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List 3

1 dominant

['dɑːmɪnənt]

adj. 主要的(main);占主导地位的,占优势的(more powerful);(基因)显性的(a dominant gene causes a child to have a particular physical feature or illness, even if it has been passed on from only one parent)

It happens only when there is a dominant competitor.

只有当有一个占主导地位的竞争对手时,这种情况才会发生。

2 further

['fɜːrðər]

adj. 更多的,更进一步的(more);另外的(extra)

This raises two further questions.

这又提出了另外的两个问题。

3 gather

['ɡæðər]

v. 聚集,集合(to come together);收集(to collect)

In a well-fed hive, forager bees gather food only from flower patches that have lots of nectar.

在食物充足的蜂巢中,觅食工蜂只从花蜜丰富的花丛中采集食物。

4 quantity

['kwɑːntətɪ]

n. 量(the amount);数量(the number);大量(a mass)

The quantity and total weight of soil flora generally exceed that of soil fauna.

土壤中植物的数量和总重量通常超过土壤中动物的数量和总重量。

5 theater

['θɪətə]

n. 戏剧(a play);剧院(a building with a stage)

Theater is a way to enjoy imitating other people.

戏剧是一种享受模仿他人的方式。

6 demonstrate

['demənstreɪt]

v. 证明(to prove);演示(to display and explain);示范(to show)

Adults used props, uh, toys or other objects to demonstrate an action that have 2 steps.

成年人用道具、玩具或者其他物体来演示一个包括两个步骤的动作。

7 due

[duː]

adj. 应有的(required to have);到期的(expected to arrive);预定的(expected to happen);应付的(payable)

The urban heat island is due to industrial and urban development.

城市热岛效应是工业和城市发展的结果。

8 empire

['empaɪər]

n. 帝国(a kingdom)

The pottery of the ancient Roman Empire is remarkable.

古罗马帝国的陶瓷是非常有特色的。

9 native

['neɪtɪv]

adj. 本国的(domestic);本土的(relating to the original inhabitants of a country);当地的(local)

They are native to Hawaii.

它们产于夏威夷。

10 obtain

[əb'teɪn]

v. 获得(to gain);得到(to get)

They obtain algae by using their gills as filters.

它们将鳃作为过滤器来获得藻类。

11 encourage

[ɪn'kɜːrɪdʒ]

v. 鼓励(to inspire);促进(to promote);支持(to stimulate something or someone by approval or help)

They did not encourage the expression of emotions.

他们不提倡表达情绪。

12 meter

['miːtər]

n. 计量表(a device that measures and records something);米(a unit for measuring length; a hundred centimeters)

The bed is generally no more than one square meter in size.

床的大小通常不超过一平方米。

13 political

[pə'lɪtɪkl]

adj. 政治的(of the politics)

It emerged rapidly as an economical and political center.

它迅速发展为经济和政治中心。

14 algae

['ældʒiː]

n. 水藻(plants with no stems or leaves)

Algae grow rapidly.

海藻生长迅速。

15 shale

[ʃeɪl]

n. 页岩,泥板岩(a type of smooth soft rock)

Fossils are more likely to the preserved in shale deposits than in deposits of clay and silt.

化石更可能保存在页岩沉积物中,而不是在黏土和淤泥的沉积物中。

16 irrigate

['ɪrɪɡeɪt]

v. 灌溉(to supply with water)

For example, we know that farmers need water to irrigate their crops.

例如,我们知道农民需要水来灌溉他们的庄稼。

17 isolate

['aɪsəleɪt]

v. 使孤立(to make someone alone);隔离(to place apart)

Many factors can isolate a population geographically.

许多因素可以把一个种群在地理上隔离开来。

18 react

[rɪ'ækt]

v. 反应(to respond)

As these fluids interact with surface materials, they move particles about or react chemically with them to modify or produce materials.

当这些流体与表面物质相互作用时,它们会移动颗粒或与颗粒发生化学反应,从而改变或产生物质。

19 store

[stɔːr]

n. 商店(a shop) v. 贮藏(to keep)

Those animals store energy during the colder seasons.

这些动物会在更寒冷的季节里储存能量。

20 traditional

[trə'dɪʃənl]

adj. 传统的(of being a tradition)

It questioned traditional ideas.

它质疑了传统的观念。

21 apparent

[ə'pærənt]

adj. 明显的(easy to notice);表面上的(seeming)

Their true age is immediately apparent.

他们的真实年龄一目了然。

22 molecule

['mɑːlɪkjuːl]

n. 分子(the smallest amount of a chemical substance which can exist by itself)

The signaling molecule has not been chemically identified.

