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VERB 降低……的地位： to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem
【近】 humble, depress, disgrace, humiliate, downgrade, denigrate, demote, belittle, mortify, debase
【反】 elevate, ennoble, uplift
VERB 使感到尴尬、迷惑或羞愧： to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of
【近】 embarrass, confound, confuse, discomfit, disconcert, discountenance, faze, fluster, mortify, nonplus
VERB 减弱： to make smaller in amount, volume, or extent
【近】 decrease, dent, deplete, diminish, downscale, dwindle, ease, lessen
【反】 aggrandize, amplify, augment, boost, enlarge, escalate, expand, increase, raise
VERB 废除；使无效： to put an end to
【近】 abolish, abrogate, annul, disannul, dissolve, invalidate, negate, nullify, quash, void
VERB 正式放弃（权力、责任）： to give up (as a position of authority) formally
【近】 abnegate, cede, relinquish, renounce, resign, step aside, step down, surrender
VERB 放弃履行权力；推卸（职责）： to fail to do what is required by (a duty or responsibility)
ADJ 异常的；变态的： different from the usual or natural type; unusual or abnormal
【近】 deviant, deviate, devious, aberrational, abnormal, anomalous, atypical, irregular, unnatural, untypical
【反】 natural, normal, regular, standard, typical
VERB 怂恿；煽动： to help, encourage, or support someone in a criminal act
【近】 incite, brew, ferment, foment, instigate, pick, provoke, raise, stir, whip
【反】 stymie, frustrate, hinder, obstruct, thwart, impede, forestall
VERB 帮助；鼓励： to actively encourage
【近】 help, assist, aid, connive at, support
NOUN 暂时中止；搁置： temporary inactivity; suspension
【近】 cold storage, deep freeze, doldrums, dormancy, holding pattern, latency, moratorium, quiescence, suspense
【反】 continuance, continuation
VERB 憎恶： to dislike (someone or something) very much
【近】 hate, abominate, despise, detest, execrate, loathe, shrink from, shudder at
【反】 love, admire
VERB 坚持；忍受： to endure without yielding; to bear patiently
【近】 tolerate, accept, bear, endure, put up with, stand, suffer
VERB 继续；持续： to remain or continue
【近】 continue, bide, endure, hold on, hold up, keep up, last, perdure, persist, remain
【反】 cease, close, conclude, desist, discontinue, expire, lapse, pass, terminate, wind up
ADJ 持久的： continuing for a long time, not changing
【近】 ageless, dateless, enduring, eternal, everlasting, imperishable, ongoing, perennial, perpetual, persistent
【反】 evanescent, ephemeral
ADJ 非常卑微的： very humble, feeling or showing shame
【近】 base, humble, menial, servile, slavish
【反】 arrogant, haughty, high-handed, imperious, lordly, supercilious, superior, uppity
ADJ 境况差的： extremely bad or severe
VERB 正式放弃： to reject (something) formally
【近】 abnegate, forswear, recant, renege, renounce, repeal, repudiate, retract, withdraw
【反】 adhere, affirm, espouse, embrace
ADJ 熊熊燃烧的： in the process of burning; on fire
【近】 aflame, blazing, burning, combusting, conflagrant, fiery, flaming, ignited, inflamed, kindled
ADJ 光彩夺目的： glowing with light, color, or emotion
【近】 bright, alight, brightened, illuminated, illumined, light, lightsome, lit
VERB 拒绝： to formally reject
【近】 abjure, forswear, recant, renege, renounce, repeal, repudiate, retract, unsay, withdraw
【反】 adhere
VERB 放弃： to give up formally
【近】 abdicate, cede, relinquish, renounce, resign, step aside, step down, surrender
VERB 憎恶： to dislike strongly
【近】 abhor, hate, despise, detest, execrate, loathe
【反】 admire, love
ADJ 充满；大量存在： to be present in large numbers or in great quantity
【近】 brim, bulge, burst, buzz, overflow, pullulate
ADJ 无欺诈的；正大光明的： open, honest, and legal
VERB 磨损： to damage (something) by rubbing, grinding, or scraping
【近】 chafe, corrade, erode, fray, frazzle, fret, gall, rasp, rub, wear
ADV 并肩地；齐平地： used to describe two or more people or things that are next to each other in a line
VERB 缩短： to shorten in duration or extent
【近】 abbreviate, shorten, curtail, cut back, dock, elide, syncopate, truncate
【反】 elongate, extend, lengthen, prolong, protract
VERB 废除；取消： to end or cancel (something) in a formal and official way
【近】 abate, abolish, annul, disannul, dissolve, invalidate, negate, nullify, quash, repeal
VERB 抛开；无视： to fail to do what is required by (something, such as a responsibility)
VERB 偷偷离开；潜逃： to go away or escape from a place secretly
【近】 escape, break out, clear out, flee, fly, get out, lam, run away, run off
ADJ 专制的；独裁的： having unlimited power
【近】 arbitrary, autocratic, czarist , despotic, dictatorial, monocratic, tyrannical, tyrannous
ADJ 无限的： not limited in any way
ADJ 完全的；绝对的： complete and total
VERB 免除（责任）；免罪： to make (someone) free from guilt, responsibility, etc.
【近】 exculpate, acquit, clear, exonerate, vindicate
【反】 criminate, incriminate
ADJ 引人入胜的： fully taking one’s attention; engrossing
【近】 interesting, arresting, consuming, engaging, engrossing, enthralling, fascinating, gripping, immersing, intriguing
【反】 boring, drab, dry, dull, heavy, monotonous, tedious, uninteresting
VERB 节制；禁绝： to choose not to do or have something
VERB 不投票： to choose not to vote
ADJ 有节制的： not eating and drinking too much
【近】 abstentious, abstinent, continent, self-abnegating, self-denying, sober, temperate
【反】 self-indulgent
ADJ 节俭的： sparing in consumption of especially food and drink
NOUN 禁欲： the practice of not doing or having something that is wanted or enjoyable; the practice of abstaining from something
【近】 continence, self-abnegation, self-denial, sobriety, temperance
【反】 self-indulgence
VERB [æb'strækt] 概括： relating to or involving general ideas or qualities rather than specific people, objects, or actions
【近】 summarize, brief, digest, encapsulate, epitomize, outline, recap, recapitulate, sum up, synopsize
VERB [æb'strækt] 使分心： to draw away the attention of
【近】 distract, call off, detract, divert, throw off
【反】 concentrate, focus
ADJ ['æbstrækt] 抽象的： of art, expressing ideas and emotions by using elements such as colors and lines without attempting to create a realistic picture
【近】 nonfigurative, nonobjective, nonrealistic, nonrepresentational
【反】 figurative, naturalistic, nonabstract, objective, realistic, representational
ADJ 深奥难懂的： hard to understand
【近】 profound, arcane, deep, esoteric, hermetic, recondite
【反】 shallow, superficial
ADJ 荒谬可笑的： ridiculously unreasonable, unsound, or incongruous
【近】 ridiculous, outrageous, unbelievable, daft, irrational, senseless, preposterous, illogical, incongruous, idiotic
【反】 reasonable
VERB 侮辱： to attack in words; revile
【近】 attack, assail, bash, belabor, blast, castigate, excoriate, lambaste, vituperate, scathe
VERB 虐待： to treat (a person or animal) in a harsh or harmful way
【近】 brutalize, bully, ill-treat, ill-use, kick around, maltreat, manhandle, mishandle, mistreat, misuse
VERB 滥用： to use or treat (something) in a way that causes damage
【近】 misapply, misemploy, misuse, pervert, profane
VERB 毗邻： to touch along an edge
【近】 adjoin, border, butt, flank, fringe, join, march, neighbor, skirt, verge
ADJ 极坏的： extremely poor or bad
ADJ 极深的；深不可测的： having immense or fathomless extension downward, backward, or inward
【近】 deep, bottomless, profound
【反】 shallow, shoal, skin-deep, superficial, surface
VERB 同意： to agree to a request or a demand
【近】 acquiesce, agree, assent, come round, consent, subscribe
【反】 dissent
VERB 接受职位： to enter a high office or position
VERB 强调： to make (something) more noticeable
【近】 accent, emphasize, feature, foreground, highlight, illuminate, play up, press, punctuate, stress
【反】 de-emphasize, play down
ADJ 可以获得的；可以达到的： able to be used or obtained
【近】 available, acquirable, attainable, obtainable, procurable
【反】 inaccessible, unattainable, unavailable, unobtainable
