下载掌阅APP，畅读海量书库
立即打开
A. positive B. additional C. duration D. efficient E. shed F. physical G. food H. functions I. participated J. rely K. cut L. repeatedly M. uses N. little O. obvious
Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to （1）______. You may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular （2）______ activity. And surprisingly, you don't have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, （3）______ effects.
Your body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic （4）______ such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate.
Any time you are active, （5）______ energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.
Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and （6）______ of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will （7）______ on fat as its fuel.
Aerobic exercise is most （8）______ for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities, you （9）______ contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.
Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had （10）______ in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.
A. average B. tracking C. represses D. fuel E. expense F. plummet G. presumed H. sake I. consumed J. nutrition K. tedious L. suppresses M. strenuous N. nuisance O. performance
Recreational runner Carrie Johnston usually doesn't feel hungry after a good sweat. Exercise （1）______ Johnston's appetite, but she knows she needs to make up lost calories following a workout. “When I come home from a good run, I force myself to eat supper,” says Johnston, a dietitian at McMaster University in Hamilton. However, Johnston says many female athletes let good eating habits go and risk health for the （2）______ of thinness. Johnston, who works in the bone-marrow transplant unit at McMaster, has a background in sports （3）______. In 1997, while a student at the University of Guelph, she worked with Prof. Heather Keller on a study for her thesis on the eating habits of female athletes. The （4）______ person with eating disorders is driven by a desire to look svelte, says Johnston. But her study focused on athletes who eat less to lower weight and body fat based on the belief that it will improve （5）______. The study involved （6）______ 22 elite female athletes between ages 15 and 25 over three months. “Years ago when we didn't know any better it was thought that being lighter meant running better,” says Johnston, adding that's still the mentality of many competitive runners, as well as other athletes like gymnasts and swimmers. Johnston's study subjects （7）______ 400 to 700 fewer calories daily than recommended for their （8）______ training. Even when training more as they got closer to competition, they failed to take in more food （9）______ for energy. Initially, race scores tend to improve when a runner loses some weight, but then they hit a peak and （10）______, says Johnston.
A. originated B. elites C. scoring D. incompatible E. suggests F. reaching G. hypotheses H. although I. previously J. paradoxical K. objects L. consequence M. even N. unrelated O. presently
The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those （1）______ that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not （2）______ thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.
（3）______ he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only （4）______ that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question are a particular people （5）______ from central Europe. The process is natural selection.
This group generally do well in IQ test, （6）______ 12~15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of their （7）______, including several world-renowned scientists, affirm. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, however, have previously been thought （8）______. The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. The latter was seen as a（n） （9）______ of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately linked. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this （10）______ state of affairs.
A. release B. immigration C. considerable D. when E. offence F. magistrate G. discharge H. confiscated I. where J. overbooked K. insufficient L. nightmare M. migration N. booked O. considerate
Although most people return from package holidays reasonably satisfied, this is not always the case. Take, for instance, the （1）______ experience of a Frenchman who went on a holiday to Colombia. The hotel in the small Caribbean port was （2）______. The holidaymaker was strolling round the streets, looking for a lodging and breakfast place, when he was arrested for vagrancy.
He was brought to the police station, where he told the （3）______ that it was the hotel's fault. The magistrate was the hotel-owner's brother, and he charged the tourist with making false accusation and sent him to prison for eight days. By the time of his （4）______, his return flight had left. He had （5）______ funds to buy a return ticket, so he went to the Post Office to send a telegraph to his home in Montpellier, asking for money. He was rearrested before he could send it. This time he was charged with illegal （6）______. It was explained that, having missed his return flight, he could no longer be classified as a tourist. He now needed a work license, but he didn't have one. He was fined $500 for this （7）______, and a further $500 when he again blamed the hotel for overbooking. His luggage was （8）______ because he couldn't pay the fines. He hitch-hiked to Bogota （9）______ the consulate finally arranged to send him home.
All things considered, I would prefer to plan my holiday independently. In my view, it's safer to “do it yourself!” And the advantages of planning your holiday yourself are （10）______. If it is well-planned, an independent holiday can usually be good value for money.
A. wise B. barely C. security D. rarely E. self-conscious F. risky G. building H. sponsoring I. selfish J. capability K. accommodate L. dynamics M. irresponsibility N. stimulate O. intellectual
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious thought to how they can best （1）______ such changes. Growing bodies need movement and exercise, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new （2）______ and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially （3）______ and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be （4）______ to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and （5）______ book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide multiple opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group （6）______. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the （7）______ of some kind of organization with a supportive adult （8）______ visible in the background.
In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have short attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down. This does not mean that adults must accept （9）______. On the contrary, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning for roles that are within their （10）______ and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.
A. Likewise B. habitat C. lunar D. traits E. solar F. deprives G. cultures H. sense I. especially J. obvious K. derives L. scene M. evolve N. shelter O. shelves
That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems （1）______.
But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people's relationship with their natural environments which provide food, clothing, and （2）______. Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, a complex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural （3）______. Some societal variation （4）______ from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another.
We confront a habitat and （5）______ a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organization and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural （6）______. Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaptation. （7）______, technology—the application of knowledge for practical ends—allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest （8）______, technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non-human energy （animal, water, fossil fuel, （9）______, and so on）. In turn, new sources of energy have allowed our （10）______ to expand and change. Other changes follow as well.