由于人类活动的不断升级,其他生物的生存空间越来越狭小。狼在这些生物中拥有强大的生命力,代表着一种最原始的野性力量,所以在国外的文学作品中有很多涉及狼的文化,如杰克·伦敦的《野性的呼唤》《白牙》等著名作品。
同时,人类生活中的狗又与狼同宗,因而狼也是人类最为熟悉的野生动物。文章经常以“狼”为主题,以此反思人与自然的相处,或批判或赞扬人性。“Becky and the Wolf”这篇文章通过讲述小女孩Becky的故事来展示人类与动物之间的友爱。
读后续写中有一个重要的原则就是“语言协同原则”。而这篇原文中有很多的对话描写,或者说故事的发展主要是依靠对话推动进行。在写作中,对话一般会独立成段,即使只有一个单词;也就是说每换一个说话者,就要另起一段。目前为止,高考读后续写文章一律采用的是段落描写,那么从语言风格上其实和原文就有了比较大的出入。为了避免这一矛盾,命题者就会尽量删减对话,或者把对话改为间接引语。
下面我们来看这篇题源文章“Becky and the Wolf”,看命题人是如何改编的,并借助这篇文章来分析和练习如何进行续写。文中阴影部分为续写题目中没有出现的内容,方框框起来的部分是被命题人删掉的、需要学生续写的部分,小括号内词汇为命题人添加的内容,斜体是续写段首句。
With all her big brothers and sisters off to school, our ranch became a lonely place for our three-year-old daughter, Becky. She longed for playmates. We promised to buy her a puppy but in the meantime, “pretend” puppies popped up nearly every day.
I had just finished washing the lunch dishes when the screen door slammed and Becky rushed in, cheeks flushed with excitement. “Mama,” she cried. “Come see my new doggy. I gave him water two times already. He’s so thirsty.”
I sighed. Another of Becky’s imaginary dogs.
“Please come, Mama.” She tugged at my jeans, her brown eyes pleading. “(Please come, Mama.) He’s crying—and he can’t walk.”
“Can’t walk?” Now that was a twist. All her previous make-believe dogs could do marvelous things. Why suddenly a dog that couldn’t walk?
“All right, honey,” I said. By the time I tried to follow her, Becky had already disappeared into the mesquite. “Where are you?” I called.
“Over here by the oak stump. Hurry, Mama.”
I (followed her,) parted the thorny branches and raised my hand against the glare of the Arizona sun. A numbing chill gripped me.
There she was, sitting on her heels, toes dug firmly in the sand, and cradled in her lap was the unmistakable head of a wolf.
“Becky.” My mouth felt dry. “Don’t move.” I stepped closer. Pale-yellow eyes narrowed. Black lips tightened, exposing double sets of two-inch fangs (牙). Suddenly the wolf trembled. Its teeth clacked, and a piteous whine (可怜的哀鸣) rose from its throat.
“It’s all right, boy,” Becky crooned. “Don’t be afraid. That’s my mama, and she loves you, too.”
Then the unbelievable happened. As her tiny hands stroked the great shaggy head, I heard the gentle thump, thump, thumping of the wolf’s tail from deep inside the stump.
What was wrong with the animal? I wondered. Why couldn’t he get up? I couldn’t tell. Nor did I dare to step any closer. I glanced at the empty water bowl. My memory flashed back to the five skunks that last week had torn the burlap from a leaking pipe in a frenzied effort to reach water during the final agonies of rabies. Of course. Rabies. Warning signs had been posted all over the county, and hadn’t Becky said, “He’s so thirsty”?
I had to get Becky away. “Honey.” My throat tightened. “Put his head down and come to Mama. We’ll go find help.”
Reluctantly, Becky got up and kissed the wolf on the nose before she walked slowly into my outstretched arms. Sad yellow eyes followed her. Then the wolf’s head sank to the ground.
With Becky safe in my arms, I ran to (our home) the barns where Brian, one of our cowhands, was saddling up .
“Brian. Come quickly. Becky found a wolf in the oak stump near the wash. I think it has rabies.”
“I’ll be there in a jiffy,” he said as I hurried back to the house, anxious to put Becky down for her nap. I didn’t want her to see Brian come out of the bunkhouse. I knew he’d have a gun.
“But I want to give my doggy his water,” she cried. I kissed her and gave her some stuffed animals to play with. “Honey, let Mom and Brian take care of him for now,” I said.