ADJ 可以理解的： easy to appreciate or understand
【近】 intelligible, apprehensible, coherent, comprehendible, comprehensible, fathomable, graspable, legible, scrutable, understandable
【反】 incoherent, incomprehensible, inscrutable, insensible
ADJ 附属的： something added to something else to make it more useful, attractive, or effective
【近】 accessorial, auxiliary, appurtenant, peripheral, supplemental, supplementary
【反】 chief, main, principal
NOUN 帮凶： someone who helps another person commit a crime
【近】 abettor, accomplice, cohort, confederate
VERB 赞扬： to praise (someone or something) in a very strong and enthusiastic way
【近】 accredit, applaud, cheer, crack up, hail, laud, praise, salute, tout, doff
【反】 knock, pan, slam
VERB （使）适应： to adjust or adapt to a new climate, place, or situation
【近】 adapt, acclimatize, accommodate, adjust, condition, conform, doctor, shape, suit, tailor
NOUN 赞扬： an award or an expression of praise
【近】 encomium, dithyramb, eulogium, eulogy, homage, hymn, paean, panegyric, salutation, tribute
VERB 提供住宿： to provide room for (someone); to provide a place to stay and sleep for (someone)
【近】 bestow, billet, board, bunk, camp, chamber, domicile, encamp, harbor, lodge
VERB 使适应；调节： to get used to a new situation or to make yourself do this
【近】 acclimate, acclimatize, adapt, adjust, condition, conform, edit, fashion, fit, suit
ADJ 乐于助人的： willing to do what someone else wants or requests
【近】 accommodative, friendly, obliging
NOUN 伴奏： music played to support a person who is singing or playing a musical instrument
【近】 obbligato
NOUN 相配物；同时发生的事情： something that is done or that happens at the same time as something else
【近】 attendant, companion, concomitant, incident
VERB 冒失地搭话： to approach and speak to (someone) often in an angry, aggressive, or unwanted way
NOUN 解释；说明： a statement of explanation or of reasons or causes
NOUN 记述；报道： a statement of facts or events, report
VERB 认为；把……看作： to think of (someone or something) in a specified way
【近】 consider, call, count, esteem, hold, rate, reckon, regard, set down, view
NOUN 有义务；应负责任： the quality or state of being accountable, especially an obligation or willingness to accept responsibility or to account for one’s actions
VERB 累积： to grow or become attached by accretion
【近】 collect, accumulate, amass, build up, concentrate, conglomerate, gather, mass, pile, stack
VERB 共生： to cause to adhere or become attached; accumulate
VERB 累积： to increase in value or amount gradually as time passes; to grow or build up slowly
VERB 获得： to come to or be given to someone
NOUN 文化适应： cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture, also, a merging of cultures as a result of prolonged contact, the process by which a human being acquires the culture of a particular society from infancy
ADJ 尖酸刻薄的： expressing harsh or sharp criticism in a clever way
【近】 acerb, acrid, barbed, biting, sarcastic, mordant, pungent, sardonic, scathing, tart
NOUN 酸性；酸度： the quality, state, or degree of being acid
NOUN 尖刻： the state of being excessively acid
【近】 acerbity, acidness, acridity, acrimony, acuteness, harshness, poignancy, pungency, sharpness, tartness
【反】 mildness, softness
VERB 承认（事实或情况）： to say that you accept or do not deny the truth or existence of (something)
【近】 admit, agree, allow, concede, confess, fess, grant
【反】 deny
NOUN 顶点；最高点： the highest point of something
【近】 apex, climax, crest, culmination, meridian, peak, pinnacle, sum, top, zenith
【反】 bottom, nadir, rock bottom
VERB 熟知；了解： to cause (someone) to know and become familiar with something
【近】 accustom, familiarize, initiate, introduce, orient, orientate
VERB 勉强同意；默许： to accept, agree, or allow something to happen by staying silent or by not arguing
【近】 accede, agree, assent, come round, consent, subscribe
【反】 dissent
NOUN 获得；习得： the act of acquiring
【近】 accession, obtainment
ADJ 贪得无厌的： having a strong desire to own or acquire more things
【近】 greedy, avaricious, avid, coveting, covetous, grabby, grasping, mercenary, moneygrubbing, rapacious
NOUN 宣告无罪： the act of deciding that a person is not guilty of a crime; the act of acquitting someone
【近】 clearing, exculpation, exoneration, vindication
【反】 conviction
ADJ 辛辣的；刺鼻的： bitter and unpleasant in taste or smell
ADJ 刻薄的： deeply or violently bitter; acrimonious
【近】 acerbic, acid, acidic, caustic, corrosive, mordant, pungent, sarcastic, sardonic, satiric
【反】 affable, cordial, genial, gracious, hospitable, sociable
ADJ 尖酸刻薄的： angry and bitter
【近】 acrid, bitter, embittered, hard, rancorous, resentful, sore
【反】 unbitter
ADJ 杂技的： difficult physical acts such as jumping and balancing, especially in a circus
NOUN 行动主义；激进主义； a doctrine or practice that emphasizes direct vigorous action especially in support of or opposition to one side of a controversial issue
NOUN 敏锐；精明： the ability to think clearly and make good decisions
【近】 astuteness, caginess, canniness, clear-sightedness, foxiness, hardheadedness, intelligence, keenness, knowingness, sharpness
ADJ 严峻的；剧烈的： very serious or dangerous, requiring serious attention or action
【近】 dreadful, excruciating, explosive, exquisite, fearful, ferocious, fierce, vehement, vicious
【反】 light, moderate, soft
ADJ 敏锐的： having or showing an ability to think clearly and to understand what is not obvious or simple about something
【近】 delicate, fine, keen, perceptive, quick, sensitive, sharp
ADJ 急性的： having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course
ADJ 特别的： formed or used for a special purpose
ADJ 即兴的： made or done without planning because of an immediate need
【近】 extemporaneous, ad-lib, extemporary, impromptu, improvisational, offhand, snap
【反】 considered, planned, premeditated, premeditative, prepared, rehearsed
ADJ 坚决的；固执的： not willing to change an opinion or decision; very determined
【近】 obstinate, adamantine, obdurate, opinionated, ossified, pertinacious, perverse, pigheaded, stubborn, willful
【反】 acquiescent, agreeable, amenable, compliant, complying, flexible, pliable, pliant, relenting, yielding
VERB 演讲；对……说话： to speak to (a person or group)
VERB 处理： to deal with, treat
VERB 引用： to mention or provide (something, such as a fact or example) as evidence or proof to support an argument
【近】 quote, cite, instance, mention
ADJ 足够的；充分的；胜任的： enough for some need or requirement, or of a quality that is good or acceptable
【近】 acceptable, decent, fairish, passable, respectable, satisfactory, serviceable, tolerable
【反】 deficient, inadequate, insufficient, lacking, unacceptable, unsatisfactory, wanting
VERB 坚持： to stick to something
【近】 stick, cleave, cling, hew
VERB 紧贴；黏附： to attach firmly to something
NOUN 拥护者： a person who is loyal to a leader, group, or religion; a person who adheres to or supports a system or set of principles
ADJ 黏附的： able or tending to adhere
【近】 sticky, adhesive, clingy, gluey, glutinous, gummy, tacky, tenacious, viscid
【反】 nonadhesive
ADJ 临近的： close or near, sharing a border, wall, or point
【近】 abutting, adjoining, conterminous, contiguous, flanking, flush, juxtaposed, skirting, touching, verging
【反】 nonadjacent, noncontiguous
VERB 延期；休会： to end something (such as a meeting or session) for a period of time
【近】 prorogate, prorogue, recess, suspend
VERB 裁决；判定： to make an official decision about who is right in a dispute
【近】 adjudge, judge, arbitrate, decide, determine, referee, rule, settle, umpire
NOUN 附属物： something that is joined or added to another thing but is not an essential part of it
NOUN 帮手；辅助的人： a person connected with another as a helper or subordinate associate, an adjunct teacher, professor, etc.
