购买
下载掌阅APP,畅读海量书库
立即打开
畅读海量书库
扫码下载掌阅APP

Welfare State and Equality in Sport Policy in Finland-10 years follow up study from 1999 to 2009

Kimmo Suomi PhD,Professor in Sport Planning

Department of Sport Sciences,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences,University of Jyvskyl,FINLAND

Introduction :Purposes of the study were:firstly,to compare how citizens can get sport facility services during ten years 1999-2009 in the Republic of Finland and Finland was the case study object of the research;secondly,to get information which variables influence most to equality for getting sport facility services due to the fact that last ten years Nordic countries has develop both in public(state,counties,cities and rural municipalities)and in third sector(national sport federations,regional sport organizations and local sport clubs)especially sport policy which supports welfare policy.The main aims in this policy are:(1)to support the growth of youngsters.(2)to add health sport among adults.(3)to strengthen functional capacity of aged people so that they can live longer time in their own homes alone or with their own family.Sport policy means that it is officially the part of general welfare policy and linked strongly to health and social policy at all level:state,counties,cities and rural municipalities.Political parties have same goals in this policy because that kind of sport policy means better welfare for the whole nation.

Method :Ten years ago in 1999 we implemented postal inquiry(N=3000)among adults and their children)aged 18-75 years and during 2009 we collected new follow up data(N=2000).We got the right to use national address register from state authorities and we did the stratified sample in the register.Stratified variables were:age,sexes,location of home apartment,educational and professional background and do adults live alone or with children.In 1999 we sent every second month 500 postal inquiries and in 2009 333 postal inquiries were sent every second month.The reason was that we wanted to eliminate the influences of the weather and seasons of the year,because they influence very much to individual sport behavior e.g.the average day temperature from winter season to summer season varied in Finland about 80 degrees last year from-42°C to+38°C.In 2009 we got 1 000 postal inquiries less than before because the administration system changed in Finland and we have no more provinces’governments.

Result and conclusion :Most important findings were that adults used more other infrastructures than facilities and venues which were built just for sport purposes.Most popular facilities were pedestrian areas in the cities and nature environments in rural areas.During last ten years sport participation of adults has changed to softer direction.Most popular physical exercises were walking,jogging,Nordic sticking,and biking and swimming in summer time,skiing in winter time.Most important variables which added participation of physical exercises were long education in years which guaranties enough good profession and incomes-so population can use more money for getting better sport facility services.Female farmers had lowest(25%)participation to physical exercises and male students groups had highest participation rate(100%)in physical exercises.Inequality has increased in ten years,because 40% of adults used more sport facility services,but in the same time 42% used less sport facility services than ten years ago.The conclusion is that if we want to avoid the increasing of inequality for getting sport facility services,we have to add very much especially local,non standard sport facilities without any payments in the living districts. Ph+WMDaZ0L08kfhIebXWpRPFrOQdLwxbhCPI/R11lpBIS42Yv2ooPqIz8flxn1s8

点击中间区域
呼出菜单
上一章
目录
下一章
×