下载掌阅APP，畅读海量书库
立即打开
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
In the past 20 years alone, three coronaviruses have caused major disease outbreaks. First came the original SARS virus in 2002. 1 , in 2012, MERS was identified. In 2019, SARS-CoV-2 2 .
Hundreds of other coronaviruses are known to be 3 in bats and other animals. Scientists have warned that some of them could arise in the future and 4 infect people. Our current COVID-19 vaccines were specifically 5 for SARS-CoV-2, but what if a next-generation vaccine could protect 6 both known and unknown coronaviruses?
Scientists at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research are working on a so-called universal coronavirus vaccine. Dr. Kayvon Modjarrad is 7 the effort. They have developed a vaccine specifically for SARS-CoV-2, and found that the immune response that it 8 is active against all the variants, as well as other coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-1. And this gives them confidence that it can be a platform for the entire coronavirus family.
The vaccine is known as SpFN, which combines nanoparticles from ferritins with coronavirus spike proteins. But making the vaccine wasn’t as 9 as attaching one protein to another. Modjarrad and his colleagues had to 10 which parts of the spike to attach to which type of ferritin and how to 11 the two proteins together. It took months of trying more than 200 different 12 . By June of last year, the team found one version that succeeded where others had failed. They then 13 the experimental vaccine in mice and monkeys.
The team also turned to less 14 animals for testing. Working with scientists in India, they 15 horses with the vaccine to learn how strong the 16 response was. And they 17 with Helen Dooley at the University of Maryland to vaccinate sharks—which make special antibodies.
The results are 18 , but animals aren’t people. The Army vaccine is now being tested in a small, early-stage trial in humans. 19 it works and is safe, it could lay the 20 for a universal coronavirus vaccine.
1. [A] But [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Soon
2. [A] emerged [B] rose [C] intruded [D] originated
3. [A] publicizing [B] residing [C] circulating [D] detecting
4. [A] definitely [B] potentially [C] hardly [D] slightly
5. [A] promised [B] requested [C] designed [D] expected
6. [A] with [B] on [C] in [D] against
7. [A] leading [B] requiring [C] sparing [D] needing
8. [A] inspires [B] reduces [C] induces [D] increases
9. [A] limited [B] simple [C] available [D] hard
10. [A] point out [B] turn out [C] figure out [D] carry out
11. [A] link [B] record [C] change [D] tend
12. [A] groups [B] organizations [C] branches [D] combinations
13. [A] adjusted [B] tested [C] adopted [D] stimulated
14 [A] conventional [B] familiar [C] odd [D] rare
15. [A] rejected [B] ejected [C] injected [D] projected
16. [A] analytical [B] sleepy [C] quick [D] immune
17. [A] conflicted [B] collaborated [C] disagreed [D] dealt
18 [A] average [B] economic [C] encouraging [D] disappointing
19. [A] If [B] But [C] Therefore [D] Besides
20. [A] result [B] system [C] process [D] foundation