【近】 helper, adjutant, aid, apprentice, assistant, coadjutor, deputy, helpmate, helpmeet, lieutenant
ADJ 附属的： added or joined in order to be used with something
VERB 恳请： to urge or advise earnestly
【近】 advise, admonish, counsel
VERB 严令： to command solemnly under or as if under oath or penalty of a curse
【近】 command, bid, charge, direct, enjoin, instruct, order, tell
【反】 mind, obey
ADJ 即兴的： spoken, composed, or performed without preparation
【近】 extemporaneous, extemporary, extempore, impromptu, improvisational, improvised, off-the-cuff, offhand, offhanded, spur-of-the-moment
【反】 considered, planned, premeditated, premeditative, prepared, rehearsed
ADJ 可接受的： able to be admitted or allowed, especially, able to be allowed or considered in a legal case
【近】 permissible, allowable
【反】 banned, barred, forbidden, impermissible, inadmissible, interdicted, prohibited, proscribed, verboten
VERB 警告；告诫： to speak to (someone) in a way that expresses disapproval or criticism
【近】 rebuke, chide, reprimand, reproach, reprove, tick off
VERB 力劝；激励： to tell or urge (someone) to do something
【近】 adjure, advise, counsel
ADJ 青春期的；青少年的： a young person who is developing into an adult; a young person who is going through adolescence
【近】 young, immature, juvenile, youngish, youthful
【反】 adult, grown-up, mature, matured
NOUN 喜欢；爱慕： strong feelings of love or admiration
ADJ 机敏的；灵巧的： very clever or skillful
【近】 skillful, bravura, deft, delicate, dexterous, masterful, masterly, practiced, virtuoso, workmanlike
【反】 amateur, amateurish, artless, rude, unprofessional, unskillful
VERB 奉承： to flatter or praise obsequiously
【近】 flatter, belaud, blarney, butter up, hero-worship, honey, massage, overpraise, puff, stroke
VERB 掺杂： to make (something, such as a food or drink) impure or weaker by adding something of poor quality
【近】 cut, dilute, extend, lace, sophisticate, thin, water down, weaken
【反】 enrich, fortify, richen, strengthen
VERB 隐约预示： to foreshadow vaguely; intimate
【近】 foreshadow, forerun, harbinger, herald, prefigure
VERB 勾画出……的轮廓；部分揭示： to suggest, disclose, or outline partially
NOUN 到来： a coming into being or use
【近】 arrival, appearance, coming, incoming
【反】 decamping, decampment, departing, departure, disappearance, exit, exiting, farewell, quitting
ADJ 偶然的： arising or occurring sporadically or in other than the usual location
【近】 accidental, supervenient
ADJ 外来的： occurring spontaneously or accidentally in a country or region to which it is not native
【近】 extrinsic, alien, extraneous, external, foreign
【反】 inherent, innate, intrinsic
ADJ （爱）冒险的： not afraid to do new and dangerous or exciting things
【近】 adventuresome, bold, audacious, daring, emboldened, enterprising, gutsy, venturesome, venturous
【反】 unadventurous, unenterprising
NOUN 对手： an enemy or opponent
NOUN 困境；逆境： a difficult situation or condition, misfortune or tragedy
【近】 misfortune, ill, knock, misadventure, mischance, mishap, tragedy
【反】 fortune, luck, serendipity
VERB 引起注意；注意（到）： to call attention in the course of speaking or writing
ADJ 深思熟虑的： thought out, considered, often used in combination “ill-advised plans”
【近】 deliberate, calculated, considered, knowing, measured, reasoned, studied, thoughtful, thought-out, weighed
【反】 casual, unadvised, uncalculated, unconsidered, unstudied
VERB 支持；拥护： to support or argue for (a cause, policy, etc. )
【近】 support, back, champion, endorse, patronize, plump for, plunk for
NOUN 支持者；拥护者： a person who argues for or supports a cause or policy
【近】 exponent, advocator, apostle, backer, booster, herald, hierophant, proponent, protagonist, supporter
【反】 adversary, antagonist, opponent
ADJ 友善的： friendly and easy to talk to
【近】 amiable, agreeable, genial, good-natured, good-tempered, gracious, mellow, well-disposed
【反】 disagreeable, ill-natured, ill-tempered, unamiable, ungenial, ungracious, unpleasant
VERB 影响： to have an effect on
VERB 假装；做作： to pretend that a false behavior or feeling is natural or genuine
VERB 喜欢；倾向于： to cause strong emotions in
NOUN 做作： an unnatural form of behavior that is meant to impress others
【近】 pretense, affectedness, grandiosity, inflation, pretension, pretentiousness
NOUN 喜爱： a feeling of liking and caring for someone or something
【近】 love, attachment, devotedness, devotion, fondness, passion
【反】 abomination, hate, hatred, loathing, rancor
ADJ 有关联的；附属的： closely associated with another typically in a dependent or subordinate position
【近】 related, akin, allied, kindred
【反】 unrelated
NOUN 亲密；亲缘： a feeling of closeness and understanding that someone has for another person because of their similar qualities, ideas, or interests
NOUN 喜好： a liking for or an attraction to something
【近】 affection, inclination, aptitude, partiality, penchant, propensity, tendency, turn
VERB 证实；公开肯定： to say that something is true in a confident way
【近】 assert, aver, avouch, avow, declare, guarantee, lay down, profess
VERB 断言；坚称： to show a strong belief in or dedication to (something, such as an important idea)
【近】 claim, allege, assert, aver, avouch, avow, profess, protest, purport, warrant
【反】 deny, gainsay
ADJ 肯定的；积极的： saying or showing that the answer is yes rather than no
【近】 positive
【反】 negative
VERB 黏合；附加： to attach (something) to something else
【近】 fasten, attach, bend, fix
【反】 detach, undo, unfasten, unhook
VERB 折磨；使痛苦： to cause pain or suffering to (someone or something)
【近】 agonize, anguish, bedevil, excruciate, harrow, persecute, plague, torment, torture
ADJ 富裕的： having a large amount of money and owning many expensive things
【近】 rich, flush, loaded, moneyed, opulent, silk-stocking, wealthy, well-endowed, well-heeled, well-off
【反】 destitute, impecunious, impoverished, indigent, needy, penniless, penurious, poor
NOUN 侮辱： an action or statement that insults or offends someone
【近】 insult, barb, brickbat, cut, offense, outrage, personality, poke, sarcasm
VERB 增加；提高： to make great or greater; increase; enlarge
【近】 accelerate, increase, amplify, augment, boost, build up, compound, enlarge, extend, supersize
【反】 abate, decrease, de-escalate, diminish, downsize, dwindle, lessen, lower, minify, reduce
VERB 赞扬；夸大： to make appear great or greater; praise highly
【近】 exalt, canonize, deify, dignify, elevate, ennoble, enshrine, ensky, enthrone, magnify
【反】 abase, degrade, demean, humble, humiliate
VERB 加重；恶化： to make (an injury, problem, etc. ) more serious or severe
【近】 exacerbate, complicate, worsen
【反】 allay, alleviate, assuage, ease, help, mitigate, relieve
VERB 激怒： to make (someone) angry; to annoy or bother (someone)
【近】 annoy, bother, chafe, exasperate, frost, nettle, rile, ruffle, spite, vex
VERB 使痛苦： to give pain or trouble to; distress
VERB 伤害： to inflict injury on
ADJ 敏捷的： able to move quickly and easily
【近】 lissome, lithe, lithesome, nimble, spry
【反】 awkward, clumsy, gawky, klutzy, lumbering, ungainly, ungraceful
ADJ 机敏的： quick, smart, and clever
VERB 使不安： to disturb, excite, or anger (someone)
【近】 disturb, concern, derail, discomfort, discompose, flurry, frazzle, fuss, hagride, perturb
【反】 calm, compose, quiet, settle, soothe, tranquilize
VERB 煽动；激起： to try to get people to support or oppose something
【近】 stir, churn, swirl, wash, whirl
NOUN 宣传；煽动： propaganda, especially political propaganda promulgated chiefly in literature, drama, music, or art
ADJ 极度感兴趣的： full of interest or excitement because of something
【近】 avid, desirous, enthused, impatient, juiced, pumped, raring, solicitous, voracious, wild
【反】 apathetic, indifferent, uneager, unenthusiastic
VERB 使痛苦；痛苦；挣扎： to think or worry very much about something
【近】 afflict, anguish, bedevil, beset, besiege, curse, excruciate, harrow, persecute, torture
NOUN 助手： a person whose job is to assist someone
【近】 adjunct, adjutant, aid, helper, apprentice, assistant, coadjutor, deputy, lieutenant, sidekick
ADJ 空气传播的；空运的： in the air, moving or being carried through the air
ADJ 密封的： tightly sealed so that no air can get in or out
ADJ 无瑕疵的： having no noticeable weakness, flaw, or loophole
ADJ 类似的；相关的： similar or related
【近】 affiliated, related, allied, kindred
【反】 unrelated
NOUN 欣然；乐意；敏捷： a quick and cheerful readiness to do something
【近】 amenability, gameness, goodwill, obligingness, willingness
NOUN 危言耸听者；杞人忧天者： a person who alarms others needlessly
CONJ 尽管： even though
【近】 although, as, howbeit, much as, notwithstanding, though, when, whereas, while
NOUN 不在场证明： a claim that you cannot be guilty of a crime because you were somewhere else when the crime was committed, also, evidence which shows that such a claim is true
NOUN 托词；借口： an excuse for not being somewhere or doing something
【近】 excuse, apology, defense, justification, plea, reason
NOUN 外星人： a creature that comes from somewhere other than the planet Earth
NOUN 外国人；陌生人： a person who was born in a different country and is not a citizen of the country in which he or she now lives
ADJ 不同的；不熟悉的： not familiar or like other things you have known; different from what you are used to
ADJ 不相容的；格格不入的： too different from something to be acceptable or suitable
VERB 疏远： to make (someone) unfriendly; to cause (someone) to stop being friendly, helpful, etc. , towards you; to cause (someone) to feel withdrawn or diverted
【近】 alien, estrange, disaffect
【反】 reconcile
VERB 转移；变卖： to convey or transfer (as property or a right) usually by a specific act rather than the due course of law
VERB 着陆： (of insects, birds, etc. ) to stop on a surface after flying
【近】 land, light, perch, roost, settle, touch down
【反】 blast off, take off
ADJ 燃烧着的；洋溢着的： full of light; lighted up
【近】 ablaze, bright, brightened, illuminated, illumined, light, lightsome, lit
【反】 blackened, dark, dimmed, dusk, dusky, lightless, tenebrous, unlit
VERB 使排成一行： to arrange things so that they form a line or are in proper position
VERB 调准： to change (something) so that it agrees with or matches something else
VERB 使成为同一立场： to join a group that is supporting or opposing something
VERB 减轻： to make (something) less severe or strong
【近】 help, alleviate, assuage, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe
【反】 aggravate, exacerbate
VERB 宣称（但还未被证实）： to state without definite proof that someone has done something wrong or illegal
【近】 affirm, claim, assert, aver, avouch, avow, profess, protest, purport, warrant
【反】 deny, gainsay
NOUN 忠诚： loyalty to a person, country, group, etc.
