下载掌阅APP，畅读海量书库
立即打开
[学习建议：第3天完成]
技巧7：位置线索——段首主题句
注意空白处出现在段首时，通常是段落主题句，特别是小标题设空。
真题再现
1
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
解析： 本题可用位置线索和同类词汇重现线索解答。小标题通常词数较少，所以可以优先看A和B两个选项。根据下文线索中的Anniversaries and birthdays可知，本段讲述的是Remember important dates（记得重要的日子），所以答案为A。
技巧8：结构线索——“总—分”结构
7选5的文章多为“总—分”结构。首段总地提出问题或介绍对象，下文进行论证，给出建议或方法，比如常见的Here are some suggestions/tips/ways...。
真题再现
If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly . 2
Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. …
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. …
Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. …
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to learn something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
解析： 本题可用结构线索解答。根据上文线索the benefits of being able to read more quickly可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法，因此D项符合语境。
技巧9：逻辑线索——并列关系
并列关系主要是指前后句子之间有着语义并列的关系，常见的标志词有first、second、third、next、then、for one thing、for another thing等。
真题再现
One is the establishment（制定）of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 3 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.
A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.
B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.
C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.
D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.
E. Planning in business management has three main aspects.
F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.
G. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.
解析： 本题可用逻辑线索解答。根据上文线索One和下文线索The third可知，前后句子之间为并列逻辑关系。因此，空白处讲述的是第二方面，故G项符合语义逻辑。
技巧10：逻辑线索——转折关系
转折关系主要指前后句子之间有着语义上的相反或转折逻辑关系，常见的标志词有however、but、on the contrary、otherwise、not...but...等。
真题再现
Most businesses seek to make a profit （利润）—that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 4 Commonly called nonprofits , these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.
A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.
B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.
C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.
D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.
E. Planning in business management has three main aspects.
F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.
G. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.
解析： 本题可用逻辑线索解答。根据上下文关键词profit和nonprofits可知，前后为反义逻辑关系。通过分析选项可知，D项意为“然而，一些企业只寻求赚足够的钱来支付其运营成本”，符合逻辑关系。
技巧11：逻辑线索——因果关系
因果关系主要指前后句子之间有着前因后果或者前果后因的关系，常见的标志词有because、as a result、thus/therefore、so 等。
真题再现
I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints （提 示） on where to buy their presents. 5
A. It isn't that these young people can't write.
B. But it is always purposeful—or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result , each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
解析： 本题可用逻辑线索解答。根据上文线索可知，孩子们给圣诞老人关于去哪买礼物的一些提示，由此可以推知，这样做的结果就是孩子们可以收到自己想要的礼物。D项为正确答案，空白处与前面的句子之间是前因后果的关系。
技巧12：逻辑线索——例证关系
例证关系主要有两种：1. 从例子到观点；2. 从观点到例子。表示例证关系的标志词主要就是for example。但也要注意，有时文中并不会出现该标志词，而是直接给出例子。
真题再现
6 For example , if you love animals, volunteer at an animal shelter. If you love helping the environment, plant trees or pick up litter. When you help others, it will make you feel better about yourself.
A. Live life to the fullest.
B. School sets you up on the right track!
C. Be nice to your parents and teachers.
D. Find chances to do volunteer work that interests you.
E. It will help you pass time and develop your personality.
F. Here are some important points that you may find helpful.
G. Keep it in mind that they do the things they do because they care about you.
解析： 本题可用原词重现和逻辑线索解答。根据下文线索For example和volunteer可知，下文是对D项（寻找机会做你感兴趣的志愿工作）所表达观点的实际举例，且volunteer在D项中重现，故选D。
★温馨提示： 前后句子之间还有递进关系，但是这种关系考查得较少，在这里就不单独详细讲解了。表示递进关系的标志词有even、also、furthermore、moreover、what's more等。
Section 1：真题精练
下面短文中已将已知线索加粗，主要目的是培养同学们寻找已知线索的习惯。
I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints （ 提示 ） on where to buy their presents. 1
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose . Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something; other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. 2 And when writing doesn't seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. 3 You write “Dear Santa” because you don't know him personally and you want to show him respect.
4 Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. 5 This type of writing won't be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn't that these young people can't write.
