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Rather than always inventing examples to illustrate points, we have tried to take them from real life uses of language. To achieve this, we have used corpora—large collections of naturally occurring texts that have been collected and electronically transcribed for the purposes of linguistic analysis. The corpora we have used are
The British National Corpus (BNC), consisting of approximately 100 million words of written (90%) and spoken (10%) British English mainly pro duced in the early 1990s.
The British English 2006 (BE06) Corpus, consisting of 1 million words of standard British English, collected from 15 written genres and published circa 2006.
Where we have included examples from corpora, we have also included file reference numbers.