【近】 adhesion, fidelity, attachment, commitment, constancy, devotion, faith, loyalty, piety, troth
【反】 disloyalty, faithlessness, falseness, falsity, inconstancy, infidelity, perfidiousness, perfidy, treachery, unfaithfulness
NOUN 寓言；讽刺： a story in which the characters and events are symbols that stand for ideas about human life or for a political or historical situation
【近】 apologue, fable, parable
VERB 减轻： to reduce the pain or trouble of (something), to make (something) less painful, difficult, or severe
【近】 allay, help, assuage, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe
【反】 aggravate, exacerbate
NOUN 联盟： a union between people, groups, countries, etc.; a relationship in which people agree to work together
【近】 confederacy, axis, block, coalition, combination, combine, confederation, federation, union
NOUN 小团体： a group of people, countries, etc. that are joined together in some activity or effort
NOUN 分配： to divide and give out (something) for a special reason or to particular people, companies, etc.
【近】 admeasurement, distribution, allotment, apportionment, dispensation, division, issuance
NOUN 津贴；补贴： an amount of money that is given to someone regularly or for a specific purpose
【近】 allotment, share, cut, end, part, piece, portion, proportion, quota, slice
NOUN 考虑；体谅： the act of considering things that could affect a result
NOUN 限额；默许： an amount of something (such as time) that is allowed or available
【近】 permission, authorization, clearance, concurrence, consent, granting, leave, sanction, sufferance, warrant
【反】 interdiction, prohibition, proscription
NOUN 合金： a metal made by melting and mixing two or more metals or a metal and another material together
【近】 admixture, blend, amalgam, cocktail, combination, compound, conflation, fusion, synthesis
VERB 混合： to mix so as to form an alloy
VERB 暗示；间接提到： to make indirect reference; refer
【近】 hint, imply, indicate, infer, insinuate, intimate, suggest
NOUN 魅力： power to attract; a quality that attracts people
【近】 charm, magnetism, appeal, attractiveness, captivation, charisma, enchantment, fascination, glamour, magic
【反】 repulsion, repulsiveness
VERB 诱惑： to entice by charm or attraction
【近】 lure, bait, beguile, betray, decoy, entice, lead on, seduce, solicit, tempt
NOUN 暗示；引喻： a statement that refers to something without mentioning it directly or hinting at something; an indirect reference especially in literature
NOUN 同盟国： a country that supports and helps another country in a war
VERB 结盟；结合： to join (yourself ) with another person, group, etc., in order to get or give support
ADV 在空中： in the air
ADV 在高处；在上方： to or in a higher place
【近】 above, over, overhead
【反】 below, beneath, under
ADJ 不合群的；高冷的： not friendly or outgoing
【近】 antisocial, asocial, detached, distant, frosty, offish, remote, standoff, unbending, unsociable
【反】 cordial, friendly, sociable, social, warm
ADJ 另外的；替代性的： offering or expressing a choice
ADJ 另类的： not usual or traditional
NOUN 无私；利他主义： feelings and behavior that show a desire to help other people and a lack of selfishness
VERB 合并；混合： to unite (two or more things, such as two businesses) into one thing
【近】 blend, combine, composite, incorporate, integrate, interfuse, meld, merge, mingle, mix
【反】 break down, break up, separate, unmix
VERB 收集： to gather or collect (something, such as a large amount of money) especially for yourself
【近】 accumulate, gather, assemble, collect, concentrate, congregate, constellate, corral, garner, group
【反】 dispel, disperse, dissipate, scatter
NOUN 业余爱好者： a person who does something (such as a sport or hobby) for pleasure and not as a job
【近】 dabbler, dilettante, hobbyist, layman, nonexpert, nonprofessional
【反】 authority, expert, pro, professional, specialist
ADJ 引起歧义的；模棱两可的： able to be understood in more than one way; having more than one possible meaning
ADJ 难以理解的： not expressed or understood clearly
【近】 obscure, arcane, cryptic, elliptical, enigmatic, equivocal, fuliginous, inscrutable, nebulous, occult
【反】 accessible, clear, nonambiguous, obvious, plain, unambiguous, unequivocal
NOUN 目标： a particular goal or aim, something that a person hopes to do or achieve
【近】 aim, aspiration, design, goal, mark, meaning, object, pretension, purpose, target
NOUN 雄心；抱负： a desire to be successful, powerful, or famous
【近】 ambitiousness, aspiration, go-getting
ADJ 矛盾的： uncertain or unable to decide about what course to follow
VERB 漫步： to walk slowly in a free and relaxed way
【近】 hike, perambulate, ramble, saunter, stroll, tramp, tromp
VERB 改善： to make (something, such as a problem) better, less painful, etc.
【近】 improve, amend, better, enhance, enrich, help, meliorate, perfect, refine, upgrade
【反】 worsen
ADJ 乐意接受的；愿意的： willing to agree or to accept something that is wanted or asked for
【近】 willing, disposed, fain, game, glad, inclined, minded, ready
【反】 disinclined, unamenable, unwilling
ADJ 好控制的： able to be controlled, organized, or affected by something
【近】 obedient, biddable, compliant, conformable, docile, law-abiding, submissive, tractable
【反】 balky, contumacious, defiant, disobedient, froward, intractable, obstreperous, rebel, untoward, wayward
VERB 修正： to change some of the words and often the meaning of (a law, document, etc. )
【近】 correct, debug, emend, rectify, red-pencil, reform, remedy
VERB 改进： to change and improve (something, such as a mistake or bad situation)
【近】 ameliorate, improve, better, enhance, enrich, help, meliorate, perfect, refine, upgrade
【反】 worsen
NOUN 宜人；方便；享受： pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions
NOUN 便利设施： something that conduces to comfort, convenience, or enjoyment
【近】 accommodation, comfort, convenience, creature comfort, luxury, nicety
ADJ 友好的： friendly and pleasant
【近】 affable, agreeable, genial, good-natured, good-tempered, gracious, mellow, nice, well-disposed
【反】 disagreeable, ill-natured, ill-tempered, unamiable, ungenial, ungracious, unpleasant
ADJ 友善的： showing a polite and friendly desire to avoid disagreement and argument
【近】 agreeable, harmonious, compatible, congenial, frictionless, kindred, unanimous, united
【反】 disagreeable, discordant, disharmonious, disunited, incompatible, inharmonious, uncongenial
PREP 在其中： in or into the middle of (something)
【近】 among, mid, midst, through
NOUN 友善： a feeling of friendship; friendly relations between nations or groups
【近】 goodwill, benevolence, charity, cordiality, cordialness, fellowship, friendliness, friendship, gemutlichkeit, neighborliness
【反】 ill will, malevolence, venom
NOUN 健忘症： (medical) a condition in which a person is unable to remember things because of brain injury, shock, or illness
ADJ 不明确的；模糊的： being without definite character or nature
ADJ 无定形的；难以名状的： having no definite or clear shape or form
【近】 formless, shapeless, unformed, unshaped, unstructured
【反】 formed, shaped, shapen, structured
NOUN 振幅： a measurement that indicates the movement or vibration of something (such as a sound wave or a radio wave)
NOUN 时代错误；过时： something (such as a word, an object, or an event) that is mistakenly placed in a time where it does not belong in a story, movie, etc.
