不定代词是不明确指代特定对象的代词。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。不定代词可以分为两类:
»anybody任何人 »somebody某人 »everybody每个人
»nobody没有人 »anyone任何人 »someone 某人
»everyone每个人 »no one没有人 »anything任何事物
»something某事;某物 »everything每件事物 »nothing没有什么
»all全部 »any任何一个 »each每一个
»another另一个 »both两者 »either(两者中的)任意一个
»few很少(的人或事物) »little少量 »many许多
»much很多 »neither(两者中)无一个
»none没有任何人或事物 »other(两者中)另一个 »some一些
one可指人,亦可指物,在句中可作主语、宾语或定语,其复数形式为ones,所有格形式为one’s,反身代词形式为oneself。具体用法如下:
»— Which girl is Maria? 哪个女孩是玛丽亚?
— The one who is playing the piano. 正在弹钢琴的那个。
»If I could make some rules for my family, I think the most important one would be to have all my family members do housework together. 如果我可以为我的家人制定一些规则,我认为最重要的一条规则是让所有的家庭成员一起做家务。(2022贵州安顺)
»The taste of the persimmon that I offered to the lady gives me more joy than all the ones I have eaten. 与我吃过的所有杮子相比,我送给这位女士的柿子的味道给我带来了更多的快乐。 (2022湖北襄阳)
» One should take care of oneself. 人应当照顾好自己。
»The art form can be played by a group of players or only one . (快板)这种艺术形式可以由一群或者一个表演者演奏。 (2022江苏常州)
it和one都可以替代上文中出现的名词,但it指代上文中的同一个事物,one 则指代上文中的同一类事物中的一个。如:
»I bought a CD player yesterday, but it doesn’t work now, so I have to choose another one . 昨天我买了一台CD播放机,可它现在坏了,所以我只好再选一台。
»The new models are either a bit faster or have better cameras, but they are basically no different from the ones already in our pockets. 新款(智能手机)要么运行速度快一点,要么拥有更好的照相功能,但是它们基本上和我们口袋里的手机没有什么不同。 (2022浙江)
some和any是表示不定数量的代词,都可以表示“一些”,可指人或其他可数的事物,也可指代不可数的事物。some常用在肯定句中,any常用在疑问句和否定句中。如:
» Some think he is strict; some think he is funny. 有些人认为他很严厉;有些人认为他很有趣。
»Did she buy any ? 她有买点儿吗?
»I don’t think there’s any left. 我想已经没有了。
»And remember, next time you want some cookies, eat an apple instead. 请记住,下次你想吃一些饼干的时候,吃一个苹果代替。 (2022浙江嘉兴)
»In fact, good chances do come in our life at any time. 事实上,在我们的生活中随时都有好机会。 (2022黑龙江哈尔滨)
在表示邀请、请求或建议,且希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中,也用some。
Would you like some milk? 你想要一些牛奶吗?
»Unluckily, at that time both her parents were ill, and she had to go out herself to pick wild fruit for them. 不幸的是,那个时候她的父母亲都生病了,她不得不一个人出去为他们采摘野果。 (2022山东菏泽)
» All the tickets have been sold out.所有的票都被卖光了。 (2022湖北武汉)
» Bot h / All felt that they would be the winner. 两人/所有人都觉得自己会是赢家。(作主语)
»These books are interesting. I’ll take bot h / all (of them). 这些书很有趣。两本/所有书我都买了。(作宾语)
»I shall read them bot h / all . 两本/所有书我都会看。(作同位语)
»— What would you like, coffee or cola? 你想喝什么,咖啡还是可乐?
— Neither . Milk is OK. 两个都不要。牛奶就可以了。 (2022四川遂宁)
»Even if none of them are perfect, you’ll still have many creative ideas to use for your final plan. 即使没有一个想法是完美的,你仍然会有很多创意可以用于你的最终计划。 (2022四川成都)
each意为“每一个”,可用作定语、主语、宾语和同位语。
»The students live and learn in four different countries each year. (旅行制高中的)学生们每年在四个不同的国家生活和学习。 (2023湖南长沙) (作定语)
» Each of them was holding a baby in their arms. 他们每个人怀里都抱着一个婴儿。 (2023广东) (作主语)
»He had four apples. So he gave two each . 他有四个苹果,所以他给了每人两个。(作宾语)
»In the whole process, I was taught that although we each had our own job to do in a show, it would take all of us working together to make the show great. 在整个过程当中,我领悟到,虽然我们在一个节目中各司其职,但需要我们所有人共同努力,才能使这个节目精彩。 (2022北京) (作同位语)
each作同位语时,谓语动词的数不受each影响,仍然和主语保持一致。
»We each have different needs and interests. 我们每个人都有不同的需求和兴趣。
»He moved from one city to another . 他从一个城市搬到另一个城市。
»So he moved to another place and dug another hole. 所以他搬到了另一个地方又挖了一个洞。 (2022广西柳州)
»That meant it could feed another 70 million people a year. 这意味着它(杂交水稻)每年可以再养活7000万人。 (2022湖北荆门)
1.“another+基数词+可数名词复数”相当于“基数词+more+可数名词复数”。
2.“another+可数名词单数”相当于“one more+可数名词单数”。
»Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again. (进食)之后它们(花栗鼠)又回去冬眠了两周,之后才醒来。 (2022河南)
»The next morning, Mike noticed he could take one more picture to complete the roll of film. 第二天早上,迈克发现再拍一张照片那一卷胶卷就用完了。 (2021北京)
»I enjoy team projects because I like sharing ideas with other people . 我喜欢团队项目,因为我喜欢与其他人分享想法。 (2023河北)
» Some people think plan A is better, and others think plan B is better. 有些人觉得方案A更好,有些人觉得方案B更好。
