，但这并不是作者引用帕克图书馆的意图，只是说明了人们看到帕克图书馆数字化藏品后的反应，惊叹其插图的丰富性和生动性，故可排除。
8. 根据第三段可知，关闭拉斯科洞穴的目的是 ______。
[A] 对壁画进行修复
[B] 避免壁画受到损害
[C] 说明虚拟展示的神奇效果
[D] 减少游客数量
[试题类型] 具体信息题。
[解题思路] 由题干关键词Paragraph 3和Lascaux可定位至文章第三段最后一句。该句指出，拉斯科洞穴不得不关闭，采用虚拟手段展示，以保护其岩画免受游客呼吸的损害。选项[B]“避免壁画受到损害”与原文表述一致，故为正确答案。
[干扰排除] 选项[A]“对壁画进行修复”和选项[D]“减少游客数量”在原文中并未提及，故可排除。原文第三段最后一句只是提到了关闭洞穴，用虚拟展示代替，并没有提到虚拟展示的效果，故选项[C]“说明虚拟展示的神奇效果”无中生有，应排除。
9. 将这些数字化手稿进行系统分类有益于 ______。
[A] 收集更多有价值的资料
[B] 快速进行文献检索和分类
[C] 查阅世界各地的资料
[D] 节省查找文献的时间和精力
[试题类型] 具体信息题。
[解题思路] 由题干关键词Classifying和the digitized manuscripts可定位至文章第四段第五、六句。第五句指出，这一项目（国际敦煌项目）所能做到的，应该很快就能在世界上所有的学术数字化手稿上实现。接着第六句指出，希望可以对这些数字化手稿进行系统分类，以便可以跨越源址、藏址进行快速检索和分类。由此可知，对数字化手稿进行系统分类有益于快速检索和分类，选项[B]“快速进行文献检索和分类”与原文描述相符，故为正确答案。
[干扰排除] 选项[A]“收集更多有价值的资料”和选项[D]“节省查找文献的时间和精力”原文并未提及，故排除。原文第四段第三句提到“数字藏品可以将全球各地的藏品汇集到一个屏幕上”，并不是说对数字化手稿进行分类方便人们查阅世界各地的资料，属于偷换概念，故选项[C]“查阅世界各地的资料”可排除。
10. 下列哪一项为本文的最佳标题？
[A] 数字化革命时代的影响
[B] 传统手抄本的新时代
[C] 全世界古老手抄本的可获得性
[D] 数字化革命使手抄本焕发生机
[试题类型] 主旨要义题。
[解题思路] 由题干关键词the best title可知本题为主旨要义题。全文首段提出，数字化革命为传统手抄本带来了一些积极影响：罕见文献转化为数字化图像，传至网络可供世界各地的人们查阅。第二段以帕克图书馆为例，说明了当代数字化革命的具体举措。第三段和第四段分析数字化革命带来的益处：保护脆弱的真本免受损害、高度还原原件细节以及方便人们检索。最后一段总结全文，表明人们应以乐观的态度看待数字化革命。由此可见，全文主要讲述了数字化革命对传统手抄本的积极影响。选项[D]“数字化革命使手抄本焕发生机”更为准确地概括了全文，故为正确答案。
[干扰排除] 选项[A]“数字化革命时代的影响”，该选项提到了数字化革命的影响，但未明确指出其影响的对象，范围过大，应排除。文中虽然提到了传统手抄本因为数字化革命的一些新的变化，但全文主线应包含两个部分，数字化革命和传统手抄本，选项[B]“传统手抄本的新时代”只包含了传统手抄本，属于以偏概全，应排除。文章首段最后一句提到，现在已有成千上万曾经罕见的文献被数字化，并放到网上供世界各地的人们查阅，但这是指数字化后的手抄本，并非世界上所有的手抄本，故选项[C]“全世界古老手抄本的可获得性”不符合原文表述，故可排除。
P1 ①We now live in an age of instant images and emojis , when 10,000 copies of a picture can be flung around the world in seconds by sliding a finger half an inch across a phone screen. ②This would have been unbelievable and unimaginable 20 years ago. ③But it is in the world of hand-copied manuscripts 1,000 years old or more that the digital revolution has had some of its most profound and obvious beneficial effects. ④What may have taken three years to write out can today be printed out in three seconds. ⑤There are now tens of thousands of once unique documents which have been digitized and placed online for anyone to access all around the world, and this is a vast, democratizing wonder.
