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疑问代词

疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句,一般放在句首,其作用相当于名词,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。常用的疑问代词有:who、whom、whose、which、what等。疑问代词作主语时,谓语一般用单数形式。

who、whom的用法

who 用作疑问代词时,意为“谁”,一般用来指人,在句中常用作主语或宾语;而whom 是who 的宾格,在正式文体中常作宾语,用作疑问代词或连接代词时,在非正式文体中往往用主格代替,若紧跟在介词之后则只能用 whom。

» Who wants to go to Beijng? 谁想去北京?(who作主语)

» Who / Whom do you want to make friends with? 你想和谁交朋友?(who/whom作宾语)

» Whom did you play with yesterday? 你昨天跟谁玩了?(whom作宾语)

whose的用法

whose 意为“谁的”,可以指人,也可以指物,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等,也可以作定语,置于名词前对名词进行修饰限定。

» Whose is the best? 谁的是最好的?(作主语)

» Whose do you want? 你想要谁的?(作宾语)

» Whose are these books on the desk? 桌子上的书是谁的?(作表语)

» Whose T-shirt is that? 那是谁的T恤?(作定语)

which的用法

which 意为“哪一个,哪一些”,既可指人也可指物,既可指可数名词单数,也可指可数名词复数,在句中作主语、宾语、定语等。

» Which is the tallest boy? 哪个男孩最高?(作主语)

»I don’t know which to buy. 我不知道买哪个。(作宾语)

» Which place will the tourists visit first? 游客们将首先参观哪个地方?(2023湖南长沙)(作定语)

what的用法

what 意为“什么”,指代或修饰可数名词或不可数名词均可,可单独使用。在句中作主语、宾语、表语,也可以放在名词前作定语,表示“什么”“怎样的”。

» What made you so happy? 是什么让你这么开心呢?(作主语)

» What do you mean by saying that? 你那样说是什么意思?(作宾语)

» What is your job? 你是做什么工作的?(作表语)

» What time is it? 现在几点了?(作定语)

what的常见用法如下。

1. “What be+主语?”用于询问他人的职业。类似用法还有“What do/does+主语+do?”“What be+sb.’s job?”。

» What is your mother? / What does your mother do? / What is your mother’s job? 你妈妈是做什么工作的?

2. “What be+主语+like?”用于询问状况、品行等,意为“……怎么样?”

» What is the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样?

3. “What about...?”用于征求意见或询问某人的情况或看法。

» What about going out for a walk? 出去散散步怎么样?

»Joe likes playing football. What about you? 乔喜欢踢足球,你呢?

4. “What (...) for?”用于询问原因和目的,表示“为何目的或理由”。

» What did you do that for? 你为什么那么做?(= Why did you do that?)

TIPS

1. who与what对比:who指姓名或关系,what指职业或地位。如:

»— Who is he? 他是谁?

—He is my cousin.他是我表哥。

»— What is he? 他是做什么的?

—He’s an engineer.他是一位工程师。

2. who与which对比:who指人,所指对象没有范围限制;which可指人或物,但只能指一定范围内的一个人或一类人。如:

» Who is crying? 谁在哭?

» Which students may stay here? 哪些学生可以留下来?

3. what与which对比:what所指事物侧重种类,which所指事物侧重哪一个。如:

» What sport do you like best? 你最喜欢什么运动?

» Which sentence is correct? 哪个句子正确?

4. whose与who、whom对比:whose是who的所有格,whom是who的宾格。如:

» Whose are these shoes under the bed? 床下的鞋是谁的?

» Whom are you waiting for? 你在等谁? qPJRNV0u6cae0kbAt7g75yNnRm7reF1jH7gTGxNkWk9mI/o5u0gws0M6Z/55fr9n

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