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一个完整的英语句子，至少由两个部分组成（祈使句除外）——主语和谓语。除了主语和谓语外，句子有时候还需要其他成分，如用在及物动词后面表示行为对象或结果的宾语，用在系动词之后的表语，修饰或限定名词或代词的定语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或全句的状语，对名词或代词做进一步解释的同位语以及补语等。
主语↓↓
主语是句子叙述的主体，通常由名词性质的词语（名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等）充当。
□ Schools should make an effort to provide a well-rounded education and produce versatile individuals.
学校应该努力提供全面的教育并且培养全面的人才。
□ What the teachers should do is to help students with their confidence.
老师应该做的是帮助学生树立信心。
□ Participating in sports can enhance students’ physical health.
参加运动可以增强学生们的体质。
□ Primary school teachers may not have the necessary language skills themselves.
小学老师们自己可能没有具备必需的语言技能。
谓语↓↓
谓语表示主语的动作或状态，由动词的各种时态充当，有简单谓语（由动词或动词词组充当）和复合谓语（由“情态动词或助动词+动词”构成）之分。谓语动词也包括系动词，系动词不独立作谓语，只是连接其后的词语给出主语信息，如状态或关系。常见的系动词有be，smell，go，sound，look，seem，become，get，grow，feel，remain，stay等。谓语动词还可以分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后须接名词性质的词语作宾语，而不及物动词后不可以直接接宾语，如接宾语，须加上相应的介词。
□ This skill comes with time and good parenting.
这种技能的培养需要时间和良好的家庭教育。
□ Young children may also gain a better understanding of other cultures.
小孩子也可能对其他文化有更好的理解。
□ Parents do not need to attend parenting classes.
父母不用参加育儿课程。
□ Sport is playing a crucial role in people’s lives.
运动在人们的生活中扮演重要的角色。
宾语↓↓
宾语可以分为位于及物动词后的动词宾语和位于介词后的介词宾语，通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句充当。
□ Parents will help children learn what is important in life, how they are expected to behave and what role they will play in their world.
家长会帮助孩子们学会生活中什么事情重要，应该如何行事以及在他们的世界里应该扮演什么样的角色。
□ Taking a year off to work after high school can increase students’ practical experience; therefore, high school graduates should be encouraged to do so.
高中毕业后腾出一年时间工作可以增加学生们的实践经验，因此，应该鼓励高中毕业生这样做。
□ These courses use a variety of methods to sharpen students’ leadership skills.
这些课程使用各种方式提高学生们的领导能力。
□ Studying overseas means that students need to lead an independent life.
出国留学意味着学生们需要独立生活。
□ Students can build self-confidence and increase learning motivation.
学生们可以建立自信并增加学习动力。
□ Some people believe that high school students are too young to have a foresight on their future career.
有的人认为高中生太年轻，对未来的职业生涯没有远见。
表语↓↓
表语说明主语的特征、属性、状态或身份，通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词或从句充当。
□ Reading stories in books may be boring but it is still very important to their literacy skills.
读故事书可能会无聊，但是对他们的读写能力很重要。
□ What parents always need to do is to control their children properly.
父母经常需要做的是适当地控制他们的孩子。
□ Many ordinary people’s common goal is that they can have a steady source of income and earn a living to support themselves.
很多普通人的共同目标是他们可以拥有一个稳定的收入来源，依靠自己的劳动生活，自力更生。
□ The best way to lose weight is participating in sports regularly.
最好的减肥方式是经常锻炼。
定语↓↓
定语修饰或限定名词或代词，通常由形容词、代词、数词、名词、名词所有格、副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、分词（短语）或从句等充当。形容词、代词、数词、名词、动名词、分词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面，叫前置定语；而介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、副词、从句作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，叫后置定语。
□ The variety of sports that could be offered would cater for all ages, levels of fitness and interests.
可提供的各类运动应满足所有年龄、健康水平以及兴趣的人们的需求。
□ Playing video games can contribute to children’s intellectual development; however, limiting their screen time is also important.