B. But it is always purposeful—or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. 1
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. 2 Any small interruption — a price check, a chatty customer — can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability : 3 So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line—called a serpentine line—and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 4 This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
5 It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A. Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B. So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C. Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F. With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G. But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
Section 2：答案详解
文章大意： 孩子们给圣诞老人写信来暗示自己心仪的礼物，作者通过讲述这一点来论证人们写作都是带有某种目的。
参考答案： 1. D 2. B 3. E 4. F 5. G
1. 解析： 本题可用逻辑线索解答。根据上文线索可知，孩子们给圣诞老人一些有关在哪里买礼物的提示。由此可以推知，孩子们这样做的结果就是他们可以收到自己想要的礼物。因此选项D为正确答案。前后句为因果关系。
2. 解析： 本题可用原词重现和逻辑线索解答。上文线索和下文线索中重复出现的purpose对应B项中的purposeful。上文和B项都是在说明写作是带有目的性的，故选B项。
3. 解析： 本题可用句法结构重现线索解答。下一句的句子结构与E项的句子结构一致，故选E项。
4. 解析： 本题可用逻辑线索解答。根据下文线索可知，科技的发展让人们不断地产生文字信息。通过分析剩余选项可知，F项符合上下文语义逻辑。本题也符合段落首句为概括句的特点。下文线索是在举例说明首句。
5. 解析： 本题可用同义重现和逻辑线索解答，考查的是反义逻辑关系。上文线索和下文线索是反义逻辑关系，而且上文中的this kind of writing和下文中的This type of writing是同义重现。由此可推知，空白处应该也是对这种类型的写作的表述，且应该有转折词。G项中提到了But if this is the only kind of writing，符合上下文的语义逻辑，为正确答案。
文章大意： 人们在杂货店排队结账时常常选错队，为此研究人员提出了蛇形队伍的新方式，作者介绍了这种排队方式的优点，但大多数地方都不提倡蛇形队伍。
参考答案： 1. A 2. G 3. D 4. F 5. B
1. 解析： 本题可用逻辑线索解答。上文线索指出You chose wrong，下一段进行了解释，指出了选错的原因，本空应该是对上文提出疑问，而下文正好是对提问的回答，属于“提问—回答”的逻辑关系，故选A项。
2. 解析： 本题可用逻辑线索解答。上一句讲述了杂货店试图让所有的顾客以最短的延误时间完成结账，而下一句讲述了杂货店出现特殊情况时会让结账速度变慢，上下文属于反义逻辑。对比各个选项，可发现G项符合上下文语义逻辑。
3. 解析： 本题可用原词重现和逻辑线索解答。上文线索中的three和D项中的three属于原词重现。同时，上文线索中的probability和D项的chances语义也一致。温馨提示：F项中也有three，但修饰的是收款机，与本题无关。
4. 解析： 本题可用同义重现和逻辑线索解答。上文线索a good way和F项中的this method、approach属于同义重现。同时上文线索和下文线索都说明这个新方法是有效的，因此，空白处应该也是阐述这种新方法的好处，故选F项。
5. 解析： 本题可用逻辑线索解答。上下文属于因果逻辑关系。下一句介绍了蛇形队伍不易采用的原因：需要很多的收款机，而有些商店负担不起这些空间和人力。那么空白处应该是提出相关问题，故选B项。
Section 3：全文翻译
我有一个抽屉，里面装满了给圣诞老人的信。每年，我的孩子都会写下他们的圣诞节愿望清单。他们会礼貌地请求得到最新的游戏或玩具。随着孩子们年龄的增长，他们会给圣诞老人一些有关在哪里买礼物的提示。结果，每年他们都会收到自己想要的东西。
那些（写给圣诞老人的）信教会了我的孩子们一个关于写作的宝贵经验：写作是有目的的。有时我们的目的是为了实现某个目标；其他时候可能是为了娱乐、告知或劝说。但它总是有目的的——或者至少应该是这样。但是当写作似乎没有任何目的，也没有得到任何有意义的回应时，写作就很难让人感到兴奋。
圣诞节是一年中孩子们通过写作与他人交流的好时机。当孩子们为真实的读者和真实的目的写作时，他们可以学会根据读者和目的选择文字。你写“嗨，爷爷和奶奶”，是因为你和他们很亲近。你写“亲爱的圣诞老人”，是因为你不认识圣诞老人本人，想向他表示尊重。
随着科技的发展，年轻人比以前写得更多了。发短信、在线留言、玩电子游戏时的实时聊天，都意味着他们在不断产生文字信息。不过，由于他们通常是写给家人和朋友，所以大部分时候他们使用的是非正式语言。
这种写作没有错。它适合于它的受众，符合写作目的，能达成写作目的。但如果这是年轻人仅有的写作类型，那么就会造成问题。这种类型的写作不会得到学校考官的青睐，也不会得到未来雇主或潜在客户的赞美。最好的沟通者是那些知道如何调整自己的语言来匹配受众的人。
干扰项译文
A. 并不是说这些年轻人不会写作。
C. 用笔和纸写信的时代可能已经过去了。
你跑进杂货店，拿起一瓶水。你拿到了需要的东西，走到前面，选择排在看起来最快的队伍中。