这种信号分子还没有被化学鉴定出来。

23 pottery

['pɑːtərɪ]

n. 陶器(articles made from baked clay)

It did not break as easily as other ancient pottery.

它不像其他古代陶器一样易碎。

24 preserve

[prɪ'zɜːrv]

v. 保护(to protect);维护(to maintain);保存(to keep or save from decomposition)

He encouraged native people to preserve their traditional ways of life.

他鼓励本地人保护好传统的生活方式。

25 ancestor

['ænsestər]

n. 祖先(a member of your family who lived a long time ago)

Why does the author discuss “a mythic ancestor”?

为什么作者会讨论“一位神话祖先”?

26 avoid

[ə'vɔɪd]

v. 避免(to prevent from happening);逃避(to keep away from)

Fish tend to avoid well-illuminated areas.

鱼类常常避开光线充足的区域。

27 drama

['drɑːmə]

n. 戏剧(a play for the theater);戏剧艺术(the art of a play)

Fuller believed that the drama of her dancing sprang from her emotional style of storytelling.

富勒认为,她舞蹈的戏剧性源于她感人的叙事风格。

28 Mesopotamia

[ˌmesəpəˈteɪmɪə]

n. 美索不达米亚(an ancient region of southwest Asia)

With the exception of Mesopotamia and Egypt, ancient societies were generally not urbanized.

除了美索不达米亚和埃及,古代社会没有出现城市化。

29 metal

['metl]

n. 金属(a type of solid mineral substance)

Metal weapons increased the power of warriors.

金属武器增加了战士的力量。

30 release

[rɪ'liːs]

n. 释放(the act of freeing);发行(the act of issuing for sale) v. 释放(to liberate)

Dangling catkins release pollen only when the wind is blowing hard.

悬垂的柳絮只有在风很大的时候才会释放花粉。

31 serve

[sɜːrv]

v. 服务(to work for);可用作……(to meet the needs of)

Objects serve a functional purpose.

物体具有功能性。

32 terrestrial

[tə'restrɪəl]

adj. 陆地的(relating to land);陆生的(living on land);地球的(of the planet Earth)

It is less dense than any of the terrestrial planets.

它的密度比任何类地行星都小。

33 extreme

[ɪk'striːm]

adj. 极度的(very great in degree);极远的(farthest);极端的(unusual, serious or severe)

A series of extreme climate episodes occurred.

一系列极端气候事件发生了。

34 sufficient

[sə'fɪʃnt]

adj. 足够的,充分的(enough)

It could not accumulate sufficient energy reserves.

它无法积累足够的能量储备。

35 accumulate

[ə'kjuːmjəleɪt]

v. 积累(to gradually get more and more of something);增加(to increase);聚集(to gather together)

Soon layer of oceanic ooze began to accumulate above the old hard layer.

很快,一层海洋软泥开始在旧的坚硬地层上面堆积。

36 analyze

['ænəlaɪz]

v. 分析(to examine);细察(to study)

Furthermore, the number of interactions is so great that they are difficult to analyze, even with the help of large computers.

此外,交互的数量如此之多,以至即使借助大型计算机也难以对其进行分析。

37 graze

[ɡreɪz]

v. 放牧(to feed with grass);吃草(to feed on grass)

The animals that graze on grasslands include more natural herbivores than livestock, which is usually not true of other ecological communities.

在草原上吃草的动物中,天然的食草动物多于牲畜,而其他生态群落通常不是这样的。

38 pest

[pest]

n. 害虫(a small animal or insect that destroys crops, food, etc.)

Pest control measures vary in their approach and overall degree of success.

虫害控制措施在方法和总体成功程度上各不相同。

39 route

[ruːt]

n. 路线(a chosen way)

It was at the junction of a major trade route with the Nile valley.

它位于一条主要贸易路线与尼罗河谷的交汇处。

40 scale

[skeɪl]

n. 刻度(a system of measurement);等级(a degree);规模(the size);比例(a ratio)

Limited rainfall had prevented large-scale agricultural development.

有限的降雨量阻碍了大规模农业的发展。

41 approach

[ə'prəʊtʃ]

n. 方法(a way);接近(the act of coming close);接洽(the act of speaking to somebody about something especially when making an offer or a request) v. 靠近,接近(to come closer to);动手处理(to deal with)

Its most recent approach occurred in 1986.

最近的一次接洽是在 1986 年。

42 constant

['kɑːnstənt]

adj. 不变的(unchanging)

Its surface temperature is constant at all times of the day.