NOUN 止痛药： (medical) a drug that relieves pain
【近】 painkiller, anesthetic, anodyne
ADJ 类似的： similar in some way
【近】 akin, cognate, comparable, connate, correspondent, corresponding, parallel, resemblant, resembling
【反】 different, dissimilar, diverse, unakin, unlike
ADJ 无政府的；无秩序的： not following or having any laws or rules, wild and uncontrolled
【近】 lawless, disorderly, lawbreaking, unruly
【反】 law-abiding, orderly
NOUN 极其讨厌的人或事物： someone or something that is very strongly disliked
【近】 abhorrence, abomination, hate, antipathy, aversion, bête noire, detestation, execration
【反】 love
NOUN 指责；诅咒： the denunciation of something as accursed
【近】 curse, ban, execration, imprecation, malediction, malison, winze
【反】 benediction, benison, blessing
NOUN 解剖： (biology) the study of the structure of living things
【近】 anatomizing, analysis, assay, breakdown, deconstruction, dissection
NOUN 结构；构造： the parts that form a living thing (such as an animal or plant)
NOUN 祖先： a person’s ancestors, the people who were in your family in past times
【反】 issue, posterity, progeny, seed
NOUN 家世；家系： line of descent, lineage, especially honorable, noble, or aristocratic descent
【近】 birth, blood, breeding, descent, extraction, origin, parentage, pedigree, stock, strain
NOUN 锚： a heavy device that is attached to a boat or ship by a rope or chain and that is thrown into the water to hold the boat or ship in place
NOUN 支持；靠山： a reliable or principle support
【近】 dependence, buttress, mainstay, pillar, reliance, standby
NOUN 新闻节目主播： an anchorman or anchorwoman
【近】 anchorperson, newscaster, newsreader
VERB 稳固： to secure firmly
【近】 fasten, catch, clamp, fix, hitch, moor, secure, set
【反】 loose, loosen, unfasten, unfix, unloose, unloosen
ADJ 辅助的： providing something additional to a main part or function
NOUN 趣闻轶事： a short story about an interesting or funny event or occurrence
【近】 story, tale, yarn
NOUN 麻醉剂： (medical) a drug that causes a person to lose feeling and to feel no pain in part or all of the body
【近】 analgesic, painkiller, anodyne
ADJ 无意识的；麻木的： lacking awareness or sensitivity
NOUN 批评： harsh criticism or disapproval
ADJ 有活力的： full of life
【近】 animated, bouncing, brisk, energetic, frisky, gay, jaunty, jazzy, kinetic, mettlesome
【反】 dead, inactive, inanimate, lackadaisical, languid, languishing, languorous, leaden, vapid
VERB 使有活力；使行动： to give vigor and zest, to move to action
【近】 brace, energize, enliven, fillip, invigorate, quicken, stimulate, vitalize, vivify
【反】 damp, dampen, deaden, dull, kill, spike
VERB 鼓励： to give spirit and support to
NOUN 敌意： a strong feeling of dislike or hatred
【近】 animosity, enmity, antagonism, antipathy, gall, grudge, hostility, jaundice, rancor
【反】 amity
VERB 退火： to heat and then slowly cool (metal, glass, etc. ) in order to make it stronger
VERB 锻炼；磨炼；使坚强： to strengthen, toughen
VERB 附加： to add (an area or region) to a country, state, etc.
【近】 adjoin, add, append, subjoin, tack
【反】 abate, bate, deduct, knock off, remove, subtract, take off
VERB 吞并： to take control of (a territory or place)
VERB 击败；破坏；使无效： to destroy (something or someone) completely
【近】 abolish, cancel, efface, eradicate, erase, expunge, exterminate, extirpate, liquidate, obliterate
VERB 注解： to add notes or comments to (a text, book, drawing, etc.)
NOUN 生气；厌烦： the state or feeling of being annoyed; vexation
【近】 aggravation, bother, exasperation, frustration, grief, irritation, vexation
【反】 delight, pleasure
VERB 宣告无效；使无效： to say officially that something is no longer valid, to make (something) legally void
【近】 negative, neutralize
ADJ 平淡乏味的；无害的： not likely to offend,excite, interest, or upset anyone
ADJ 起镇静作用的；抚慰的： serving to alleviate pain
ADJ 异常的： not expected or usual
【近】 aberrant, aberrated, abnormal, exceptional, atypical, especial, exceeding, extraordinaire, extraordinary
【反】 common, customary, normal, ordinary, typical, unexceptional, unextraordinary, usual
ADJ 应交代的： required to explain actions or decisions to someone
ADJ 负有责任的： responsible for something
【近】 accountable, amenable, responsible, liable
【反】 irresponsible, nonaccountable, unaccountable
VERB 对抗： to act in opposition to; counteract
VERB 激起敌意： to cause (someone) to feel hostile or angry; to irritate or upset (someone)
【近】 embitter, empoison, envenom
ADJ 南极的： of or relating to the South Pole or the region around it
VERB 提前： to give an earlier date rather than the actual date to (something)
【近】 antecede, precede, forego, predate, preexist
【反】 follow, postdate, succeed
VERB 早于： to be earlier or older than (something)
ADJ 旧的；过时的： very old or old-fashioned
【近】 aged, age-old, ancient, antique, dateless, hoar, hoary, immemorial, old, venerable
【反】 modern, new, recent
ADJ 前面的： near or toward the front of something (such as the body)
【近】 front, fore, forward, frontal, frontward
【反】 aft, after, hind, hinder, hindmost, posterior, rear, rearward
NOUN 选集： a published collection of writings (such as poems or short stories) by different authors
【近】 album, collectanea, compendium, compilation, florilegium, miscellany, reader
ADJ 拟人的： described or thought of as being like human beings in appearance, behavior, etc.