[语篇分析]
本段引出话题：数字化革命为传统手抄本带来了一些积极的影响。句①②说明了数字化革命带来的影响在20年前是难以置信和无法想象的。unbelievable 和unimaginable表明了这种影响之大。句③④⑤以But引出转折，说明数字化革命为古代手抄本带来的改变。句③采用了it is...that...的强调句式，引出数字化革命为古代手抄本带来的深远影响。句④⑤则是在句③基础上的展开说明：以前可能需要花上3年时间才能写出来的东西，如今只需3秒就能打印出来。现在已有成千上万曾经罕见的文献被数字化，并放到网上供世界各地的人们查阅，这是一项巨大的大众化奇迹。
[词汇突破]
fling /flɪŋ/ v. 扔，抛，丢： He crumpled up the letter and flung it into the fire. 他把信揉成一团，猛地扔进火中。
manuscript /ˈmænjuskrɪpt/ n. 手稿，原稿；手写本，手抄本： medieval illuminated manuscripts 中世纪的装饰过的手抄本
digitize /ˈdɪdʒɪtaɪz/ vt. 使数字化： The record company digitized the songs and made them available on the Internet. 唱片公司把这些歌曲数字化后传到互联网上供网民获取。
democratize /dɪˈmɒkrətaɪz/ vt. 使大众化： The magazine's goal is to democratize art. 这家杂志的宗旨是使艺术大众化。
[句式分析]
③ 【连词】 But 【强调结构】 it is 【状语】 in the world of hand-copied manuscripts 1,000 years old or more 【强调结构】 that 【主语】 the digital revolution 【谓语】 has had 【宾语】 some of its most profound and obvious beneficial effects .
本句的主干结构是...the digital revolution has had...beneficial effects。it is...that...强调结构对句子的状语in the world of hand-copied manuscripts进行强调，1,000 years old or more作后置定语，修饰hand-copied manuscripts，指“一千多年的手抄本”。
⑤ 【there be结构】 There are 【时间状语】 now 【主语1】 tens of thousands of once unique documents 【定语从句】 which have been digitized and placed online for anyone to access all around the world , 【并列连词】and 【主语2】 this 【系动词】 is 【表语】 a vast, democratizing wonder .
本句是由and连接的并列句，前一分句是there be结构，其主干结构是There are now tens of thousands of once unique documents，其中which引导的定语从句修饰先行词documents，在该定语从句中，for anyone to access all around the world作目的状语。后一分句是主系表结构，其主干结构是this is a vast, democratizing wonder。
P2 ①Take, for example, the Parker Library in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, which contains the scholarly plunder of monasteries dissolved under Henry VIII during the Reformation and collected by Archbishop Matthew Parker. ②It has been digitized in a project with Stanford University, and in 2018 the site was opened to all comers to browse after 10 years behind scholarly paywalls. ③What is astonishing is not just the texts themselves, but the pictures: the illuminations on some of the manuscripts show off the fertility and vividness of the medieval imagination.
[语篇分析]
本段以剑桥大学圣体学院的帕克图书馆为例说明古代手抄本数字化的情况。句①介绍帕克图书馆的背景情况：其保存了宗教改革时期亨利八世解散的修道院的学术掠夺品，由大主教马修·帕克收藏。句②说明其藏品数字化并在网上公布的情况：这是一个与斯坦福大学合作的项目，并在网站上面向公众免费开放。句③说明人们看到数字化藏品时的惊喜反应。
[词汇突破]
plunder /ˈplʌndə(r)/ n. 抢劫，掠夺；劫掠物，侵吞物： The thieves hid their plunder in the woodshed. 窃贼们把他们抢劫来的东西藏在了柴房里。
monastery /ˈmɒnəstri/ n. 修道院
archbishop /ˌɑːtʃˈbɪʃəp/ n. 大主教
illumination /ɪˌluːmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. （旧时书上通常用手工绘制的）彩饰，彩图
fertility /fəˈtɪləti/ n. 想象力丰富
P3 ①Digitized collections of these sorts cannot entirely substitute for real libraries. ②To touch with your own hand a parchment from a medieval monk is an experience no screen can offer, but it is one which must always be restricted to a lucky few. ③There are some things so old and fragile that even being looked at may damage them. ④The caves at Lascaux had to be closed to protect the paintings from the breath of tourists and replaced by a virtual display.