它表面的温度一整天都是恒定的。

43 diet

['daɪət]

n. 饮食(a way of eating certain foods)

An insect diet is less nutritious than a diet of fruit, nectar, and fish.

以昆虫为食的饮食不如以水果、花蜜和鱼为食的饮食营养丰富。

44 meteorite

['miːtɪəraɪt]

n. 陨石(a piece of rock from outer space)

Initially, the meteorite theory was based on a single line of evidence.

最初,陨石理论是基于单一的证据。

45 propose

[prə'pəʊz]

v. 打算(to intend);计划(to plan);向……提议(to suggest);求婚(to offer marriage)

The observation that the tail of a comet points away from the Sun in a slightly curved manner led early astronomers to propose that the Sun has a repulsive force that pushes the particles of the coma away, thereby forming the tail.

观察到彗星尾巴以略微弯曲的方式背离太阳的现象,早期的天文学家提出,太阳有排斥力,能推开彗发的粒子,从而形成了彗尾。

46 conclude

[kən'kluːd]

v. 推断出(to settle finally);得出结论(to come to an end)

We can conclude that the major marine and terrestrial events occurred simultaneously.

我们可以得出结论:主要的海洋事件和陆地事件是同时发生的。

47 dominate

['dɑːmɪneɪt]

v. 支配(to control);统治(to govern);占优势(to gain the upper hand)

In this case, push explanations dominate.

在这种情况下,推动式解释占主优势。

48 initial

[ɪ'nɪʃl]

adj. 最初的(of the beginning);开始的(at the beginning)

It widens the path made by the initial stream of electrons from the cloud.

它拓宽了来自云层的初始电子流形成的路径。

49 explode

[ɪk'spləʊd]

v. 爆炸(to blow up);激增(to increase rapidly);爆发(to burst)

And explode they did, starting in the 1630s.

从十七世纪三十年代开始,它们的确爆发了。

50 hatch

[hætʃ]

n. 孵化(the act of emerging from the egg)

The female’s eggs hatch under the surface of the desert.

雌性的卵在沙漠下面进行孵化。

51 recognize

['rekəɡnaɪz]

v. 识别(to identify)

For instance, as we all know, dogs recognize each other via smell.

例如,我们都知道狗通过嗅觉来识别彼此。

52 subject

n. ['sʌbdʒɪkt]

v. [səb'dʒekt]

n. 话题(a topic);科目(a branch of study);实验对象(a person or thing that undergoes an experiment);国民(a citizen) v. 遭受(to undergo)

Even so, they are still a subject of speculation and inquiry.

即便如此,它们仍然是一个推测和调查的话题。

53 territory

['terətɔːrɪ]

n. 领土,版图(the area under the control of a government);范围(a range)

It selects its territory each year in spring.

每年春天,它都会选择自己的领地。

54 yawn

[jɔːn]

v. 打哈欠(to open your mouth wide and breathe in deeply because you are tired or bored)

People tend to yawn about fifteen minutes before they become tired or bored.

人们在感觉疲惫或者无聊的十五分钟前都容易打哈欠。

55 assume

[ə'suːm]

v. 假定(to presume);设想(to think);承担(to take over)

Even though the paint was often sprayed on by mouth, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation.

虽然油漆通常是用喷嘴喷上去的,但可以认为惯用手在操作中起到了辅助作用。

56 composition

[ˌkɑːmpə'zɪʃn]

n. 成分(the different parts which something is made of);作品(a creation)

It caused changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere.

它引起了大气化学成分的变化。

57 fine

[faɪn]

n. 罚款(a payment imposed as a penalty) adj. 好的(good);优质的(quite well)

They are made of fine-grained stones such as flint or obsidian.

它们是由细粒的石头,如燧石或黑曜石制成的。

58 interact

[ˌɪntər'ækt]

v. 交流(to communicate);相互作用(to affect each other)

Studies to identify ways that genes interact have been largely successful.

识别基因相互作用方式的研究取得了很大的成功。

59 radiate

['reɪdɪeɪt]

v. 放射(to emit);散发(to spread out);流露(to show)

Their bodies also radiate heat, usually in the infrared part of the spectrum.

它们的身体也会放热,通常位于光谱的红外部分。

60 distinct

[dɪ'stɪŋkt]

adj. 明显的(obvious);清晰的(clear);不同的(different);可辨别的(clearly recognized)

The Depression passed through to distinct stages.

大萧条经历了不同的阶段。

61 enable

[ɪ'neɪbl]

v. 使能够(to make able);使可能(to make possible)

Water and nutrients stay in the soil and enable plant growth.

