疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句,一般放在句首,其作用相当于名词,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。常用的疑问代词有:who、whom、whose、which、what等。疑问代词作主语时,谓语一般用单数形式。
who 用作疑问代词时,意为“谁”,一般用来指人,在句中常用作主语或宾语;而whom 是who 的宾格,在正式文体中常作宾语,用作疑问代词或连接代词时,在非正式文体中往往用主格代替,若紧跟在介词之后则只能用 whom。
» Who wants to go to Beijng? 谁想去北京?(who作主语)
» Who / Whom do you want to make friends with? 你想和谁交朋友?(who/whom作宾语)
» Whom did you play with yesterday? 你昨天跟谁玩了?(whom作宾语)
whose 意为“谁的”,可以指人,也可以指物,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等,也可以作定语,置于名词前对名词进行修饰限定。
» Whose is the best? 谁的是最好的?(作主语)
» Whose do you want? 你想要谁的?(作宾语)
» Whose are these books on the desk? 桌子上的书是谁的?(作表语)
» Whose T-shirt is that? 那是谁的T恤?(作定语)
which 意为“哪一个,哪一些”,既可指人也可指物,既可指可数名词单数,也可指可数名词复数,在句中作主语、宾语、定语等。
» Which is the tallest boy? 哪个男孩最高?(作主语)
»I don’t know which to buy. 我不知道买哪个。(作宾语)
» Which place will the tourists visit first? 游客们将首先参观哪个地方?(2023湖南长沙)(作定语)
what 意为“什么”,指代或修饰可数名词或不可数名词均可,可单独使用。在句中作主语、宾语、表语,也可以放在名词前作定语,表示“什么”“怎样的”。
» What made you so happy? 是什么让你这么开心呢?(作主语)
» What do you mean by saying that? 你那样说是什么意思?(作宾语)
» What is your job? 你是做什么工作的?(作表语)
» What time is it? 现在几点了?(作定语)
what的常见用法如下。
» What is your mother? / What does your mother do? / What is your mother’s job? 你妈妈是做什么工作的?
» What is the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样?
» What about going out for a walk? 出去散散步怎么样?
»Joe likes playing football. What about you? 乔喜欢踢足球,你呢?
» What did you do that for? 你为什么那么做?(= Why did you do that?)
1. who与what对比:who指姓名或关系,what指职业或地位。如:
»— Who is he? 他是谁?
—He is my cousin.他是我表哥。
»— What is he? 他是做什么的?
—He’s an engineer.他是一位工程师。
2. who与which对比:who指人,所指对象没有范围限制;which可指人或物,但只能指一定范围内的一个人或一类人。如:
» Who is crying? 谁在哭?
» Which students may stay here? 哪些学生可以留下来?
3. what与which对比:what所指事物侧重种类,which所指事物侧重哪一个。如:
» What sport do you like best? 你最喜欢什么运动?
» Which sentence is correct? 哪个句子正确?
4. whose与who、whom对比:whose是who的所有格,whom是who的宾格。如:
» Whose are these shoes under the bed? 床下的鞋是谁的?
» Whom are you waiting for? 你在等谁?