NOUN 搞笑： an attention-drawing often wildly playful or funny act or action
【近】 prank, caper, capriccio, dido, escapade, frolic, gag, jest, knavery, monkeyshine
NOUN 解药；克服……的良方： a substance that stops the harmful effects of a poison; something that corrects or improves the bad effects of something
【近】 cure, corrective, curative, remedy, therapeutic, therapy
NOUN 反物质： matter composed of antiparticles
NOUN 厌恶： a strong feeling of dislike
【近】 animosity, animus, antagonism, enmity, bad blood, bitterness, hostility, jaundice, rancor
【反】 amity
ADJ 古董的： relating to the collection and study of valuable old things
ADJ 陈旧的；过时的： very old and no longer useful, popular, or accepted
【近】 obsolete, archaic, dated, mossy, moth-eaten, neolithic, outmoded, prehistoric, superannuated
ADJ 对立的： directly opposite or opposed
【近】 antipodal, antipodean, opposite, contradictory, contrary, diametric, polar
NOUN 冷漠；无动于衷： the feeling of not having much emotion or interest; an apathetic state
【近】 affectlessness, emotionlessness, impassiveness, impassivity, insensibility, numbness, phlegm
【反】 emotion, feeling, sensibility
NOUN 格言： a short phrase that expresses a true or wise idea
【近】 adage, saying, apothegm, byword, epigram, maxim, proverb, saw, sententia, word
ADJ 末日的： of or relating to the end of the world
ADJ 预言的： forecasting the ultimate destiny of the world; prophetic
ADJ 决定性的： ultimately decisive
【近】 climacteric
ADJ 假的： well-known but probably not true
NOUN 辩解者；辩护者： a person who defends or supports something (such as a religion, cause, or organization) that is being criticized or attacked by other people
ADJ 极度愤怒的： very angry and excited
【近】 ballistic, choleric, furious, incensed, indignant, outraged, rabid, roiled, sore, wroth
【反】 delighted, pleased
ADJ 中风的： (medical) relating to or caused by apoplexy
NOUN 背叛宗教信仰： renunciation of a religious faith
NOUN 变节；背叛： abandonment of a previous loyalty; defection
VERB 使震惊： to cause (someone) to feel fear, shock, or disgust
【近】 shock, floor, jolt, shake up
NOUN 幽灵： a ghost or spirit of a dead person
【近】 ghost, phantasm, phantom, poltergeist, spirit, spook, sprite, vision, visitant, wraith
VERB 安抚： to make (someone) pleased or less angry by giving or saying something desired
VERB 减轻；缓解： to make (a pain, a problem, etc. ) less painful or troubling
【近】 pacify, assuage, conciliate, disarm, gentle, mollify, placate, propitiate
【反】 anger, enrage, incense, inflame, infuriate, ire, madden, outrage
NOUN 附录： a section of extra information added at the end of a book
【近】 afterword, addendum, codicil, excursus, supplement
【反】 foreword, introduction, preface, prologue
NOUN 阑尾： a small tube at the beginning of the large intestine that can be removed by surgery if it becomes infected
VERB 鼓掌： to strike the hands together over and over to show approval or praise
VERB 赞扬： to express approval of or support for (something or someone)
【近】 accredit, acclaim, cheer, crack up, hail, laud, praise, salute, tout
【反】 knock, pan, slam
ADJ 可用的： able to be applied or used in a particular situation
【近】 actionable, practical, applicative, applied, functional, practicable, serviceable, ultrapractical, workable, working
【反】 impracticable, impractical, inapplicable, nonpractical, unusable, unworkable, useless
ADJ 相关的： having to do with the matter at hand
【近】 pertinent, apposite, apropos, germane, material, pointed, relative, relevant
【反】 extraneous, immaterial, impertinent, inapplicable, inapposite, irrelative, irrelevant, pointless
VERB 分配： to divide (something) among or between people
【近】 allocate, allow, allot, assign, distribute, lot, ration
ADJ 相关的；适合的： having to do with the matter at hand
【近】 applicable, pertinent, apropos, germane, material, pointed, relative, relevant
【反】 extraneous, immaterial, impertinent, inapplicable, inapposite, irrelative, irrelevant, pointless
VERB 估值；评价： to set a value on, estimate the amount of; to evaluate the worth, significance, or status of, especially to give an expert judgment of the value or merit of
【近】 estimate, assess, evaluate, guesstimate, rate, set, valuate, value
ADJ 可感知的；明显的： large enough to be noticed or measured
【近】 perceptible, apprehensible, detectable, discernible, distinguishable, palpable, sensible
【反】 impalpable, imperceptible, inappreciable, indistinguishable, insensible, undetectable
VERB 逮捕： (of police) to arrest (someone) for a crime; to catch (a criminal or suspect)
【近】 arrest, collar, nab, nail, pick up, pinch, pull in, restrain, run in, seize
【反】 discharge
VERB 理解；领会： to notice and understand (something)
【近】 appreciate, comprehend, assimilate, decode, get, grasp, grok, perceive, savvy, understand
【反】 miss
VERB （对未来）担忧： to anticipate especially with anxiety, dread, or fear
NOUN 学徒身份；实习期： a person who learns a job or skill by working for a fixed period of time for someone who is very good at that job or skill; a period of time working as an apprentice
【近】 externship, internship, practicum, training
【反】 tenure
VERB 告知： to give information to (someone)
【近】 acquaint, advise, enlighten, brief, familiarize, hip, inform, instruct, tell, verse
NOUN 认可；赞许： praise or approval
【近】 approval, blessing, favor, imprimatur
【反】 disapprobation, disapproval, disfavor
VERB 私自挪用： to get or save (money) for a specific use or purpose; to take or use (something) especially in a way that is illegal, unfair, etc.
【近】 arrogate, commandeer, convert, expropriate, pirate, preempt, press, seize, take over, usurp
ADJ 恰当的： right or suited for some purpose or situation
【近】 applicable, fit, apt, becoming, befitting, felicitous, fitted, fitting, suitable
【反】 improper, inapplicable, inapposite, inappropriate, unseemly, unsuitable, wrong
VERB 赞赏： to believe that something or someone is good or acceptable
VERB 批准；同意： to officially accept (an idea, action, plan, etc. )
【近】 accredit, approbate, authorize, clear, confirm, finalize, formalize, homologate, ratify, sanction
【反】 decline, deny, disallow, disapprove, negative, reject, turn down, veto
NOUN 近似；相似： an amount, figure, etc. , that is almost correct and is not intended to be exact; something that is similar to something else
NOUN 附属物： an object that is used with or for something
ADJ 推理的；演绎的： relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions
ADJ 假定的： being without examination or analysis, presumptive
ADJ 合宜的；恰当的；相关的： suitable or appropriate
【近】 applicable, apposite, pertinent, germane, material, pointed, relative, relevant
【反】 extraneous, immaterial, impertinent, inapplicable, inapposite, irrelative, irrelevant, pointless
ADV 顺带： by way of interjection or further comment
【近】 en passant, incidentally, by the way, in passing
PREP 就……而言；关于；至于： with regard to (something)
【近】 about, apropos of, as to, concerning, regarding, respecting, touching, toward
ADJ 有倾向的： likely to do something; having a tendency to do something
【近】 prone, given, inclined, tending
ADJ 合适的： appropriate or suitable
【近】 applicable, appropriate, fit, becoming, befitting, felicitous, fitted, fitting, pretty, proper
【反】 improper, inapplicable, inapposite, inappropriate, inapt, incongruous, indecent, unbeseeming, unfit, unfitting
ADJ 聪明的： quick to learn
NOUN 倾向： inclination; tendency
【近】 affection, affinity, inclination, genius, habitude, impulse, predisposition, proclivity, propensity, tendency
NOUN 资质；才能： a natural ability; talent
【近】 talent, bent, endowment, faculty, flair, genius, gift, head, knack
NOUN 裁决者；仲裁人： a person who is considered to be an authority on what is right, good, or proper; a person who has the power to settle an argument between people
【近】 adjudicator, judge, arbitrator, referee, umpire
ADJ 独裁的；专制的： not restrained or limited in the exercise of power; ruling by absolute authority
【近】 absolute, autocratic, czarist, despotic, dictatorial, monocratic, tyrannical, tyrannous
【反】 limited
ADJ 任意的；随心所欲的： not planned or chosen for a particular reason; not based on reason or evidence
【近】 aimless, random, desultory, erratic, haphazard, scattered, slapdash, stray
【反】 methodical, nonrandom, orderly, organized, regular, systematic, systematized
ADJ 生活于树上的： living in or often found in trees
ADJ 神秘难懂的；秘传的： secret or mysterious, known or understood by only a few people
【近】 abstruse, profound, deep, esoteric, hermetic, recondite
【反】 shallow, superficial
ADJ 过时的： old and no longer used
【近】 antiquated, obsolete, dated, out-of-date, outworn, past, prehistoric, rusty, superannuated
ADJ 古老的： of or relating to ancient times
NOUN 原先的模式；先例： the original pattern, or model, from which all other things of the same kind are made; prototype
【近】 antecedent, ancestor, precursor, predecessor, prototype
【反】 descendant
NOUN 理想的例子；典型： a perfect example of something