水分和养分留在土壤中,使植物得以生长。

62 estimate

['estɪmət]

v. 估价(to calculate roughly);估计(to think)

Joly was able to estimate the annual increment of salt to the oceans.

乔利能够估算出每年海洋中盐的增加量。

63 responsible

[rɪ'spɑːnsəbl]

adj. 有责任的(having an obligation to do something);负责的(being in control);责任重大的(being in authority)

It is responsible for earthquakes.

它是引发地震的罪魁祸首。

64 shift

[ʃɪft]

v. 移动(to move);改变(to change)

The eastward shift signals the beginning of an El Nino.

东移标志着厄尔尼诺现象的开始。

65 focus

['fəʊkəs]

n. 焦点(the thing, person, situation etc. that people pay special attention to);焦距(focal length);中心(a center) v. 焦距(to adjust one’s eyes or an instrument on an object so that its image is clear)

It led to a focus on productivity.

它导致了人们对生产力的关注。

66 import

n. ['ɪmpɔːrt]

v. [ɪm'pɔːrt]

n. 进口(the activity of bringing goods into a country);进口商品(imported goods);输入(the activity of delivering goods to a country) v. 进口(to bring in)

The shift to increased mechanization in cotton production is apparent in the import of raw cotton and the sale of cotton goods.

棉花生产向机械化程度提高的转变在原棉进口和棉花产品销售中表现得很明显。

67 mill

[mɪl]

n. 磨坊(a place for grinding solids);工厂(a factory);磨粉机(a small device for grinding solids)

Once the logs arrived at a river, the trip downstream to a mill could be a long and tortuous one.

一旦木头到达河流,其顺流而下到达工厂的过程可能是漫长且曲折的。

68 Paleolithic

[ˌpeɪlɪə'lɪθɪk]

adj. 旧石器时代的(of or relating to the earliest period of the Stone Age)

Upper Paleolithic art was not confined to cave paintings.

旧石器时代晚期的艺术不仅限于洞穴壁画。

69 surrounding

[sə'raʊndɪŋ]

adj. 周围的(nearby)

The number of farming villages surrounding cities increased.

城市周边的农庄数量增多了。

70 continuous

[kən'tɪnjʊəs]

adj. 连续的(constant);继续的(keeping on)

Many migrators also must have an internal timing mechanism that compensates for the continuous daily movement of Earth relative to celestial objects.

许多迁徙者还必须有内部定时机制来补偿地球相对于天体每天的连续运动。

71 phenomenon

[fə'nɑːmɪnən]

n. 现象(anything that can be perceived as an occurrence or fact)

What are the factors causing this phenomenon?

造成这种现象的因素是什么?

72 solve

[sɑːlv]

v. 解决(to find the solution to);解答(to answer)

Sound films in the 1920s were unable to solve the technical flaws found in sound films before the First World War.

20 世纪 20 年代的有声电影无法解决第一次世界大战前有声电影存在的技术缺陷。

73 gain

[ɡeɪn]

n. 获得(attainment);收益(profit)

They can glide past eddies that would slow them down and then gain extra thrust by “pushing off” the eddies.

它们可以滑过会使它们减速的漩涡,然后通过“推开”漩涡获得额外的推力。

74 considerable

[kən'sɪdərəbl]

adj. 重要的(important);相当大的(large)

Play is not without considerable costs to the individual animal.

玩耍对于个体动物而言并非没有相当大的代价。

75 disappear

[ˌdɪsə'pɪr]

v. 消失(to cease to exist);不见(to go away);失踪(to become lost)

Coral larvae disappear.

珊瑚幼虫消失了。

76 nitrogen

['naɪtrədʒən]

n. 氮,氮气(a chemical element)

Legumes return nitrogen to the soil.

豆科植物将氮归还给土壤。

77 cretaceous

[krɪ'teɪʃəs]

adj. 白垩纪,白垩的(formed in the last period of the Mesozoic era)

Why is there a layer of clay between the rocks of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic?

为什么在白垩纪和新生代的岩石之间有一层黏土?

78 navigate

['nævɪɡeɪt]

v. 航行(to sail);驾驶(to drive);操纵(to maneuver)

Perhaps they navigate by the night sky.

可能它们靠夜空来导航。

79 plow

[plaʊ]

n. 犁(a large farming tool with sharp blades)

The new plow was easier to make.

新款的犁更容易制作。

80 rare

[rer]

adj. 罕见的(uncommon);珍贵的(priceless)

In fact, periods of glaciation are rare.

