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A. subjects B. disruption C. exposed D. contributes E. interviews F. despite G. actually H. properties I. response J. variables K. action L. averaged M. besides N. partially O. disturbance
People who （1）______ fewer than seven hours of sleep per night in the weeks before being （2）______ to the cold virus were nearly three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged eight hours or more, a new study found.
Researchers used frequent telephone （3）______ to track the sleep habits of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the course of a few weeks. Then they exposed the （4）______ to the virus, quarantined them for five days and kept track of who got sick.
（5）______ sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to help the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure known as “sleep efficiency”—the percentage of time in bed that you're （6）______ sleeping—were also less likely to get sick.
The results held true even after researchers adjusted for （7）______ such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies to the virus.
Like your grandmother, the researchers aren't exactly sure why sleeping better makes you less likely to develop a cold. But they do take a stab at the answer: “Sleep （8）______ influences the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, histamines, and other symptom mediators that are released in （9）______ to infection.” In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you're infected with the cold virus （10）______ to the symptoms that define a cold.
The researchers were based at Carnegie Mellon, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia, and the study was funded by the National Institutes of Health.
A. constructions B. obstructions C. bother D. scattered E. through F. splashed G. pattern H. intend I. narrowly J. fierce K. fragmentary L. manner M. spattered N. resigned O. closely
In the morning it started to rain. It was the first rain of the new year and it marked, in an extremely violent （1）______, the beginning of the rainy season. The drops which fell were large, and they fell straight down, for （2）______ tropical rains never degenerate into slanting drizzle, the familiar （3）______ of a rainy day in so many other parts of the world. The rain fell heavily, it fell continuously and it saturated everything which lay in its way.
During the rain most people kept to their homes. But a few walked about, （4）______ to the wetness of their clothes and determined to carry on as usual. And, for those who wished to keep dry however much it cost them, there were always the taxis. They （5）______ by along the road, with the windscreen wipers revealing only （6）______ glimpses of the drivers' peering faces. Initially, when the rain had started, the drivers had had only the big puddles to miss, but later on, then the drains had overflowed and the whole road swam with water, all dangerous pits and （7）______ had been hidden, and the faces peering （8）______ the windscreens peered even more anxiously than before. But often the faces inside the taxi ceased to （9）______ to look out at all, for water had splashed up to the electrical system, and the engine stopped just as surely and abruptly as it would have done. The car actually skidded into the drains after it had so （10）______ missed only a few moments.
A. architecture B. dweller C. housekeeper D. further E. inland F. islands G. initial H. undeveloped I. nearby J. resided K. unwanted L. architectural M. paying N. original O. voluntary
Since 1895 the National Trust has worked for the preservation of places of historic interest and natural beauty in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Today the Trust which is not a government department but a charity depending on the （1）______ support of the public and its own members—is the largest landowner and conservation society in Britain. Wherever you go, you are close to land that is protected and watched by the National Trust.
Over 350 miles of （2）______ land, lakes and forests in one area of natural beauty （3）______; prehistoric and Roman ruins; moorlands and farmland, woods and （4）______; lengths of inland waterways; even seventeen whole villages—all are open to the public at all times subject only to the needs of farming, forestry and the protection of wildlife. But the Trust's protection develops （5）______ than this. It has in its possession a hundred gardens and some two hundred historic buildings which it opens to （6）______ visitors. Castles and churches, houses of （7）______ or historic importance, mills, gardens and parks have been given to the Trust by their former owners. Many houses retain their （8）______ contents of fine furniture, pictures, and other treasures accumulated over generations, and often the donor himself continues to live in part of the house as a （9）______ of the National Trust. The walking-sticks in the hall, the flowers, silver-framed photographs, books and papers in the rooms are signs that the house is still loved and （10）______ with and that visitors are welcomed as private individuals just as much as tourists.
A. breeds B. grounding C. racial D. when E. owe F. isolation G. immediately H. affects I. effective J. attributing K. efficient L. character M. as N. cooperation O. emerging
In only two decades Asian-Americans have become the fastest-growing U.S. minority. （1）______ their children began moving up through the nation's schools, it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was （2）______. Their achievements are reflected in the nation's best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering departments have taken on a decidedly Asian （3）______. （This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their education abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid （4）______ in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English.） They are also influenced by the promise of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more （5）______ in something like engineering than with an arts degree.
Most Asian-American students （6）______ their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. A（n） （7）______ measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian culture that （8）______ success, such as ideals that stress family values and emphasize education.
Both explanations for academic success worry Asian-Americans because of fears that they feed a typical （9）______ image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Philippine immigrants were the victims of social （10）______. Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship.
A. guessed B. moved C. to D. abundant E. assumed F. upon G. ignorant H. enormous I. root J. instruments K. impartiality L. obvious M. ceased N. swept O. illiterate
The heritage of English law brought with it the seeds of American liberty—not the flower and the fruit, which were to be produced after long labor and painful struggle. Nevertheless, the seeds were there and they sprouted, took （1）______ and have continued to grow. To this extent the inheritance was valuable, but it is not to be denied that even though English law gave us the seeds of liberty, it also imposed （2）______ us a vast amount of useless lumber that we have not （3）______ away entirely—after three hundred years of unceasing effort.
Even the system of trial by jury, in spite of its （4）______ value, came to us with burdensome, outworn ideas and unnecessary precautions, on the one hand, and with no adequate （5）______ of adaptation to changing conditions, on the other. For one thing, in the early days it was （6）______ that ignorance of the facts was a guarantee of a juror's impartiality. At that time, when means of communication were few and slow, there was something to be said for the idea; but today, when means of communication were （7）______ and almost instantaneous, ignorance of the facts is evidence, not of （8）______, but of extraordinary stupidity, or of extraordinary indifference.
The rule that a juror must be （9）______ of the facts is, therefore, a rule that operates against, not for the effort to fill the jury box with honest men of ordinary intelligence. It has become so hopeless, indeed, that the courts literally （10）______ long ago trying to enforce it. It is, nevertheless, still a theoretical part of the system.
A. certainly B. render C. replies D. breezes E. involuntary F. coming G. affected H. people I. hearing J. obviously K. snores L. feeling M. responses N. translating O. exhaling
An unidentified wit once said, “Laugh, and the world laughs with you. Snore, and you sleep alone.” Yet snoring is far from a laughing matter as those unfortunates with good （1）______, who are rightly subjected to the sounds of the snoring disorder, will testify.
It has been estimated that one of eight Americans （2）______; this means that there are approximately 21 million people—women as well as men—who （3）______ an unpleasant sound when they are asleep. And assuming that each snorer disturbs the sleep of at least one other person, it （4）______ follows that there are 21 million unhappy listeners. While a sleeping person breathes, either in or out, several structures in his nose and throat generate the snoring. The sounds, （5）______ from the soft palate and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by vibratory （6）______ to inflowing and outflowing air.
When the soft tissues of the mouth and throat come close to the lining of the throat, the vibrations that occur are caused by the position of the tongue. In short, the noise made by snoring can be compared to the noise when （7）______ flutter a flag on a pole. The frequency of the vibrations depends on the size, density, and elasticity of the （8）______ tissues and on the force of the air flow. Although it is usually the process of inhaling or （9）______ through the mouth that cause snoring, short snores come from the nose of an open-mouthed sleeper. In all fairness to snorers, however, it should be emphasized that snoring is an （10）______ action which stops as the offender is awakened.