你选错了。你一口咬定在其他队伍晚于你排队很久的人现在已经结完账，走向停车场了。为什么这种事情似乎总是发生在你身上？
结果是，这只是数学对你不利；有可能，另一条队伍真的更快。
杂货店试图在收银处安排足够的员工，让所有的顾客在结账时耽误最少的时间。但有时，就像在周日下午，系统会变得特别繁忙。任何小的干扰——一次价格检查、一个健谈的顾客——都会产生下游效应，耽误整条队伍。
如果商店里有三条队伍，那么耽搁会随机发生在不同的收款机处。想一想这个概率：你排的这一队进展最快的可能性只有三分之一。所以这不仅仅是你的想法：另一条队伍可能走得更快。
研究人员有一个处理这个问题的好办法。让所有顾客站成一条长长的、蜿蜒的队伍——称为蛇形队——用下一个可用的收款机为排在前面的每个人服务。在有三个收款机的情况下，这种方法比传统方法快得多。大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。在蛇形的队伍中，一个收款机处长时间的耽搁并不会对排在后面的人带来不公平的影响。相反，它会减慢一点每个人的结账速度，但总的结账速度会加快。
那么，为什么大多数地方都不提倡蛇形队伍？要保持一条队伍快速移动，需要很多的收款机，而有些商店负担不起这些空间或人力。所以无论下次你可能在哪条队伍等待：祝你好运。
干扰项译文
C. 他们其中一些人可能已经排了近一个小时的队。
E. 你排在最快队伍中的概率有多高？
Section 1：真题精练
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 1
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property（房产）neat, clean, and in good repair. 2 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk, take along a small garbage bag. 3 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
4 If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
5 By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B. A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
Reading is important. But the next step is making sure that you remember what you've read! 1 You may have just read the text, but the ideas, concepts and images（形象）may fly right out of your head. Here are a few tricks for remembering what you read.
● 2
If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you, you likely won't be able to remember what you read. It's a bit like reading a foreign language. If you don't understand what you're reading, how would you remember it? But there are a few things you can do... Use a dictionary; look up the difficult words.
● Are you connected?
Does a character remind you of a friend? Does the setting make you want to visit the place? Does the book inspire you, and make you want to read more? With some books, you may feel a connection right away. 3 How willing are you to make the connections happen?
● Read it; hear it; be it!
Read the lines. Then, speak them out loud. And, put some character into the words. When he was writing his novels, Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters. He'd make faces in the mirror, and change his voice for each character. 4
● How often do you read?
If you read frequently, you'll likely have an easier time with remembering what you're reading（and what you've read）. 5 As you make reading a regular part of your life, you'll make more connections, stay more focused and understand the text better. You'll learn to enjoy literature—as you remember what you read!
A. Are you confused?
B. Practice makes perfect.
C. What's your motivation?
D. Memory is sometimes a tricky thing.
E. Marking helps you remember what you read.
F. But other books require a bit more work on your part.
G. You can do the same thing when you are reading the text!
