DAY 02

account to 对……负责；对……做出解释

词 account [əˈkaʊnt] v. 认为；视为 n. 账户；账号；解释，说明；赊购

真 While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.当围绕环境以及我们对环境的责任的讨论仍然集中在购物袋和吸管上时，我们正在忽视权利的平衡，这意味着作为“消费者”，我们购物时必须注意可持续发展的问题，而不是作为“公民”要求政府和各行业承担起推动真正系统性变革的责任。 ［2019年英语（二）阅读］

embody in 体现在……，使具体化

例 Our creativity should embody in the natural protection not the natural destruction.我们的创造力应该体现在保护自然，而不是破坏自然上。

拓 be embodied in 包含；收录

under stress 在压力之下；在受力时

真 It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us.它（心理健康）就好像身体的免疫系统，在面临压力、处于营养不足或缺乏运动时可能会变得虚弱，但它从不会离我们而去。 ［2016年英语（一）翻译］

拓 under pressure 在压力之下

come true 成真，成为现实

真 You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.你们是梦想成真的幸运后继者。 ［2012年英语（一）阅读］

thousands of 数以千计的……，成千上万的……

真 thousands of volunteers 成千上万的志愿者 ［2017年英语（二）阅读］

accord with 同……相符合；与……一致

真 Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded:“We do not attract what we want, but what we are.”由于欲望和意志会因为同欲望背道而驰的思想的存在而受到损害，艾伦得出如下结论：“我们所吸引的往往不是自己渴望得到的东西，而是我们自身。” ［2011年英语（一）阅读］

拓 with one accord 一致地 ‖ of one's own accord 自愿地；主动地

think of 想到；想出

真 Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them.如果争论是一场对抗，正如我们往往认为的那样，那么卡耐基就是对的。 ［2019年英语（一）阅读］

brand...as 把……归为或列为（不好的事物）

真 We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out.我们要么把他们当作未来的美国人来欢迎，要么把他们列为终将被驱逐的异类。 ［2013年英语（二）阅读］

identify with 理解；认同

例 You cannot only play the role that you identify with the character.你不能只扮演你认同的角色。

be grateful for 对……心存感激；感恩

真 Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.与之相反，每天对细小的事物心存感恩是一种更好的提升幸福感的方式。 ［2016年英语（二）阅读］

think back 回想，回忆

真 And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can't remember the journey well because we didn't pay much attention to it.随后，当回想整个旅程时，由于我们没有对此太过留意，所以记忆会模糊。 ［2015年英语（二）翻译］

engage with 与……接洽；与……建立友好关系；与（某人）交战

真 Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.例如，在今年早些时候的召回危机中，丰田汽车用一场相对迅速且精心策划的社交媒体回应活动，挽回了部分损失，这些活动包括在推特和社会新闻网站Digg上直接与消费者交流。 ［2011年英语（一）阅读］

have nothing to do with 与……无关

真 Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy's decision to quit his job.尽管这是一个有趣的话题，但它与论题所讨论的“环境如何影响萨米决定放弃自己的工作”没有任何联系。 ［2008年英语（一）阅读］

拓 have little to do with 和……有些关系；和……关系不大

return the/a favor 回报，报答

真 This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.奎因说，这可能会让老鼠更好地记住早些时候把它（机器人老鼠）放出来的事，并希望当它们被困时，机器人老鼠能回报它们。 ［2020年英语（二）阅读］

拓 owe sb.a favor 欠某人一个人情

be applicable to 适用于；能应用于

真 A lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.后者带来的教训同样适用于前者。 ［2005年英语（一）阅读］

go through with 将（决定的事）进行到底；完成

例 go through with the research 将研究进行下去

make fun of 取笑，嘲笑

真 But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it.但是这似乎是办公室语言的讽刺之处：每个人都嘲笑它，但是经理们却对此青睐有加，公司依赖它，普通人也乐于接受它。 ［2015年英语（二）阅读］

拓 laugh at 嘲笑；因……而发笑 ‖ mock [mɒk] v. 取笑，嘲弄；愚弄 ‖ ridicule [ˈrɪdɪkjuːl] v. 嘲笑，嘲弄

make efforts to/make an effort to 做出努力

真 Several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment.几家快时尚公司已经在努力控制它们对劳动力和环境的影响。 ［2013年英语（一）阅读］

拓 it takes effort to（做某事）需要付出努力 ‖ with effort 吃力

in touch with 同……有联系，和……有接触

真 “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor.哈佛大学的教授塔尔·本-沙哈尔说：“健康的乐观主义意味着不脱离现实。” ［2014年英语（二）阅读］

