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The first patent for the invention of the telephone happened in 1876 and AI was introduced at a much later stage.
In true terms，the field of AI research was founded at a workshop held on the campus of Dartmouth College during the summer of 1956. At that time，it was predicted that a machine as intelligent as a human being would exist in no more than a generation and they were given millions of dollars to make this vision come true.
Investment and interest in AI rose in the first decades of the 21st century. From that time，Machine Learning was successfully applied to many problems in academia and industry due to the presence of a powerful computer.
（1）1950—The time when it all started
So now this concept has been around for decades but，until 1950，people were unaware of the term. McCarthy，who is known as the founder of Artificial Intelligence，introduced the term “Artificial Intelligence” in the year 1955.
McCarthy，along with Alan Turing，Allen Newell，Herbert A. Simon，and Marvin Minsky are known as the founding fathers of AI. Alan suggested that if humans use available information，as well as reason，to solve problems to make decisions—then why can't it be done with the help of machines？
（2）1974—The time when computers flourished
Gradually with time，the wave of computers started. With time，they became faster，more affordable and able to store more information. The best part was that they could think abstractly，were able to self-recognize and achieve Natural Language Processing Exercises.
（3）1980—The year of AI
In 1980，AI research fired back up with an expansion of funds and algorithmic tools.With Deep Learning techniques，the computer learned from the user experience.
（4）2000’s—The moment AI landed as a landmark
After all the failed attempts，the technology was successfully established but，it was in the 2000s that the landmark goals were achieved. At that time，AI thrived despite a lack of government funds and public attention.
1）Facts aren't artificial
We know that technology is evolving day by day and AI is reaching new heights.Even the research is growing constantly and continues to grow. In the last five years，AI research has grown by 12.9％ annually worldwide，hence it can be seen that the rate at which AI is growing is truly commendable.
2）Present condition of AI
We all might be aware of the present situation，and what value AI holds in our lives.AI collects and organizes large amounts of information to make insights and guesses that are beyond the human capabilities of manual processing. Amazing！ Isn't it？
With its increasing organizational efficiencies，the likelihood of a mistake and detected irregular patterns is reduced. So，if we talk about spam or fraud， or the warning it provides to business in real-time about suspicious activity，a lot has been safeguarded already.
3）Is the future in safe hands or not？
Next，in the AI history article，we will see whether the future is in safe hands or not. If AI is the future，then there is absolutely no doubt.
Starting from healthcare，education，e-commerce to water power，electricity and assembly lines，everything is automated. Such machines and technologies have helped humans to achieve efficiency and effectiveness.
There is a big shift in the way we live，work and relate to one another due to the adoption of the cyber-physical systems ，Internet of Things and the Internet of Systems.
With Self Aware Systems，human-like intelligence has been developed. With Artificial Superintelligence and AI algorithms， the machines are capable of outperforming the smartest of humans in every single domain.
We all know what the future is，but there is a bit of uncertainty about how it will be presented and what changes it will make to the generations. Will it have a positive impact or will there be some negative repercussions？
Until now，there have also been some Artificial Intelligence systems that were specialists，e.g. AlphaGo （in Fig. 1.2 below）. Superintelligence takes Artificial Intelligence to the next stage.
Fig. 1.2 AlphaGo
Superintelligence refers to being smarter than a human platform that can outperform a human in any intellectual task.
The question，when there will be AGI and when there will be superintelligence，is，of course，difficult to answer（as nearly all answers refer to future prediction）. Nick Bostrom，who is an AI researcher at Oxford University，evaluates this question in a paper.
You must have heard of the warnings given by Stephen Hawking，Elon Musk，and Bill Gates. The predictions are negative but，I will eagerly be looking to see what researchers produce in this field in the future.Be it Artificial Intelligence，Superintelligence—AI takeover？
At present，there are three major schools that have a greater influence on Artificial Intelligence research：symbolism，connectionism，and behaviorism.
Symbolism，also known as logicism，psychologism or computerism，its principles are mainly the hypothesis of the physical symbol system（i.e. the symbolic operating system）and the principle of limited rationality.
Proposition：This school believes that Artificial Intelligence is derived from mathematical logic. Mathematical logic developed rapidly from the end of the 19th century，and began to be used to describe intelligent behavior in the 1930s. After the computer appeared，a logical deduction system was realized on the computer. Its representative result is the heuristic program LT logic theorist，who proved 38 mathematical theorems，showing that computers can be used to study human thinking and simulate human intelligence activities. This school believes that the basic unit of human cognition and thinking is the symbol，and the cognitive process is an operation on the symbolic representation. Symbolism is dedicated to simulating the cognitive process of humans with computer symbolic operations. The essence is to simulate the abstract logical thinking of the human left brain. By studying the functional mechanism of the human cognitive system，certain symbols are used to describe the cognitive process of humans，and input this kind of symbol into a computer that can process symbols，so as to simulate the cognitive process of human beings and realize Artificial Intelligence.
Connectionism，also known as bionicsism or physiologism，is an AI school based on the theory of biological evolution. Its main theoretical basis is the connection mechanism and learning algorithm between neural networks.
Proposition：The principle is mainly the neural network and the connection mechanism and learning algorithm between the neural network. This school believes that Artificial Intelligence is derived from bionics，especially the study of human brain models.Starting from the research results of neurophysiology and cognitive science，the connectionist school attributed human intelligence to the results of high-level activities of the human brain，emphasizing that intelligent activities are the result of a large number of simple units running in parallel through complex interconnections. Among them，Artificial Neural Network is its typical representative technology. Its representative result is the brain model created by the physiologist McCulloch and the mathematical logician Pitts in 1943，the MP model，which created a new way to imitate the structure and function of the human brain with electronic devices. It starts with neurons and then studies neural network models and brain models，opening up another development path for Artificial Intelligence.
Actionism，also known as evolutionism or cyberneticsism，is based on cybernetics and perception-action control systems.
Cybernetics thinking has become an important part of the ideological trend of the times as early as the 1940s and 1950s，affecting early Artificial Intelligence workers. The cybernetics and self-organizing systems proposed by Wiener and McCulloch，and the engineering cybernetics and biological cybernetics proposed by Qian Xuesen and others have influenced many fields. Cybernetics connects the working principles of the nervous system with information theory，control theory，logic，and computers. Early research work focused on simulating the intelligent behavior and role of humans in the control process，such as research on cybernetic systems such as self-optimization，selfadaptation，self-stabilization，self-organization，and self-learning，and carried out“cybernetic animals” development. In the 1960s and 1970s，certain progress was made in the research of these cybernetic systems. The seeds of intelligent control and intelligent robots were planted，and intelligent control and intelligent robot systems were born in the 1980s. Behaviorism only appeared in the face of a new school of Artificial Intelligence at the end of the 20th century，and it aroused the interest of many people.The representative author of this school first recommends six-legged walking robot，which is regarded as a new generation of “cybernetic animals”，a control system based on perception-action mode that simulates insect behavior.
From the perspective of the historical development of the three schools of Artificial Intelligence， semiotics believes that the cognitive process is ontologically a symbolic processing process. The human thinking process can always be described by a certain symbol. Its research is based on static，sequential，and serial line of digital computing model to deal with intelligence，seeking symbolic representation and calculation of knowledge. It is characterized by top-down. On the other hand，connectionism simulates the cognitive process that occurs in the human nervous system and provides a cognitive neurological research paradigm that is completely different from the symbolic processing model. It is argued that cognition is the interaction of interconnected neurons.Behaviorism is different from the previous two. AI is the interaction between the system and the environment，and it is an adaptation to the complex environment of the outside world.