Section 2：答案详解
文章大意： 本文就如何成为一个新社区的好邻居给了几点有用的建议。
参考答案： 1 G 2. F 3. E 4. B 5. C
1. 解析： 本题可用结构线索解答。根据上文线索可知，如果你想要自己成为新社区中被大家接受的、有价值的一分子，最简单的方法是确保你符合一个好邻居应该有的行为举止。下文开始讲述成为好邻居的具体方法。因此第一段的最后一句起到总领全文的作用。通过分析选项可知，G项承上启下，符合上下文语义逻辑。
2. 解析： 本题可用句法结构重现和逻辑线索解答。本题看似有点难度，但仔细观察后会发现，上文线索keep your property neat, clean, and in good repair以及下文线索keep the outside of the home in great shape的结构都是“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”，与F项中的keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting的结构一样，且在语义逻辑上都是介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的方法之一就是保持干净、整洁的户内和户外环境，因此，选项F为正确答案。
3. 解析： 本题可用逻辑线索解答。根据上文线索可知，这里是建议散步时带一个小垃圾袋。通过选项分析可知，E项中提到了waste paper，与上文形成语义衔接，举例说明了拿垃圾袋的用处，故选E。
4. 解析： 本题可用原词重现和逻辑线索解答。本段主要讲述在邻居需要帮助时提供一些帮助，B项符合语义逻辑，且help为原词重现。
5. 解析： 本题可用逻辑线索解答。根据下文线索可知，通过遵守尊重他人的基本规则，照看好属于自己的东西，并为整个社区的外观感到自豪，人们很快就会成为大家都喜欢的好邻居。通过分析选项可知，C项中提到了considerate behavior（善解人意的行为），下文内容正好是对这类行为的具体描述，故选C。
文章大意： 本文给出了几种方法来帮助读者记住阅读过的内容：使用字典查难词；将所读到的内容与已有知识建立联系；朗读并把自己代入人物角色；经常阅读。
参考答案： 1. D 2. A 3. F 4. G 5. B
1. 解析： 本题可用逻辑线索解答。上文讲述阅读很重要，但下一步是确保你能记住自己所读过的内容。下文讲述你可能刚刚读过某篇文章，但可能记不住那些想法、概念和形象。从想记住到可能记不住，说明记住读过的内容不是一件容易的事情。通过分析选项可知，D项说记忆有时是一件很棘手的事情，符合上下文语义逻辑。
2. 解析： 本题可用同义重现线索解答。下文线索confusing和don't understand what you're reading与A项中的confused属于同义重现，且符合上下文语义逻辑，故选A。
3. 解析： 本题可用原词重现和逻辑线索解答。首先，books一词在F项中重现。同时，从语义逻辑来看，上文线索讲述读一些书时，你可能会立刻感觉到一种联系。F项意为“但其他书需要你多下点功夫”，其中的other books和上文线索some books形成语义衔接，前后呼应。故选F。
4. 解析： 本题可用逻辑线索解答。本段讲述的阅读方法是：全身心投入到所读内容中去，并举了查尔斯·狄更斯的例子来说明这种方法的可行性，因此建议读者也可以使用这种方法去记住所读内容，故选G。
5. 解析： 本题可用逻辑线索解答。上文指出，如果你经常阅读，可能会更容易记住你正在读的内容（以及你读过的内容）。由此可知，选项B（熟能生巧）符合语境，选项内容是对上文内容的合理概括。
Section 3：全文翻译
搬进新社区的新家是一次令人兴奋的经历。当然，你想要确保自己成为新社区中被大家接受的、有价值的一分子。做到这一点的最简单的方法是确保你符合一个好邻居应该有的行为举止。这里有一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻里每一个人的信赖。
作为一个好邻居，可能最重要的其中一件事就是保持住房整洁、干净，保养完好。保持街上的一切亮丽和怡人，往往会让人们感到自豪。通过选择让屋外的环境处于良好状态，你将帮助改善该地区的样貌和氛围。
其次，认真对待社区的整体外观。散步时可以带上一个小垃圾袋。遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。这个小小的举动会让你的邻居知道你在乎这片区域。
一个好邻居还是一个喜欢在微小的方面提供帮助的人。如果邻居要出远门，主动帮忙收邮件和报纸。如果邻居生病了，主动帮忙买食品杂货。让他们知道，你会以任何可以接受的方式提供帮助，同时仍会尊重你邻居的隐私。
成为一个好邻居多多少少都会做些善解人意的事。通过遵守尊重他人的基本规则，照看好属于自己的东西，并为整个社区的外观感到自豪，你很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。
干扰项译文
A. 一般来说，在他们不在的时候，留意他们的财产。
D. 有时邻居们可能会一起去超市购物。
阅读很重要。但下一步是确保你能记住自己所读过的内容！记忆有时是一件很棘手的事情。你可能刚刚读过某篇文章，但可能记不住那些想法、概念和形象。这里有一些让你记住所读内容的技巧。
● 你会感到困惑吗？
如果你对情节、人物或用词感到困惑，那很可能无法记住你所读的内容。这有点像读一门外语。如果你看不懂所读的内容，那如何把它记住呢？但你可以做几件事……使用字典；查一查那些难懂的词。
● 你建立起联系了吗？
某个人物让你想起了一个朋友吗？书中的场景让你想去参观那个地方吗？这本书给你启发，让你想读更多的书吗？读一些书时，你可能会立刻感觉到一种联系。但其他书需要你多下点功夫。你想让这些联系发生的意愿有多强？
● 读它；听它；代入它！
阅读文字。然后把它们大声朗读出来。并且，在字里行间代入某个人物角色。查尔斯·狄更斯在写小说时，会扮演人物角色。他会对着镜子做鬼脸，并为每个人物改变他的声音。你在阅读文章时可以做同样的事！
● 你多长时间阅读一次？
如果你经常阅读，可能会更容易记住你正在读的内容（以及你读过的内容）。熟能生巧。当你把阅读作为日常生活的一部分时，会建立起更多联系，注意力更集中，还能更好地理解文章。你将学会享受文学——因为你记得所阅读的内容！
干扰项译文
C. 你的动机是什么？
E. 做标记有助于你记住所读的内容。