Moments later, I reached the oak stump. Brian stood looking down at the beast. “It’s a Mexican lobo, all right,” he said, “and a big one.” The wolf whined. Then we both caught the smell of gangrene.
“Whew! It’s not rabies,” Brian said. “But he’s sure hurt real bad. Don’t you think it’s best I put him out of his misery?”
The word “yes” was on my lips, when Becky emerged from the bushes. “Is Brian going to make him well, Mama?” She hauled the animal’s head onto her lap once more, and buried her face in the coarse, dark fur. This time I wasn’t the only one who heard the thumping of the lobo’s tail.
That afternoon my husband, Bill, and our veterinarian (兽医), Doc, came to see the wolf. Observing the trust the animal had in our child, Doc said to me, “Suppose you let Becky and me tend to this fella together.” Minutes later, as child and vet reassured the stricken beast, the hypodermic found its mark. The yellow eyes closed.
“He’s asleep now,” said the vet. “Give me a hand here, Bill.” They hauled the massive body out of the stump. The animal must have been over five feet long and well over one-hundred pounds. The hip and leg had been mutilated by bullets. Doc did what he had to in order to clean the wound and then gave the patient a dose of penicillin. Next day he returned and inserted a metal rod to replace the missing bone.
“Well, it looks like you’ve got yourselves a Mexican lobo,” Doc said. “He looks to be about three years old, and even as pups, they don’t tame real easy. I’m amazed at the way this big fella took to your little gal. But often there’s something that goes on between children and animals that we grown-ups don’t understand.”
Becky named the wolf Ralph and carried food and water to the stump every day. Ralph’s recovery was not easy. For three months he dragged his injured hindquarters by clawing the earth with his front paws. From the way he lowered his eyelids when we massaged the atrophied limbs, we knew he endured excruciating pain, but not once did he ever try to bite the hands of those who cared for him.
Four months to the day, Ralph finally stood unaided. His huge frame shook as long-unused muscles were activated. Bill and I patted and praised him. But it was Becky to whom he turned for a gentle word, a kiss or a smile. He responded to these gestures of love by swinging his bushy tail like a pendulum.
As his strength grew, Ralph followed Becky all over the ranch. Together they roamed the desert pastures, the golden-haired child often stooping low, sharing with the great lame wolf whispered secrets of nature’s wonders. When evening came, he returned like a silent shadow to his hollow stump that had surely become his special place. As time went on, although he lived primarily in the brush, the habits of this timid creature endeared him more and more to all of us.
Becky’s first day of school was sad for Ralph. After the bus left, he refused to return to the yard. Instead, he lay by the side of the road and waited. When Becky returned, he limped and tottered in wild, joyous circles around her. This welcoming ritual persisted through out her school years.
During Ralph’s twelve years on our ranch, his habits remained unchanged. Always keeping his distance, he tolerated other pets and endured the activities of our busy family, but his love for Becky never wavered. Then the spring came when our neighbor told us he’d shot and killed a she-wolf and grazed her mate, who had been running with her. Sure enough, Ralph returned home with another bullet wound.
Becky, nearly fifteen years old now, sat with Ralph’s head resting on her lap. He, too, must have been about fifteen and was gray with age. As Bill removed the bullet, my memory raced back through the years. Once again I saw a chubby three-year-old girl stroking the head of a huge black wolf and heard a small voice murmuring, “It’s all right, boy. Don’t be afraid. That’s my mama, and she loves you, too.”
Although the wound wasn’t serious, this time Ralph didn’t get well. Precious pounds fell away. The once luxurious fur turned dull and dry, and his trips to the yard in search of Becky’s companionship ceased. All day long he rested quietly.
But when night fell, old and stiff as he was, he disappeared into the desert and surrounding hills. By dawn his food was gone.
The morning came when we found him dead. The yellow eyes were closed. Stretched out in front of the oak stump, he appeared but a shadow of the proud beast he once had been. A lump in my throat choked me as I watched Becky stroke his shaggy neck, tears streaming down her face. “I’ll miss him so,” she cried.
Then as I covered him with a blanket, we were startled by a strange rustling sound from inside the stump. Becky looked inside. Two tiny yellow eyes peered back and puppy fangs glinted in the semi-darkness. Ralph’s pup.
Had a dying instinct told him his motherless offspring would be safe here, as he had been, with those who loved him? Hot tears spilled on baby fur as Becky gathered the trembling bundle in her arms. “It’s all right, little ... Ralphie,” she murmured. “Don’t be afraid. That’s my mom, and she loves you, too.”