拓 get in touch with 与……联系，与……接触 ‖ keep/stay in touch (with)（与……）保持联系，保持接触 ‖ be out of touch (with)（与……）失去联系 ‖ lose touch (with)（与……）失去联系

nothing more than 无非，仅仅，只不过

真 “Dare to be different, please don't smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in.“敢于与众不同，请不要吸烟！”一个旨在减少青少年吸烟的广告牌宣传活动提出了这样的忠告——这些青少年无非是想融入他人。 ［2012年英语（一）阅读］

拓 nothing but 仅仅，只不过 ‖ merely [ˈmɪəli] ad. 仅仅

rather than 而不是

真 Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere.其次，把资金和注意力投向科学而不是其他领域，这肯定是一件好事。 ［2014年英语（一）阅读］

without question 毫无疑问

真 Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.毫无疑问，近几十年来，制造业遭受了重大打击，而进一步的贸易协议引发了新的冲击是否会影响制造业的问题。 ［2017年英语（二）阅读］

拓 there is no doubt that...毫无疑问……‖ without doubt 毫无疑问 ‖ beyond doubt 毫无疑问 ‖ out of question 毫无疑问的，没有问题的

stake out 声称对……拥有所有权；用桩标出（地）界；监视

词 stake [steɪk] v. 用桩支撑；用……打赌或冒险；资助 n. 桩；赌注

真 That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions.这一裁决导致了商业方法专利申请的激增，最初是新兴的互联网公司试图对特定类型的在线交易保有专有权。 ［2010年英语（一）阅读］

拓 at stake 在胜败关头；在紧要关头；冒风险

relate to 涉及，有关

真 This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.这让我们减少对北美市场的依赖成为必然，因为北美市场的节目涉及的经历和文化传统与我们的不同。 ［2005年英语（一）翻译］

拓 concerning [kənˈsɜːnɪŋ] prep. 涉及，关于

place a burden on 增加……的负担

例 Road traffic accidents place a major burden on the healthcare system.道路交通事故给医疗保健系统带来了沉重的负担。

拓 burden sb.with（使）某人担负 ‖ bear/carry/shoulder a heavy burden 承受/担负/肩负重担

tens of thousands of 成千上万，数以万计

真 Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year.尽管存在贸易竞争和外包，美国的制造业每年仍然需要置换成千上万要退休的婴儿潮时期出生的工人。 ［2017年英语（二）阅读］

hundreds of millions of 数亿的

真 The companies that Dr.Curtis turned to—Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers' lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.柯蒂斯博士求助的公司包括宝洁、高露洁和联合利华，它们已经投入了数亿美元，寻找消费者生活中的微妙线索，以便企业能利用这些线索引入新的生活习惯。 ［2010年英语（二）阅读］

pray for 祈祷，祷告

例 Let's pray for world peace and make joint efforts to build a brighter future.让我们为世界和平祈祷，为创造一个更加光明的未来而共同努力。

invest in 投资；买进

真 Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm's efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty.那些要求从公司获得高额季度利润的短期投资者可能会阻碍公司在投资长期研究或建立客户忠诚度方面的努力。 ［2019年英语（一）阅读］

be eager to 渴望，盼望

真 According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for establishing disease correlations.根据汉斯·绍尔所说，各公司都渴望获得建立疾病相关性的专利。 ［2012年英语（二）阅读］

拓 be keen to 渴望，迫切希望 ‖ be keen on 热衷于 ‖ yearn for 渴望 ‖ long for 渴望

come into one's own 显出价值；得到承认；施展才能

例 This car really comes into its own on rough ground.这辆汽车在崎岖的路上才真正显示出它的性能。

keep track of 了解……的动态；与……保持联系；记录……

真 Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.那样的话，你所写的一页页的内容就更容易找到，而且，如果你不得不把某个段落剪下来放在其他地方，你也不会因此丢掉背面的任何文字。 ［2008年英语（一）阅读］

拓 lose track of 不了解……的动态；与……失去联系

clean up 清理，清除；整治

真 The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests.美国财务会计准则委员会和国际会计准则理事会正是这样做的，例如，整治股票期权和养老金方面的规则来对抗特殊利益集团的敌意。 ［2010年英语（一）阅读］

拓 clear up 清理，打扫；天气放晴

open up 开启，打开

真 “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.盖茨说：“每一本书都开启了通向知识的新通道。” ［2018年英语（二）翻译］

part of 部分

真 Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.造成这个问题的部分原因是机场拥有的安检通道空间有限。 ［2017年英语（一）阅读］

拓 in part 部分地；在某种程度上 ‖ partially [ˈpɑːʃəli] ad. 部分地；在一定程度上

common sense 常识

真 Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense.心理健康是一颗种子，蕴含着自信——相信自己和信赖自身常识的能力。 ［2016年英语（一）翻译］

