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有学者认为，基因在造成个体肥胖或决定减肥成功与否方面起关键作用。不过也有学者对此观点持疑问态度。
2016年9月20日在线发表于《英国医学杂志》（ Brit.Med. J. ）的一项系统综述和荟萃分析表明，人们通常所说的肥胖基因，即 FTO 基因并未显著影响不同减肥措施干预后的效果，个体减肥后体重的改变与其是否携带 FTO 基因无直接关系。
研究者检索了Ovid mediline、Scopus、Embase和Cochrane数据库，对其中探讨超重或肥胖成人在饮食、体育活动和药物干预后 FTO 基因与BMI、体重和腰围改变的随机对照研究，进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。
共有8项随机对照研究的9653名受试者符合纳入标准。结果显示， FTO 基因型与减肥措施干预后BMI、体重和腰围改变无显著性关系。敏感度分析提示，不同 FTO 基因型个体的BMI、体重和腰围改变，在不同减肥干预类型、干预时间长短、种族、性别和年龄个体中也无显著差异。
研究者认为，未来，人们减肥时应聚焦于如何改变生活方式，尤其是饮食习惯和体育活动，因为这才是达到减肥目的的关键所在 [59] 。
英国英格兰公共卫生局的首席营养学家泰德斯通（Dr.Tedstone）博士对此作出了述评。他指出，现在有许多公司声称可以依据肥胖人群的自身DNA来制定个体化减肥计划。另一些研究也提示部分基因与肥胖相关，因此这种观点被认为在一定程度上有其合理性。但事实上，基因对减肥效果究竟有多大影响仍不清楚。以上这篇荟萃分析对于这类问题的回答迈出了实质性的一步，至少对于 FTO 这一通常被认为与肥胖有关的基因来说，其提供了一种可能的答案。
不过该文作者也指出分析有其局限之处，主要是仅基于8项研究的数据来源，而这些数据在干预措施种类及干预措施自身特异性方面存在异质性；而且该荟萃分析在研究以外人群中的适应性和代表性也有待商榷。
不过，Tedstone博士认为，该分析结果还是要给减肥的人群提个醒——基因对减肥效果的影响并不明确，至少 FTO 基因是如此。此外，多种肥胖相关基因的相互作用及环境驱动因素也是不容忽视的因素。
至此，通过上述体力活动可改变 FTO 基因对造成肥胖的不利作用的研究，以及这篇综合性荟萃分析，给肥胖者包括那些有家族遗传史的超重和肥胖者以鼓舞和信心，及早改变生活方式，及早投入体育运动，是可以改变肥胖基因带来的诸多风险因素和起到减肥效果的！
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