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Tactics is aiming at success． In general，during the preparation for a match the coach and his players． Work out a plan of action which should lead to the defeat of the opponent but at times，it is not only on winning but it could be directed at achieving a draw． ［3］
战术的目的就是赢取比赛。总的来说，在赛前，教练和他的球员会制定一套击败对手的行动方案，但有时，这套方案不仅包括如何赢取比赛而且包括如何保住平局的目标。
The team must be aware of the opponent´s tactics． They should consider the weakness and strength of the opponent as well as their own abilities． Then you can plan and exploit these situations to succeed．
This is one of the advantages of game observations：You reflect on it and plan your system． The opponent should be critically observed without exaggeration．
球队必须注意对手的战术，同时要分析对手的优、劣势及自己的能力特点，这样球队就可以以此制定计划应对相应局面而取胜。
这就是比赛观察的优势之一：认真分析观察到的现状后决定球队的阵型打法。当然，观察对手要客观。
The most important aspect of tactics should be seen in：重要的战术内容应体现在：
1）a tactical plan which is worked out before a match．
赛前拟定的战术计划；
2）effective tactical actions which result from a concrete competitive situations．
能导致创造性比赛情景的有效战术行动。
In planning and executing your tactics you need more than thinking and running：
在制定和实施战术时，你的球员不仅仅要有思维和奔跑能力：
1）you need a physical proportion to keep the game going for more than 90 minutes．
要合理分配体能应对超过90分钟比赛的要求；
2）the skill level has to be high：To be able to control the ball in any situation and to play it wherever you want it to go．
技能水平要高：能在任何场景控球并能向预想方向发展；
3）you need knowledge and intelligence of the game，to be able to plan a strategy，to improvise and to beat the opponent by elements of surprise．
要具有比赛知识和比赛智能，能设计行动策略，能根据比赛临时调整战术，并能出其不意的击败对手。
Physically the players should be courageous to take risks to dash，create space，fight and to put into force their own tactics． Many actions are so fast that the phase of perception is followed immediately by anticipation or“reading”of the probable development of the game situation，not allowing an analysis with finding mental solutions． Anticipation is based on a very intensive perception，competitive experience and a highly developed reaction speed． In other words，you need tactics in defense to prevent goals and in attack to score goals．
从体能方面来讲应鼓励球员冒险猛冲、创造空间、对抗并发挥自己的战术。足球比赛中的许多行为非常迅速，对比赛场景变化的感知是大脑对比赛局势可能发展的及时预判或“预测”，而不是通过从头脑中寻求分析方法。预判的基础是要具备非常敏锐的直觉、非常丰富的比赛经验及高度发展的反应速度。总之，你既要有阻止对手进球的防守战术又要有能得分的进攻战术。
New words and expressions
tactical adj．战术（的）。
be defined as：定义为……，规定为……
define v．给……下定义definition n．定义
take into account考虑
be aware of知道，意识到
opponent n．对手，敌手，反对者adj．敌对的，反对的，对面的
［1］The modern systems put so much emphasis on defending the team´s own goal that the whole team is permanently changing from attack to defense and vice versa．
汉译： 现代阵型非常强调保卫球队本方球门，即整个球队阵型随着比赛中攻防转换的变化而不断变化。
解析： 此句中包含两个知识点，put emphasis on意为把重点放在……上，例如with 5 and 6 year olds，put less emphasis on skill development，more emphasis on discovery．例外此句需注意so…that句型。
［2］Players make a system but a system doesn´t make players．
汉译： 球员决定阵型而不是阵型决定球员。
解析： 此句重点领悟英语中make一词。此为成为、办成等意。
［3］In general during the preparation for a match the coach and his players work out a plan of action which should lead to the defeat of the opponent but at times，it is not only on winning but it could be directed at achieving a draw．
汉译： 总的来说，在赛前，教练和他的球员会制定一套击败对手的行动方案，但有时，这套方案不仅包括如何赢取比赛而且包括如何保住平局的目标。
解析： 此句中In general意为一般说来，我们在分析一个复
杂句时，通常先将该句的主干成分找出，这样易于我们理解。此句主语为the coach and his players，it指的是the plan． Draw在此意思为平局、平手，可做动词或名词。