»Whenever something bad happens to us, we have two choices. One is to complain, and the other is to face it wisely. 每当不好的事情发生在我们身上时,我们有两种选择。一种是抱怨,另一种是机智地面对。 (2023黑龙江绥化)
»A player in one team throws the ball fast. A player in the other team tries to hit it. 一个队的一名队员快速投球。另一队的一名队员努力击中它。 (2023广西)
»Eli shared his chocolate with the other kids . 伊莱把他的巧克力和其他孩子一起分着吃了。
(a) few指代或修饰可数名词,(a) little指代或修饰不可数名词。a few(有几个;一些)、a little(一点儿)表示肯定含义;few(很少人或东西)、little(很少东西)表示否定含义。
»After a few weeks, this adult butterfly lays her eggs, and the cycle begins all over again. 几周后,这只成年蝴蝶产卵,这个循环又开始了。 (2023云南)
»You know, few things are as bad as they are seen at first. 你知道,很少有事情像最初看到的那样糟糕。 (2022湖北黄冈)
»If you’re free, you could turn your old clothes into new ones with just a little change.如果你有时间,你只需要用一点点的改变就可以把你的旧衣服改成新衣服。 (2021江苏连云港)
»Without this milk, the baby has little chance to live. 如果没有妈妈的奶,(大象)宝宝几乎没有生存的机会。 (2023江西)
»There are many people waiting for the bus. Many are children. 有很多人在等公交车。很多是儿童。
» Many of them have to come hours earlier to get a right place to set their cameras in time. 他们当中的许多人必须提前几个小时来找一个合适的地方及时把摄像机调好。 (2022江苏连云港)
» Much was on his mind that morning. 那天早上,他的脑子里想了很多事。
» Much of the garden was planted with lilies. 花园里的大部分区域种着百合花。
»During their time in space, they made many achievements for China’s space program. 在太空期间,他们为中国的太空计划做出了许多贡献。 (2022 山东菏泽)
»Then you will have much pain in it. 然后你会从中感受到很多痛苦。 (2021湖南张家界)
many、much可以和too构成不同的短语。虽然这几个短语形式相似,但是意义和用法却完全不同。
1. “too many+可数名词复数”意为“大量的,许多的”。
2. “too much+不可数名词”意为“大量的,许多的”。
3. “much too+形容词/副词”意为“太……”。
»I didn’t have too many difficulties getting money for the family. 赚钱养家方面我没有太大的困难。 (2022内蒙古通辽)
» Too much stress can make people sick. 压力太大会让人生病。 (2022山东济南)
»To me, the room looked much too untidy . 对我来说,这个房间看起来太乱了。
»There are two computers— either is acceptable. 有两台电脑,哪一台都可以接受。
»Cyclists face neither of these problems. 骑自行车的人这两个问题都不必面对。 (2022山东菏泽)
»But failure is a normal and natural part of life, which is neither bad nor good. 但失败是生活中正常而自然的一部分,没有好坏之分。 (2021湖北随州)
»I think she’s either Russian or Polish. 我看她不是俄罗斯人就是波兰人。
»You now have to either come up with a story or remember the story you made up as you were rushing to class. 你现在必须要么想出一个故事,要么记起你赶去上课时编造的那个故事。 (2022安徽)
»I’m going to buy either a camera or a cell phone with the money. 我打算用这笔钱买一部相机或手机。
»Peter can’t go and I can’t either . 皮特去不了,我也是。
»— Li Ping, I didn’t go summer camping last year. 李平,我去年没有去夏令营。
— Neither did I. 我也没有去。 (2022贵州铜仁)
neither表示“两者都不”;either表示“两者中的任何一个”;both表示“两 者都”;none表示“三者或三者以上都不”。
真题 — To go abroad or not to go after graduation, it’s a question.
— You may take ________ of the roads. But being home in the end matters. (2022江苏连云港)
A. neither B. either C. both D. none
解析 本题考查代词辨析。neither表示“两者都不”;either表示“两者中的任何一个”;both表示“两者都”;none表示“三者或三者以上都不”。由To go abroad or not to go abroad...it’s a question可知,该对话讨论的是如何从出国还是不出国这两条路中做选择。最后一句“But being home in the end matters.”强调了最终要在国内的重要性,But表示转折,由此可以推知前面一句说的是这两条路任选哪一条都可以,either符合语境,故选B。
» No one is perfect. Laughing at yourself means accepting who you are. 人无完人,自嘲意味着接纳自己。 (2022江苏无锡)
»A lot of clever ads have made them the coolest places in town, but none of them has ever told and will never tell you that too much fast food is not good for your health. 许多巧妙的广告使它们(快餐店)成为城里最酷的地方,但它们从来没有告诉过你,也永远不会告诉你,吃太多快餐对你的健康有害。 (2021山东德州)
»All of us can’t avoid making mistakes. After all, nobody is perfect.我们每个人都不能避免犯错。毕竟没有一个人是完美的。 (2022辽宁抚顺)( 作主语 )
»You can invite someone working in a bank to your club to give a talk . 你可以邀请在银行工作的人到你的俱乐部做演讲。 (2023广东) (作宾语)
»In his opinion, attitude is everything . 在他看来,态度决定一切。(作表语)
»Your results from these tests will not tell you everything . 这些检查的结果并不能告诉你一切。 (2023山西) (作宾语补足语)
»I have something interesting to tell you. 我有一些有趣的事要告诉你。
»I can’t hear anything . 我什么都听不见。
»Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点什么吗?
»Is there anything important in today’s newspaper? 今天报纸上有什么重要的消息吗?