NOUN 档案馆；档案： a place in which public records or historical materials (such as documents) are kept; the material that is stored in an archive
【近】 library
ADJ 北极的： of or relating to the North Pole or the region around it
NOUN 热情： a strong feeling of energy or eagerness
【近】 ardency, emotion, enthusiasm, fervency, vehemence, violence, warmth, white heat
【反】 impassiveness, impassivity, insensibility, insensibleness, insensitiveness, insensitivity
ADJ 费力的： very difficult
【近】 challenging, demanding, exacting, formidable, rigorous, rough, strenuous, toilsome, tough, uphill
【反】 cheap, easy, effortless, facile, light, mindless, simple, soft, undemanding
NOUN 竞技场；活动场所： a building for sports and other forms of entertainment that has a large central area surrounded by seats; an area of activity, interest, or competition
ADV 可以说；可能；大概： it can be argued
NOUN 贵族阶层： the highest social class in some countries, the people who have special titles (such as duke and duchess), who typically own land, and who traditionally have more money and power than the other people in a society
【近】 elite, gentility, gentlefolk, gentry, nobility, patriciate, quality, upper class, upper crust
【反】 proletarian, proletariat
VERB 排列；陈列： to place (a group of things) in a particular position so that they are in order or so that they look attractive
【近】 arrange, order, classify, codify, dispose, draw up, lay out, organize, range, systematize
NOUN 大量： a large group or number of things
VERB 逮捕： to use the power of the law to take and keep (someone, such as a criminal)
【近】 apprehend, bust, collar, nab, pinch, pull in, restrain, run in, seize
【反】 discharge
VERB 阻止；抑制： to stop the progress or movement of (something)
【近】 halt, bring up, catch, check, draw up, fetch up, hold up, pull up, stall, stay
VERB 吸引……的注意： to attract and hold the attention of (someone or something)
【近】 enthrall, bedazzle, catch up, enchant, fascinate, grip, hypnotize, mesmerize, spellbind
ADJ 吸引人的： catching the attention; striking; impressive
【近】 absorbing, interesting, consuming, engaging, engrossing, enthralling, fascinating, gripping, riveting
【反】 boring, drab, dry, dull, heavy, monotonous, tedious, uninteresting
ADJ 不规律的： lacking rhythm or regularity
ADJ 心律不齐的： of, relating to, characterized by, or resulting from arrhythmia
ADJ 傲慢的： having or showing the insulting attitude of people who believe that they are better, smarter, or more important than other people; having or showing arrogance
【近】 assumptive, bumptious, cavalier, chesty, haughty, sniffy, stiff-necked, supercilious, superior, uppish
【反】 humble, lowly, modest, unpretentious
ADJ 技艺精湛的： done with or showing artistic skill
【近】 adroit, skillful, bravura, deft, practiced, virtuoso, workmanlike
【反】 amateur, amateurish, artless, rude, unprofessional, unskillful
ADJ 狡猾的： used to get or achieve things in ways that are clever and not noticeable
【近】 beguiling, cagey, crafty, cunning, foxy, guileful, scheming, shrewd, slick, sly
【反】 artless, guileless, ingenuous, innocent, undesigning
ADJ 善于表达的；表达清晰的： able to express ideas clearly and effectively in speech or writing
【近】 eloquent, fluent, silver-tongued, well-spoken
【反】 inarticulate, ineloquent, unvocal
NOUN 人工制品： something created by humans usually for a practical purpose
NOUN 巧计；诡计： dishonest or insincere behavior or speech that is meant to deceive someone
【近】 trick, device, dodge, jig, juggle, knack, scheme, sleight, stratagem, wile
ADJ 质朴的；自然的： not false or artificial
【近】 guileless, genuine, honest, ingenuous, innocent, naive, sincere, unaffected, unpretending, unpretentious
【反】 affected, artful, artificial, assuming, fake, false, guileful, insincere, phony, pretentious
NOUN 上升： the act of rising or mounting upward; climb
【近】 ascension, climb, rise, rising, soar, acclivity, hill, upgrade, uprise
【反】 descent, dip, dive, drop, fall, nosedive, plunge, downgrade, hang, hanging
NOUN 提升： an advance in social status or reputation; progress
【近】 advancement, creation, elevation, preferment, promotion, rise, upgrade, upgrading
【反】 abasement, comedown, degradation, demotion, disrating, downgrade, reduction
VERB 确定；查明： to learn or find out (something, such as information or the truth)
【近】 discover, catch on to, find out, get on to, hear, learn, realize, see, wise up
【反】 miss, overlook, pass over
ADJ 禁欲的： relating to or having a strict and simple way of living that avoids physical pleasure
VERB 归因于： to refer to a supposed cause, source, or author
【近】 accredit, credit, attribute, chalk up, impute, lay, put down
ADJ 无菌的： free from germs that cause disease
【近】 sanitary, germfree, hygienic, sterile
【反】 germy, insanitary, unhygienic, unsanitary, unsterile
ADJ 无活力的： lacking vitality, emotion, or warmth
ADJ 不成直线的；歪的： not straight, at an angle
【近】 awry, aslant, cockeyed, listing, lopsided, oblique, skewed, slanted, slanting, tilted
【反】 even, level, straight
NOUN （说话、脾气等）粗暴、严厉： harshness of behavior or speech that expresses bitterness or anger
【近】 acerbity, acrimony, acuteness, edge, bite, bitterness, harshness, keenness, poignancy, pungency
【反】 mildness, softness
NOUN 严苛： rigor, severity
NOUN 粗糙；崎岖： roughness of surface; a tiny projection from a surface or roughness of sound
NOUN 诽谤；中伤： a false or misleading charge meant to harm someone’s reputation; the act of making such a charge, defamation
VERB 言语攻击： to attack or criticize (someone or something) in a violent or angry way
【近】 abuse, blast, castigate, excoriate, jump, lambaste, potshot, scathe, trash, vituperate
NOUN 攻击；抨击： a violent physical or verbal attack
【近】 aggression, attack, attempt, charge, descent, offensive, onset, onslaught, raid, rush
VERB 同意： to agree to or approve of something (such as an idea or suggestion) especially after carefully thinking about it
【近】 acquiesce, agree, accede, come round, consent, subscribe
【反】 dissent
VERB 主张；断言；宣称： to state (something) in a strong and definite way
【近】 affirm, aver, avouch, avow, declare, guarantee, lay down, profess
【反】 deny, gainsay
VERB 坚持；维护： to demand that other people accept or respect (something)
ADJ 坚定自信的；过分自信的： disposed to or characterized by bold or confident statements and behavior
【近】 ambitious, aggressive, enterprising, fierce, militant, pushy, self-asserting, self-assertive
【反】 ambitionless, low-pressure, nonassertive, unaggressive, unambitious, unassertive, unenterprising
NOUN 资产： the entire property of a person, association, corporation, or estate applicable or subject to the payment of debts
【近】 assets, capital, fortune, means, opulence, riches, substance, wherewithal, worth
NOUN 优势： advantage
【近】 advantage, benefit, boon
【反】 disadvantage, drawback, encumbrance, hindrance, impediment, minus
VERB 断言： to affirm or declare positively or earnestly
ADJ 勤奋的： marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent application
【近】 active, busy, bustling, diligent, employed, engaged, hopping, industrious, laborious, occupied
【反】 idle, inactive, unbusy, unemployed, unoccupied
VERB 吸收学习： to learn (something) so that it is fully understood and can be used
【近】 appreciate, apprehend, comprehend, behold, catch on, cognize, conceive
【反】 miss
VERB 同化： to cause (a person or group) to become part of a different society, country, etc.
【近】 absorb, embody, co-opt, incorporate, integrate
VERB 使相似；把……比作： to make similar; to compare
【近】 analogize, compare, bracket, equate, liken
【反】 contrast
VERB 减轻；缓和： to lessen the intensity of (something that pains or distresses)
【近】 allay, alleviate, help, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe
【反】 aggravate, exacerbate
VERB 平息；抚慰： to put an end to by satisfying
【近】 satisfy, quench, sate, satiate, slake
VERB 假定： to think that something is true or probably true without knowing that it is true
【近】 hypothecate, hypothesize, postulate, premise, presume, presuppose, say, suppose
VERB 担任；承担： to begin (a role, duty, etc. ) as a job or responsibility
【近】 accept, bear, shoulder, take over, undertake
【反】 disavow, disclaim, disown, repudiate
VERB 呈现： to take or begin to have
ADJ 傲慢的： pretentious; presumptuous
【近】 assumptive, bumptious, cavalier, chesty, haughty, sniffy, supercilious, superior, uppish, arrogant
【反】 humble, lowly, modest, unarrogant, unpretentious
NOUN 确保；保证： the state of being sure or certain about something
【近】 confidence, assuredness, certainty, certitude, cocksureness, conviction, doubtlessness, satisfaction, sureness, surety
【反】 doubt, incertitude, nonconfidence, uncertainty
NOUN 自信： a strong feeling of confidence about yourself or about being right
【近】 aplomb, confidence, self-assurance, self-assuredness, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-trust
【反】 diffidence, insecurity, self-distrust, self-doubt
VERB 使震惊： to fill with bewilderment or wonder