事实上,冰川期很罕见。

81 vast

[væst]

adj. 巨大的(huge);广阔的(of very great area)

It was probably a vast plain.

它可能是一片广阔的平原。

82 consist

[kən'sɪst]

v. 由……组成或构成(to be formed or composed);存在于(to exist)

Coral reefs consist of the outer skeletons of small living organisms.

珊瑚礁由微小生物的外部骨架组成。

83 genetic

[dʒə'netɪk]

adj. 基因的,遗传学的(connected with genes)

Are these constraints genetic, environmental, or both?

这些限制是遗传的,还是后天的,或是两者都有?

84 hydrogen

['haɪdrədʒən]

n. 氢气(a colorless gas that is the lightest of all the elements)

It contained very little hydrogen and helium.

它含有极少量的氢和氦。

85 lizard

['lɪzərd]

n. 蜥蜴(a reptile with four short legs and a long tail)

The chameleon lizard has the most striking ability to do this.

变色龙在这方面有最惊人的能力。

86 reveal

[rɪ'viːl]

v. 显示(to show);透露(to disclose);揭示(to expose);展现(to display)

Images of the Martian surface reveal many hundreds of volcanos.

火星表面的图像显示出数百座火山。

87 rural

['rʊrəl]

adj. 农村的,乡村的,田园的(of the countryside)

They had less control over the rural populations.

他们对农村人口的控制更少。

88 sign

[saɪn]

n. 手势(a gesture);符号(a symbol);迹象(an indication)

Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval.

微笑显然是一个表示友好和认可的通用符号。

89 access

['ækses]

n. 入口(an entrance);通道(a way of approaching);机会(an opportunity)

Farmers did not have access to many horses.

农民没有足够多的马。

90 amphibian

[æm'fɪbɪən]

n. 【脊椎】两栖动物(any animal that can live both on land and in water)

Most amphibian skin is fully water permeable and is therefore not a barrier against evaporation or solar radiation.

大多数两栖动物的皮肤是完全透水的,因此不能阻挡蒸发或太阳辐射。

91 aspect

['æspekt]

n. 方面(a part);方位(a position);外观(a look);外貌(an appearance)

Another aspect of advertising that may especially influence children is fantasy.

广告特别能影响到孩子的另一个方面是幻想。

92 labor

['leɪbər]

n. 劳动(work);工人(a worker) v. 吃力地做(to struggle);干苦力活(to do hard work)

A united, highly successful labor movement took shape.

一场团结一致、非常成功的劳工运动形成了。

93 Mediterranean

[ˌmedɪtə'reɪnɪən]

adj. 地中海的(connected with the Mediterranean Sea)

Just as significant were changes in the geopolitics of the Mediterranean world.

地中海地区的地缘政治也发生了同样重大的变化。

94 plate

[pleɪt]

n. 碟(a flat dish);盘(a shallow dish);金属板(a piece of metal);板块(a large piece of the Earth’s surface)

How can volcanic activity occur so far from a plate boundary?

火山活动怎么会发生在离板块边界这么远的地方?

95 residence

['rezɪdəns]

n. 住宅(a house);住处(home);居住,滞留(the state of living in a place)

This raises the matter of a lake’s residence time.

这就引出了湖泊滞留时间的问题。

96 stability

[stə'bɪlətɪ]

n. 稳定性(the firmness)

This kind of stability is also called resilience.

这种稳定性也称作弹性。

97 arise

[ə'raɪz]

v. 出现(to begin to exist);升起,上升(to rise);发生(to happen);起来(to get up)

The signal must arise from the flower bud.

这个信号一定是从花蕾中发出来的。

98 volume

['vɑːljuːm]

n. 卷(a roll of);体积(the amount of space);册(a book of);音量(loudness of sound);容量(the capacity);数量(the amount)

Water controls the volume of plant matter produced.

水控制着生产的植物的数量。

99 coast

[kəʊst]

n. 海岸(a shore);海滨(the area where the land meets the sea)

Migrating north in the spring, they keep the coast on their right.

它们在春天向北迁徙时,海岸始终在它们的右边。

100 crater

['kreɪtər]

n. 火山口(a large hole in the top of a volcano);(由撞击或爆炸形成的)大坑(a very large hole in the ground)

After a decade-long search, scientists identified what appears to be the impact crater from the event.

经过长达 10 年的搜寻,科学家们确定了可能是那次撞击造成的陨石坑。 cognn9wXLWsgn2fFZuN+HH8sM7Lm705MXhWwk6Y/SFhK85u4HZ6E2chPeJfEiW9r

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