Abstract

Established in the late 19th century the International Olympic Committee （IOC）is best known as an independent autonomy organization governed by elites.This organizational model is based on Coubertin's Olympic concept with education as its core and referring to organizational structure of the “Henry regatta”combined with French sport spirit.The essence of model is the self-selection of reverse delegation.This organizational model successfully resisted outside interventions in a unrest of international arena and survived and developed through endless crises.Olympic autonomy was fundamentally set up on the basis of amateur sport.After World War II，with a rapid development of the Olympic movement，the contradiction between the expansion of the Olympics and scarce resources available for them became increasingly acute，leading to the IOC's serious crisis in the 1970s.As a result，the IOC launched historically its famous Olympic marketing program in 1980s and made a great success，which provided enormous resources to the Olympic system and set a solid economic foundation for the IOC and formed a strong links among the IOC and its working partners as International Sports Federations and National Olympic Committees and others.The Olympic movement thus went into a new stage of development.

However，the market-oriented mode of operation of the Olympic Games，inevitably led the IOC quickly into the economic field，which has profoundly changed the organization in terms of its structure and operational mechanism.Of course，the IOC is still a non-profit organization，but it is also a company like with huge commercial interests.The nature of its organization is neither pure public as before，nor is the business oriented to profit pursuing，but a mixed state of quasi-public and quasi-commercial.This change pushed the former amateur sport organization into the core operational mechanism of social-economic area.Its own inherent deficiencies have been exposed，such as the lack of law rule，the structural issues，inadequate norms，the lack of supervision and so on.The most difficult problems faced by the IOC and other similar international sport organizations are corruption，doping，fixed matches and illegal betting.The IOC have tried very hard to take control of the situation by conducting a series of adjustments in order to adapt to new environment both inside and outside their organizations，for instance，to establish the Court of Arbitration for Sport，the World Anti-Doping Agency and most importantly the IOC ethics Commission with especial purpose of anti-corruption.But these measurements seem not enough to cope with the problems so the governing crisis of the organization continually bothered its leaders，the same situation is true to other international sports organizations like the FIFA.

Since 1990s the concept of good governance has become popular in various social sectors all over the world.The so-called good governance is a social management process to maximize the benefits to all parties involved through positive interactions among them.This concept is particularly important to the IOC and other international sports organizations in term to improve the organizational mood.In recent years，a growing number of international sports organizations began to turn to good governance to reform their organization operations.The most influential document is the “Basic Universal Principles of Good Governance of the Olympic and Sports Movement”（2008）.

Unlike business corporates and other social organizations the governance of international sports organizations has their special features which derived from sports.Sports are humane oriented，with various layers and patterns.It is the nature of sport that makes the IOC and other international sports organization different in their governance，such as they have multidimensional goals，vicious levels，diverse organizational forms，and international dimension，etc.Therefore，the governance of the IOC and other international sports organizations cannot copy the business organization or other social organizations.

Governance of international sports organizations involves in a variety of complex contradictory relationship，in terms of its organization，relationship of mass sports and elite sports in vertically dimension and horizontally the IOC，IFs and NOCs.There are also interactions with their external environment，in terms of public authorities and legal agencies and there are also commercial organizations，a large number of stakeholders.So the new international sport order will be not dominated by any single party but a result of a network-like interaction.Based on this idea，the IOC and other international sports organizations have to seek consensus from the Olympic concept，to improve themselves through multi-party interactions and to innovate their autonomy in a open world.