[语篇分析]
本段及下段阐述了古代手抄本数字化的益处。本段说明了第一个益处就是能使脆弱的真本免遭损害。句①指出数字化的手抄本有别于真本。句②③指出亲手触摸古代手抄本非绝大多数人所能享受，并且这种近距离观赏也会对手抄本造成损害。句③中的so...that...句式表明真本的年代久远及脆弱程度，以至于直接观赏也会对其造成损害。句④以拉斯科洞穴岩画为例说明一些藏品以数字化方式展示的必要性。
[词汇突破]
substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/ v. 代替，取代： Nothing can substitute for the advice your doctor is able to give you. 大夫所能给你的忠告是无可替代的。
parchment /ˈpɑːtʃmənt/ n. 羊皮纸文献
medieval /ˌmediˈiːvl/ adj. 中世纪的
fragile /ˈfrædʒaɪl/ adj. 易碎的；脆弱的： fragile glass 易碎的玻璃制品
[句式分析]
② 【主语1】 To touch with your own hand a parchment from a medieval monk 【系动词1】 is 【表语1】 an experience 【定语从句1】 no screen can offer , 【并列连词】 but 【主语2】 it 【系动词2】 is 【表语2】 one 【定语从句2】 which must always be restricted to a lucky few.
本句是一个由but连接的并列句，前一分句的主干是To touch with your own hand a parchment...is an experience...，其中不定式结构To touch with your own hand a parchment from a medieval monk作主语，is为系动词，an experience 作表语，其后的no screen can offer是一个定语从句，修饰先行词an experience，由于关系代词that/which在定语从句中作宾语，所以这里省略that/which。后一分句的结构和前一分句一样，也是主系表结构，其主干为it is one，其后是由which引导的定语从句，修饰one，这里one指代前一分句中的an experience。
P4 ①Yet in some ways these copies are better than the originals. ②Reproductions of a high enough quality make obvious detail that's invisible to the native eye. ③What's more, digital collections can be gathered on one screen from across the globe. ④The International Dunhuang Project reunites on screen tens of thousands of Buddhist scrolls and artifacts in western China. ⑤What is possible with this one collection should fairly soon be possible with all the scholarly digitized manuscripts of the world. ⑥The hope is to bring them under one system of classification so that they can quickly be searched and sorted no matter where they came from and where they now are stored.
[语篇分析]
本段承接第三段，阐释数字化举措的另外两个益处：高度还原原件的细节及方便人们检索。句①为主题句：在某些方面，这些数字化复制品优于原件，其后各句则是对其的阐述。句②说明数字化藏品能使某些肉眼看不到的细节清晰可见。句③通过What's more，说明数字化藏品的另一优势：将全球各地的藏品汇集到一个屏幕上。句④⑤⑥则以国际敦煌项目为例，说明敦煌文物数字化的进展及影响。句④说明国际敦煌项目的工作内容，句⑤说明该项目的影响，句⑥则表明对这些数字化手稿进行系统分类的希望。
[词汇突破]
reproduction /ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃn/ n. 复制品： a catalogue with colour reproductions of the paintings for sale 这些画作的彩色图样商品目录
scroll /skrəʊl/ n. （带有文字的）卷轴，长纸卷
artifact /ˈɑːtɪfækt/ n. 人工制品，手工艺品（尤指有历史或文化价值的）： The caves contained many prehistoric artifacts. 这些洞穴里有许多史前的手工制品。
[句式分析]
⑥ 【主语】 The hope 【系动词】 is 【表语】 to bring them under one system of classification 【结果状语从句】 so that they can quickly be searched and sorted 【让步状语从句】 no matter where they came from and where they now are stored.
本句的主干结构是The hope is to bring them under one system of classification...，其中，主语是The hope，系动词是is，表语是to bring them under one system of classification。so that引导结果状语从句，说明“对这些数字化手稿进行系统分类”的结果，该状语从句的主干结构是they can...be searched and sorted...，no matter where...引导让步状语从句，这里指“跨越源址和藏址”。
P5 The world may always prefer cat gifs to ancient manuscripts, but the translation from parchment to pixels reminds us of the humanistic optimism with which the web came into the world, and shows that much of it was not misplaced at all.