拓 make sense 有意义，讲得通；有道理

from the outset 从一开始

例 From the outset it was clear that he was guilty.从一开始他有罪这件事就很明显。

拓 from the very beginning 从一开始

in favor of 支持，赞成；有利于

真 in favor of diffusionism 赞成文化传播论 ［2009年英语（一）阅读］

拓 be for 赞成，支持 ‖ oppose [əˈpəʊz] v. 反对 ‖ be against 反对

be seen to be 被看到成为；被视为

真 Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking.英国皇家儿科及儿童健康学院院长特伦斯·斯蒂芬森教授说，吃不健康食品应该被视为与吸烟或酗酒一样危害巨大。 ［2011年英语（二）阅读］

拓 be seen as 被视为 ‖ be considered as/to be 被视为 ‖ be regarded as 被视为

or else 或者，要不然就是；否则，要不然；否则后果不妙

真 Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need.坐下来阅读，而与工作相关的想法却像飞轮一样转个不停——或者，你太疲惫不堪了，读一本有挑战性的书是你最不想做的事。 ［2016年英语（二）阅读］

拓 or rather 更准确地说，倒不如说

talk of 谈到，说起

真 Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.现在，即使是该计划最坚定的一些支持者也在谈论一个面临债务、人口下降和低增长的“百慕大三角”大陆。 ［2011年英语（二）阅读］

拓 talk about 谈论，讨论 ‖ when it comes to 说起，谈及，提及

turn off 关闭，关掉（灯、电视、收银机或电源等）

例 Let's turn the television off and go to the cinema.咱们关了电视，去看电影吧。

拓 switch off 关掉，关闭（电源、电灯等）

look inside 往里看，向内看

真 Each subject was then invited to look inside.随后每一位调查对象都会受邀查看（容器的）内部。 ［2018年英语（一）完形填空］

in depth 深入地，全面地

例 Graduate students pursue a specific aspect of a subject in depth.研究生深入研究某一学科的某一方面。

拓 thoroughly [ˈθʌrəli] ad. 彻底地，完全地

work for 为……工作，效劳

例 Smith have been working for the law firm for more than 20 years.史密斯已经在这家法律事务所工作20多年了。

拓 work as 做，担任……职务 ‖ work on致力于，从事

come to fruition 实现；完成；取得成果

真 Indeed, predictions of such a society have been around for two decades but have not yet come to fruition.事实上，关于这样一个社会的预言已经存在了20年，但尚未实现。 ［2013年英语（二）完形填空］

拓 come into being 形成，产生

in exchange (for) （作为……的）交换

词 exchange [ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ] n./v. 交换

真 In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.在卷尾猴的世界里，葡萄是奢侈品（比黄瓜受欢迎多了）。因此，当一只猴子用代币换回一颗葡萄时，另一只猴子不愿意用代币仅换回一片黄瓜。 ［2005年英语（一）阅读］

拓 exchange A for B 用A换B

be interested in 对……感兴趣

真 Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place.Other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.千禧一代可能对于接替他们的职位并没有多大兴趣。其他行业也在以类似或更高的薪酬招聘他们。 ［2017年英语（二）阅读］

拓 be intrigued by 被……迷住，对……十分好奇

set limits on 对……加以限制

真 “If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes—by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events,” he said.他说：“如果我们真的大胆一点，我们甚至可以像对待香烟一样，通过严格限制广告、植入式广告和体育赛事的赞助来思考高热量快餐的问题。” ［2011年英语（二）阅读］

lean towards 倾向于

真 “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and leans toward R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.一位研究人员说，“快乐的人比普通人更有前瞻性、更有创造力，更倾向于研发，这的确似乎是合理的。” ［2016年英语（二）完形填空］

拓 lean against（背）靠着；斜靠

vary from...to... （根据情况）变化

词 vary [ˈveəri] v. 变化，改变；有不同，相异

真 During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%.在20世纪90年代末，国家在社会科学和人文科学上的支出占所有研发基金的比例——包括政府、高等教育、非营利组织和企业——从4%到25%不等。 ［2013年英语（一）阅读］

shrug off 摆脱；对……不予理睬

例 German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession.德国和巴西的报业已经摆脱了不景气。

not long ago 不久前

真 Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S.workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S.economic performance.不久前，随着美国进入经济衰退期以及日本处于泡沫前的顶峰，美国的劳动力被嘲笑受教育程度低，并且是美国经济表现不佳的主要原因之一。 ［2009年英语（一）阅读］

拓 before long 不久以后，很快

rest on 依靠，依赖；（目光等）停留在……上

真 Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.良好的治理建立在对每个个体固有价值的理解之上。 ［2017年英语（一）阅读］

拓 lie in 在于

keep...away from 使……远离；回避

真 Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.蚂蚁让食肉昆虫远离蚜虫觅食的地方；谷歌邮箱使垃圾邮件发送者远离我们的收件箱。 ［2018年英语（二）阅读］

with confidence 满怀信心地，有把握地，放心地

真 Mr.Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with confidence trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure on which the transaction runs.”施密特先生将其描述为一个“自愿的生态系统”，在这个系统中，“个人和组织可以放心地完成在线交易，信任彼此的身份以及交易所运行的基础设施的身份。” ［2011年英语（二）完形填空］