玩电子游戏可以促进孩子们的智力发展，然而，限制他们的屏幕时间也很重要。
□ At its simplest, it could mean giving the financial support necessary to provide a home, food and clothes and making sure the child is safe and receives an adequate education.
最简单地讲，这可能意味着给予必要的资金帮助以提供住所、食物和衣服，也意味着确保孩子安全并接受足够的教育。
□ That is why, in recent years, there has been a growing body of opinion in favour of putting more resources into health education and preventive measures.
那就是为什么近些年越来越多的观点赞同把更多资源投入到健康教育和预防措施中。
状语↓↓
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。它可以表示时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。充当状语的有副词、介词短语、不定式、分词短语、形容词和从句等。
□ Young children pick up languages more easily than teenagers.
幼儿比青少年学习语言更容易。
□ High quality nursery schools can be set up to support families in terms of raising the next generation.
修建高质量的幼儿园可以帮助家庭抚养下一代。
□ When they get to school age they have not learned any self-control, so it could be parents’responsibility.
当他们到了上学年龄的时候，他们还没有学会自我控制，这就是家长的责任。
□ If vocational training can be provided to reform criminals, they can also become useful members of society.
如果可以提供职业培训改造罪犯，他们也可以成为有用的社会成员。
□ Useful suggestions have been given to developing countries, reducing their reliance on international aid.
发展中国家得到了实用的建议，减少了他们对国际援助的依赖。
宾语补足语↓↓
有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明，这一部分内容称为宾语补足语。宾语补足语可以由形容词、分词短语、不定式短语、名词、介词短语、副词充当。
□ Many girls may find maths difficult.
很多女孩觉得数学很难。
同位语↓↓
同位语对句子中某一名词（词组）做进一步解释、说明，与该名词（词组）在语法上处于同等地位。同位语通常位于被解释、说明的名词（词组）之后。可以作同位语的有名词、代词、数词和从句等。
□ Distance learning, the most popular way of study now, is cheaper than face-to-face learning.
远程学习，现在最流行的学习方式，比面对面学习更便宜。
□ Education, the most important issue that people now are talking about, is of significance to a country’s development.
教育，现在人们所讨论的最重要的问题，对国家的发展很重要。
简单句↓↓
简单句是可以独立存在的句子，通常情况下只有一个主语（并列主语）和一个谓语（并列谓语）。简单句有三种基本结构：
◇主语＋谓语
◇主语＋谓语＋宾语
◇主语＋系动词＋表语
□ Many innovations are made with the aim of making money.
很多创新产品都是以赚钱为目的而生产的。
□ Computers are useful tools.
电脑是有用的工具。
□ Imported goods have challenged domestic manufactures’ dominance and intensified competition.
进口产品挑战了本国商品的主导地位，而且激化了竞争。
并列句↓↓
并列句是由并列连词或副词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子。下表是可以连接两个简单句的并列连词和副词。
注意：当副词连接两个简单句时，副词前面需要使用分号（；），副词后需要使用逗号（，）。
◇简单句（，）连词 简单句
◇简单句；副词，简单句
□ Children are very likely to be susceptible to peer behaviour and have socially-unacceptable manners.
儿童很容易受到同龄人行为的影响，有社会无法接受的行为。
□ Such talents can give individuals a facility for certain skills that allow them to excel, while more hard-working students never manage to reach a comparable level.
这样的天分可以给人们提供一种能让他们超越别人的技能，而更勤奋的学生则永远无法达到类似的水平。
□ Teachers, nurses, laboratory researchers etc. are never listed among the best-paid professionals, yet they are more important to our well-being and our future than the stars who earn their fortunes so quickly.
教师、护士、实验室研究人员等从来没有被列入薪酬最高的专业人士之列，但他们对我们的幸福和我们的未来比那些挣钱迅速的明星更为重要。
□ Computers have improved the way people communicate at the workplace, so an increasing number of companies are now using the email as a form of communication.
电脑已经改善了人们在工作中的沟通方式，因此越来越多的公司现在将电子邮件作为一种沟通方式。
□ The Internet is being used worldwide; however, many people do not have access to the Internet.
互联网正在全球范围使用，但是很多人仍然无法上网。