[语篇分析]
本段对全文进行总结，希望人们以乐观的态度看待古代手抄本数字化的发展。本段由一个长句子构成，逗号之前的部分说明当前世界的现状：人们可能更喜爱猫的动图而非古代手抄本，逗号之后以but构成转折，说明古代手抄本数字化会让人想起互联网诞生时人们的乐观态度，这是合乎时宜的，我们应积极看待这一现象。
[词汇突破]
translation /trænzˈleɪʃn/ n. 转变；转化： the translation of theory into practice 从理论到实践的转化
pixel /ˈpɪksl/ n. 像素
misplaced /ˌmɪsˈpleɪst/ adj. 不合时宜的；不适宜的： misplaced optimism 不应有的乐观精神
[句式分析]
【主语1】 The world 【谓语1】 may always prefer 【宾语1】 cat gifs 【状语】 to ancient manuscripts, 【连词1】 but 【主语2】 the translation from parchment to pixels 【谓语2】 reminds 【间接宾语】 us 【谓语2】 of 【直接宾语】 the humanistic optimism 【定语从句】 with which the web came into the world , 【连词1】 and 【谓语3】 shows 【宾语从句】 that much of it was not misplaced at all.
本句是由but连接的并列句。but前一分句的主干结构是The world may...prefer cat gifs to ancient manuscripts，其中主语是The world，谓语是may...prefer，宾语是cat gifts，状语是to ancient manuscripts。but后一分句的主干结构是the translation...reminds us of the humanistic optimism...and shows that...，其中主语是the translation，其后from parchment to pixels作后置定语修饰the translation，指“从羊皮纸向电子图像的转变”，谓语是reminds...of...和shows，reminds...of...的间接宾语（通常是“人”，谓语动词的间接承受者，表示动作的方向/对谁做/动作的目标/为谁做）是us，直接宾语（通常是“物”，谓语动词直接指向的承受者）是the humanistic optimism，with which the web came into the world是“介词+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，对先行词the humanistic optimism进行修饰。shows的宾语由that引导的宾语从句充当。
我们如今生活在一个即时图像和“表情符号”的时代，只需手指在手机屏幕上滑动半英寸，一张图片的上万张副本就可在几秒内传遍全世界。这在20年前是难以置信和无法想象的。然而正是在历经一千多年的手抄本世界里，数字化革命已经产生了一些极为深远且明显的有益影响。以前可能需要花上3年时间才能写出来的东西，如今只需3秒就能打印出来。现在已有成千上万曾经罕见的文献被数字化，并放到网上供世界各地的人们查阅，这是一项巨大的大众化奇迹。
以剑桥大学圣体学院的帕克图书馆为例，该馆保存了宗教改革时期亨利八世解散的修道院的学术掠夺品，由大主教马修·帕克收藏。在与斯坦福大学合作的一个项目中，该藏品已被数字化，（将其数字化的）网站在2018年面向大众免费开放，此前10年该网站都需要学术付费。令人惊叹的不仅仅是文字本身，还有图片：一些手稿中的插图展示了中世纪（人们）想象力的丰富性和生动性。
这些数字化馆藏不能完全取代实体图书馆。亲手触摸中世纪修道士的羊皮纸文献的感受是任何屏幕都无法提供的体验，但这种体验总是仅限于少数幸运者。有些东西是如此古老和脆弱，即使是看一眼也可能会损坏它们。拉斯科洞穴不得不关闭，采用虚拟手段展示，以保护其岩画免受游客呼吸的损害。
然而，在某些方面，这些数字化复制品优于原件。高质量的复制品使某些肉眼看不到的细节清晰可见。更重要的是，数字藏品可以将全球各地的藏品汇集到一个屏幕上。国际敦煌项目将中国西部成千上万的佛经卷轴和文物数字化，使其跃然屏幕。这一项目所能做到的，应该很快就能在世界上所有的学术数字化手稿上实现。希望可以对这些数字化手稿进行系统分类，以便可以跨越源址、藏址进行快速检索和分类。
人们可能更喜爱猫的动图而非古代手抄本，但从羊皮纸向电子图像的转变让我们想起了互联网诞生时的人文乐观主义，并表明这种乐观主义在很大程度上并没有错。