拓 boost/increase sb.'s confidence 增强某人的自信心‖ shake/damage sb.'s confidence 动摇/损害某人的自信心

appear to 似乎，看起来

真 Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.不足为奇的是，看起来重要又令人信服的、新发表的发现声明和可信的发现将永远乐于接受质疑和潜在的修订，或来自未来研究人员的反驳。 ［2012年英语（一）阅读］

拓 seem to 似乎

provide sth.for sb. 为某人提供某物

真 provide a comfortable life for their children 为他们的孩子提供舒适的生活 ［2016年英语（二）阅读］

拓 supply/providesb.with sth.为某人提供某物 ‖ furnish sb./sth.with sth.为某人/某物提供某事物

be expected to 有望，被期待

真 If software promises to save lives on the scale that drugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharma has done.如果软件能够像现在的药物能做到的那样拯救生命，那么大数据就有望像大型制药公司那样发挥作用。 ［2018年英语（一）阅读］

pledge to 承诺，保证

词 pledge [pledʒ] v. 承诺，保证

真 It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.它还承诺不会部署用途会违反国际法或侵犯人权的人工智能。 ［2017年英语（二）阅读］

拓 promise to do sth.承诺做某事

substitute for 代替，取代

词 substitute [ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt] v. 代替 n. 代替者；代替物

真 And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.反之亦然，高同情可以代替低内疚。 ［2019年英语（二）阅读］

拓 replace A with B 用 B 代替 A

wait for 等待

真 wait for confidence to return 等待信心的回归 ［2010年英语（二）阅读］

拓 expect for 期待，期盼

draw (sb.'s) attention to 吸引（某人的）注意，令（某人）注意

真 These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.他们表示，这些捐助者在他们选择的领域取得了成功，他们想用自己的财富来吸引人们对那些在科学上取得成功的人的关注。 ［2014年英语（一）阅读］

拓 catch sb.'s attention/eye 吸引某人的注意

none of... ……之中没有任何一个

真 None of these will be easy but you can start even if others refuse to.这些方式没有一个是容易的，但是即便其他人拒绝，你也可以尝试开始。 ［2019年英语（一）阅读］

decide to 决定

真 The crash was a major reason the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened.这一数量骤减是美国鱼类和野生动植物管理局决定正式将这种鸟列为受威胁物种的主要原因。 ［2016年英语（二）阅读］

拓 determine to 决定 ‖ make up one's mind 决定

in the long term 从长期来看；从长远来看

例 In the long term, the deal will have positive results for both sides.从长远来看，这次交易对双方都将产生积极的影响。

拓 in the long run 从长远来看

break up 使分裂；解散；分手

真 It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates.这就像老师把后排的捣乱分子与表现较好的同学组成一对，用这种方式把这些捣乱分子分开一样。 ［2012年英语（一）阅读］

拓 break up with 与……分手 ‖ break away from 脱离

do without 没有……也行

真 Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment.当然，不应该布置一些学生靠自己不能完成的作业，或者他们不借助昂贵设备难以完成的作业。 ［2012英语（二）阅读］

come about 产生；发生

例 If you don't like your life, instead of wallowing in self-pity, see yourself changing it and then what you envision will come about.如果不喜欢自己的生活，不要沉溺于自怜之中，而要靠自己去改变，然后你预想的就会发生。

comment on 评论

真 Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume.甚至在社交媒体广泛出现之后，仍然存在金字塔式的生产结构，即只有一小部分人上传信息，稍多的人对此信息进行评论或修改，而绝大部分人仅仅满足于消费这些信息。 ［2012英语（一）阅读］

a number of 若干；许多

真 While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes.尽管这些国家自身都面临一些问题，还是有若干始终一致的主题。 ［2017英语（一）阅读］

by nature 天生，就其本性而言

真 This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.这场移民运动由各种强大的动机所推动，在一片荒野之中创立了一个国家，而且就其本质而言，该运动也塑造了一个未知大陆的性格并决定了它的命运。 ［2015年英语（一）翻译］

bring out 使出现，使显明；公布，出版

真 In fact, circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us.事实上，环境似乎旨在激发我们的最大潜能。 ［2011年英语（一）翻译］

make no difference 没有影响，没有作用

真 It makes no difference how you write, just so you do.如何写并不重要，重要的是你要付诸笔端。 ［2008年英语（一）阅读］ J6u7f9sqEKor1nQ8sXbXyXjjOLlrnuMWNh7nafxvHIZOCSbyYlKrLyXcbBC++PUZ