【近】 amaze, astonish, surprise, dumbfound, flabbergast, floor, rock, shock, startle, thunderstrike
ADJ 收敛性的；止血的： (medical) causing a tightening of soft organic tissues; styptic
ADJ 严厉的；尖酸刻薄的： very critical in a sharp and often clever way
ADJ 机敏的；有洞察力的： having or showing an ability to notice and understand things clearly; mentally sharp or clever
【近】 shrewd, canny, hardheaded, heady, knowing, savvy, sharp, sharp-witted, smart
【反】 unknowing
ADV 分成很多部分地： into parts
【近】 apart, piecemeal
【反】 together
ADV 分离地： apart from each other in position
NOUN 避难所： protection given by a government to someone who has left another country in order to escape being harmed
【近】 shelter, harbor, harborage, haven, refuge, retreat, sanctuary, sanctum
VERB 弥补： to do something good as a way to show that you are sorry about doing something bad
ADJ 残忍的： very evil or cruel
【近】 cruel, barbaric, barbarous, brutal, brute, butcherly, sadistic, savage, truculent, vicious
【反】 benign, benignant, compassionate, humane, kindhearted, sympathetic, tenderhearted
ADJ 极坏的： very bad; of very poor quality
【近】 appalling, horrible, awful, dreadful, frightful, lurid, macabre, monstrous, shocking, terrible
【反】 great, marvelous, wonderful
NOUN 萎缩： (medical) gradual loss of muscle or flesh usually because of disease or lack of use
NOUN 附件；附属： an extra part that can be used with a machine to make it do a particular job, a document or file that is sent with e-mail
【近】 accoutrement, adapter, add-on, adjunct, appendage, appliance, accessory, option
NOUN 喜爱；依恋： strong feelings of affection or loyalty for someone or something
【近】 affection, love, devotedness, devotion, fondness, passion
【反】 abomination, hate, hatred, loathing, rancor
VERB 减轻；减弱： to become thin, fine, or less
【近】 depreciate, break, cheapen, depress, devaluate, devalue, downgrade, lower, reduce, sink
【反】 appreciate, enhance, mark up, upgrade
NOUN 律师： one who is legally appointed to transact business on another’s behalf, especially, lawyer
【近】 advocate, lawyer, attorney-at-law, counsel, counselor, counselor-at-law, legal eagle
VERB 使协调；使和谐： to cause (a person, company, etc.) to have a better understanding of what is needed or wanted by a particular person or group
【近】 accommodate, harmonize, conciliate, conform, coordinate, key, reconcile
【反】 disharmonize
ADJ 非典型的： not typical, not usual or normal
【近】 aberrated, abnormal, anomalous, exceptional, especial, exceeding, peculiar, phenomenal, preternatural
【反】 common, customary, normal, ordinary, typical, unexceptional, unextraordinary, usual
ADJ 大胆的；愚勇的： intrepidly daring, recklessly bold
【近】 nervy, brassy, brazen, cheeky, cocksure, cocky, impertinent, impudent
【反】 meek, mousy, retiring, shy, timid
ADJ 蔑视（法律、礼节）的： contemptuous of law, religion or decorum
ADJ 创新的： marked by originality and verve
【近】 fresh
ADJ 听得见的： able to be heard
VERB 增加： to increase the size or amount of (something)
【近】 accelerate, aggrandize, amplify, increase, boost, build up, compound, enlarge, swell, stoke
【反】 abate, decrease, diminish, downsize, dwindle, lessen, lower, minify, reduce
VERB 补充： to add something to (something) in order to improve or complete it
VERB 预示： to show or suggest something that might happen in the future
【近】 foretell, call, forecast, predict, presage, prognosticate, prophesy, read, vaticinate
NOUN 占卜官；预言家： an official diviner of ancient Rome; one held to foretell events by omens
【近】 prophet, diviner, forecaster, futurist, prognosticator, prophesier, soothsayer, visionary
ADJ 威严的；庄重的： having a formal and impressive quality
【近】 imposing, portly, solemn, staid, stately, grand, imperial, imposing, magnific, magnificent
【反】 flighty, frivolous, giddy, humble, unheroic, unimposing, unimpressive
NOUN 极光： an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands of light caused by charged solar particles follow ing the earth’s magnetic lines of force
ADJ 吉利的： showing or suggesting that future success is likely
【近】 hopeful, bright, encouraging, fair, golden, heartening, likely, optimistic, promising
【反】 bleak, dark, depressing, desperate, unencouraging, unlikely, unpromising, unpropitious
ADJ 朴素的： simple or plain, not fancy
ADJ 严肃的；克制的： of a person, having a serious and unfriendly quality
【近】 grim, dour, fierce, flinty, forbidding, gruff, intimidating, rough, rugged
【反】 benign, benignant, gentle, mild, nonintimidating, tender
ADJ 清苦的；简朴的： having few pleasures, simple and harsh
【近】 no-frills, spartan, stark
【反】 deluxe, Lucullan, luxe, luxurious, plush
ADJ 真实的；可信的： real or genuine; not copied or false
【近】 bona fide, certifiable, certified, echt, genuine, honest, real, right, sure-enough, true
【反】 bogus, counterfeit, false, inauthentic, phony, pseudo, sham, spurious, supposititious, unauthentic, unreal
ADJ 准确的： true and accurate
【近】 accurate, faithful, exact, precise, right, strict, true, veracious
【反】 imprecise, inaccurate, inexact, loose, unfaithful
VERB 证实： to prove that something is real, true, or genuine; to prove that something is authentic
【近】 argue, attest, confirm, bear out, certify, corroborate, substantiate, support, validate, verify
【反】 disprove, rebut, refute
NOUN 独裁主义： expecting or requiring people to obey rules or laws, not allowing personal freedom
【近】 absolutism, autarchy, despotism, autocracy, Caesarism, dictatorship, totalism, totalitarianism, tyranny
NOUN 自传： a biography written by the person it is about
NOUN 独裁政府；独裁统治： a form of government in which a country is ruled by a person or group with total power
【近】 absolutism, autarchy, authoritarianism, despotism, dictatorship, totalism, totalitarianism, tyranny
NOUN 独立自主： the power or right of a country, group, etc., to govern itself
【近】 freedom, independence, independency, liberty, self-determination, self-governance, sovereignty
【反】 dependence, heteronomy, subjection, unfreedom
NOUN 自由意志： self-directing freedom and especially moral independence
【近】 accord, free will, choice, self-determination, volition, will
VERB 有益于；利用： to produce or result in as a benefit or advantage
【近】 advantage, benefit, help, profit, serve
ADJ 激进的；先锋的： culturally or stylistically advanced; avant-garde
【近】 advanced, avant-garde, cutting-edge, progressive, state-of-the-art
NOUN 贪婪： a strong desire to have or get money
【近】 acquisitiveness, greed, avariciousness, avidity, avidness, covetousness, cupidity, rapaciousness, rapacity
NOUN 化身；体现；具体化： someone who represents a type of person, an idea, or a quality
【近】 abstract, embodiment, epitome, manifestation, objectification, personification, personifier
VERB 复仇： to harm or punish someone who has harmed you or someone or something that you care about
【近】 redress, requite, retaliate, revenge, venge, get even
VERB 主张： to declare positively
VERB 声称为真： to verify or prove to be true in pleading a cause
【近】 affirm, allege, contend, declare, insist, maintain, profess, protest, purport, warrant
【反】 deny, gainsay
ADJ 厌恶的；反对的： having an active feeling of repugnance or distaste, usually used with to
【近】 allergic, antipathetic
VERB 转移（视线）： to turn (your eyes, gaze, etc. ) away or aside
VERB 防止： to prevent (something bad) from happening
【近】 prevent, forestall, head off, help, obviate, preclude, stave off
ADJ 鸟的： of or relating to birds
ADJ 渴望的；热切的： very eager, wanting something very much
【近】 agog, antsy, anxious, ardent, athirst, eager, crazy, desirous, enthused, enthusiastic
【反】 apathetic, indifferent, uneager, unenthusiastic
NOUN 业余爱好；嗜好： an activity that you do regularly for enjoyment rather than as a job
【近】 hobby, hobbyhorse, pursuit, recreation
VERB 承认；公开宣布： to declare or state (something) in an open and public way
【近】 affirm, allege, assert, aver, avouch, insist, maintain, protest, purport, warrant
【反】 deny, gainsay
ADJ 被淹没的： flooded with or covered by water or another liquid
【近】 bedraggled, doused, drenched, dripping, saturated, sodde, sopping, soppy, soused, watery
【反】 arid, dry, unwatered, waterless
ADJ 泛滥的： filled, covered, or completely overrun as if by a flood
NOUN 敬畏： a strong feeling of fear or respect and also wonder
ADJ 不优雅的；令人尴尬的： not graceful
【近】 discomfiting, embarrassing, flustering, uncomfortable, graceless, inelegant
【反】 graceful, suave, urbane
ADJ 缺乏手段的；笨拙的： lacking skill
【近】 clumsy, gauche, rustic, stiff, stilted, wooden
ADJ 不好操作的；笨重的： difficult to use or handle
【近】 cumbersome, bunglesome, clumsy, clunky, cumbrous, ponderous, ungainly, unhandy, unwieldy
【反】 handy
ADJ 出差错的： not working correctly or happening in the expected way
ADJ 扭曲的；走样的： not straight or neat
【近】 askew, aslant, atilt, crooked, listing, lopsided, oblique, skewed, slanted, uneven
【反】 even, level, straight
ADJ 公理的： obviously true
ADJ 不言自明的： self-evident
【近】 prima facie, self-evident