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一般现在时态↓↓
一般现在时态表示现在经常发生的动作或存在的状态，现在的特征、状态或能力，也表示客观事实、普遍真理。
一般现在时态主要用动词的原形表示，be动词用am/is/are。如果主语为第三人称单数，则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。
□ These children are often spoiled, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways.
因为父母上班没有时间给予孩子爱和关注，所以他们经常以更物质的方式溺爱这些孩子。
□ This job calls for great patience.
这个工作要求很好的耐心。
在雅思Writing Task 1的写作中，我们写到“这幅……图展示了……”的时候，与“show”相关的词语都需要用一般现在时态。如果整个题目都没有涉及时间，全文需要使用一般现在时态。
□ The chart shows that the percentage of British household with a range of consumer durables increased steadily between 1972 and 1983.
图表显示，在1972年至1983年间，英国家庭拥有各种耐用消费品的比例稳步上升。
□ The chart gives information about post-school qualifications in terms of the different levels of further education reached by men and women in Australia in 1999.
该图表提供了1999年澳大利亚男性和女性在高中毕业后进行不同等级的深造的信息。
□ Globally 65% of land degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance, constituting 35% and 30% respectively.
全球65%的土地退化是由过多的放牧和森林砍伐造成的，分别占35%和30%。
现在进行时态↓↓
现在进行时态由“am/is/are＋doing”构成。这种时态可以表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与now，right now，at this moment，at present等连用；也可以表示目前一段时间内在做某一件事情，但说话时未必在做，常与these days等连用。
□ This is partly because sitting in front of a screen for too long can be damaging to both the eyes and the physical posture of a young child, regardless of what they are using the computer for.
这可能部分因为不管孩子们用电脑做什么，长时间坐在屏幕前都会损害他们的眼睛和身体姿态。
get，become，turn等动词使用现在进行时态时，表示“逐渐”“越来越”的意思。
□ It is said that countries are becoming similar to each other because of the global spread of the same products, which are now available for purchase almost anywhere.
有人认为国与国之间变得越来越相似，因为同样的产品在全球传播，这些产品现在几乎在任何地方都可以买到。
一般过去时态↓↓
一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去时间的状语连用。一般过去时态用动词的过去式表示，需要注意规则动词和不规则动词的变化。
□ Tourism numbers may also be affected, as travellers become disillusioned with finding every place just the same as the one they visited previously.
旅游人数可能也会受到影响，因为旅行者们失望地发现每一个地方都与他们之前去过的地方一样。
雅思写作中，这种时态通常用于Task 1。
□ However, during this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively.
然而，在这25年里，牛肉和羊肉的消费量急剧下降到分别大约100克和55克。
□ The proportion of people aged 65 or more stood at around 9% in the USA and 7% in Sweden in 1940.
在1940年，美国和瑞典65岁及以上的人口比例约占9%和7%。
used to do表示“过去常常”，表示过去的习惯动作（现在已经不发生了）。
□ Children in the past used to get up early and attended school physically, but now online courses allow children to study at home.
过去，孩子们通常起得很早去学校上课，但现在网络课程允许孩子们在家学习。
过去进行时态↓↓
过去进行时态由“was/were＋doing”构成，表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。
□ A century ago, technology was not advanced, so during that time, people were writing letters to their friends and family.
一个世纪以前，科技还不发达，所以在那个时候，人们给朋友和家人写信。
现在完成时态↓↓
现在完成时态由“have/has＋动词的过去分词”构成，表示一个动作开始于过去，这个动作或其影响延续到现在。
□ As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in many countries have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries.
由于媒体的不断关注，许多国家的职业运动员成为明星和名人，而且那些顶级选手获得了高额收入。
□ Over the last half century, the pace of change in the life of human beings has increased beyond our wildest expectations.
在过去的半个世纪里，人类生活的变化速度远远超出了我们最大胆的预期。
□ Good musicians or artists and exceptional sports stars have probably succeeded because of both good training and natural talent.
优秀的音乐家或艺术家以及杰出的体育明星之所以能获得成功，可能是良好的训练和天赋共同造成的。
□ Since 2013, tuition fees in Australian universities have increased considerably.
自2013年以来，澳大利亚高校的学费已经大幅上涨。
现在完成进行时态↓↓
现在完成进行时态由“has/have been＋doing”构成，表示一个动作开始于过去并且延续到现在，且该动作还要继续发生。
□ In many countries, people’s income levels have been rising steadily, especially in cities and towns.
在许多国家，人们的收入水平一直在稳步上升，尤其是在城市和城镇。
过去完成时态↓↓
过去完成时态由“had＋动词的过去分词”构成，表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。这个过去的时间常用by/before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示。
□ By 2004 the consumption of chicken had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week.
到2004年为止，鸡肉的消耗量已经飙升到每人每周约250克。
一般将来时态↓↓
一般将来时态由“will＋do”构成，表示将来的动作或状态，表示一种确定性。
□ Students will achieve good grades if they work hard.
如果学生努力学习，他们会取得好成绩。
□ Computers will bring many benefits but they will also increase the potential for unimaginable chaos.
电脑会带来很多好处，但是它们也有可能会增加不可想象的混乱。
一般将来时态还可以由“be to do”构成，表示“安排好或约定好的事”。
□ When a new town is to be designed, building public parks is important.
当规划新城镇的时候，修建公园是很重要的。
将来进行时态↓↓
将来进行时态由“will be＋doing”构成，表示将来某个时刻正在做的事情，或因为已经做好安排，某事一定会发生。
□ Their adult world will be changing constantly in terms of technology and the Internet is the key to all the knowledge and information available in the world today.
他们的成人世界将随着技术不断变化，而互联网已经成为当今世界上所有知识和信息获取的关键。
动词的被动语态由“be＋动词的过去分词”构成。以上九种时态中，现在完成进行时态和将来完成进行时态没有被动语态，其余时态的被动语态如下：
一般现在时态：am/is/are＋done
现在进行时态：am/is/are being＋done
一般过去时态：was/were＋done
过去进行时态：was/were being＋done
现在完成时态：has/have been＋done
过去完成时态：had been＋done
一般将来时态：will be＋done
□ This trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.
这一趋势不仅局限于有钱去旅行的富学生，在选择工作并在一段时间内实现经济独立的穷学生中也很明显。
□ However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds.
然而，运动员的工资并不是由他们对社会做出的贡献，或者所承担的责任多少来决定的。
□ This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis.
推动这一趋势的是几乎每天都在改变我们看待世界的全部方式的技术和科学突破。
□ In these ways responsibility is developed in the child.
用这些方式，孩子们的责任感可以得到培养。
如果主动句中带有情态动词，在变为被动句时，该情态动词保持不变。
□ Many people think that there are too many commercial breaks on TV, the number of which should be reduced.
许多人认为电视上有太多的商业广告，应该减少这些广告的数量。
带有介词的动词词组的句子也可以变为被动语态，这时，介词不能省略。
□ Children whose parents are working in cities are taken good care of by their grandparents in villages.
父母在城市工作的孩子在农村由祖父母照顾。