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名词性从句指在句子中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，在句子中分别充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
引导名词性从句的连接词有两类：that和wh-类连接词。
that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接从句的作用。that没有实际意义，也就是说，that后面是一个完整的句子。
主语从句↓↓
□ That children are given more freedom is a wise idea.
给孩子们更多的自由是一个明智的想法。
注意：that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句后置。
□ It is a wise idea that children are given more freedom.
it作形式主语常见的句式主要有以下三种：
It＋系动词＋adj. (true/clear/obvious/certain/possible/(un) likely...)＋that从句
It＋系动词＋n. (a pity/a fact/no wonder/no surprise...)＋that从句
It＋be＋过去分词 (argued/said/claimed/asserted...)＋that从句
□ Even though it is unlikely that all workers do feel happy in their work, I think it is not unrealistic to promote more job satisfaction in any job.
虽然让所有的员工都对自己的工作感到满意是不太可能的，但我认为在任何工作中提高工作满意度还是现实的。
□ It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。
□ It is said that countries are becoming similar to each other because of the global spread of the same products, which are now available for purchase almost anywhere.
有人认为国与国之间变得越来越相似，因为同样的产品在全球传播，这些产品现在几乎在任何地方都可以买到。
在“It＋系动词+ adj.＋that从句”句型中，当形容词是important/necessary/appreciate/essential等时，后面的that从句需用“(should) do”的结构。
□ It is important that children learn at an early age to use high-tech equipment, as they will need these skills throughout their studies and working lives.
重要的是，孩子们从小就应该学会使用电子设备，因为他们在学习和工作生涯中需要这些技能。
在“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”句型中，当过去分词是表示“建议、命令、要求”等的动词（suggested/requested/required/ordered/proposed）时，后面的that从句常用“（should）do”的结构。
□ It is suggested that people (should) do exercise regularly.
有人建议人们应该定期锻炼。
宾语从句↓↓
宾语位于及物动词和介词后，但是that引导的宾语从句大多数位于及物动词后，而不是介词后。
□ I strongly believe that this modern development is largely detrimental to culture and traditions worldwide.
我坚信，这种现代发展对全世界的文化和传统都是非常有害的。
□ We forget that even the cheapest plastic bag has used up valuable resources and energy to produce.
我们忘记了即使是生产最便宜的塑料袋也会耗尽宝贵的资源和能源。
□ Sooner or later they will find that the familiar jobs no longer exist, or that the “safe” patterns of behaviour are no longer appropriate.
他们迟早会发现熟悉的工作不复存在，或者“安全”的行为模式不再合适。
□ Today’s sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either people’s work or their leisure time.
如今久坐的生活方式以及压力重重的工作环境意味着体育活动不再是人们工作或闲暇时间的一部分。
如果动词表示“建议、命令、要求”，后面的宾语从句需要使用“(should) do”的结构。
□ Doctors suggest that children should not play computers for a long time because it is harmful to their eyesight.
医生建议孩子们不要长时间玩电脑，因为这对他们的视力有害。
注意：当动词为find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess等且that引导的宾语从句后有补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置，即：
find/feel/think/consider/make/believe/guess it＋adj./n.＋that...
□ Some people find it necessary that well-equipped childcare centres should be established.
有些人认为有必要建立设备完善的儿童保育中心。
有些动词（词组）带宾语从句时需要在从句前加it，如hate，like，appreciate，depend on等。take it for granted中的it是位于动词短语中而不是从句之前。
□ Living in a family full of violence, children take it for granted that violence is the best way to resolve problems.
生活在充满暴力的家庭里，孩子们理所当然地认为暴力是解决问题的最好方式。
有时候，某些形容词如sure，certain，true后面也可以跟宾语从句。
□ Strong academic performers are always sure that they can be admitted into prestigious universities.
成绩好的学生总是确信他们可以考入名牌大学。
表语从句↓↓
□ Another advantage of going to school at an early age is that children develop faster socially.
早上学的另一个好处是孩子们在社交方面发展得更快。
□ My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons.
我的观点是应该鼓励年轻人开阔眼界。
□ The obvious argument in its favour is that young children pick up languages much more easily than teenagers.
支持这一观点的显而易见的理由是，幼儿比青少年学习语言更容易。
引导表语从句的连接词还有because。
□ This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes that are in their own interests.
这是因为我们社会中有钱有势的人能够进行符合他们自身利益的变革。
需要注意的是主语为名词reason时，表语从句的连接词用that和because都可以，构成句型“The reason (why ...) is that/because ...”。
□ The reason why people choose to learn foreign cultures by travelling overseas is that/because they can experience many events in person.
人们选择到国外旅游学习外国文化的原因是他们可以亲身经历很多事情。
当主语是advice，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，order，command，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语动词应该使用虚拟语气，即无论主语是单数或复数，谓语一般用“(should) do”的形式。
□ The teacher’s advice is that students (should) listen to them carefully in class.
老师的建议是学生在课堂上要认真听讲。
同位语从句↓↓
可以被同位语从句修饰的名词一般有：belief，doubt，idea，news，opinion，possibility，thought，fact，promise，suggestion，report，word等。
□ The reason for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world.
造成这一趋势的原因可能包括人们认识到一个中学毕业后直接上大学的年轻人在常识和社会经验方面都相当缺乏。
□ I agree with the view that super stars in the entertainment business are usually over paid.
我同意娱乐圈明星的收入通常过高的观点。
□ Obviously, education systems are based on the belief that all children can effectively be taught to acquire different skills, including those associated with sport, art or music.
显然，教育体系建立在这样一种信念之上：所有的孩子都可以被有效地教育以获得不同的技能，包括与体育、艺术或音乐相关的技能。
□ There is no doubt that traffic and pollution from vehicles have become huge problems, both in cities and on motorways everywhere.
毫无疑问，无论是在城市还是在世界各地的高速公路上，机动车造成的交通和污染都已成为巨大的问题。
同位语从句如果在suggestion，advice，request，order，demand，requirement等意为“建议，命令，要求”的名词后，谓语动词通常为“(should) do”形式。
□ The suggestion comes from the government that people (should) use public traffic and cleaner energy.
政府提出建议，人们应该使用公共交通以及清洁能源。
□ wh-类连接词分为whether、连接代词和连接副词。whether在句中不充当任何成分，即其后是一个完整的句子，但是它在句中表示“是否”的含义。
□ 连接代词主要有what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whomever等，它们在从句中既作特定成分（主语、宾语或表语），又有具体的含义，不能省略。
□ what和whatever还可以充当定语成分。
□ 连接副词主要有when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever，however等，它们在句中既做状语又有具体含义，不能省略。
主语从句↓↓
□ Whether training is important is a broadly discussed when people try to explain different levels of ability in, for example, sport, art or music.
当人们试图解释体育、艺术或音乐等能力的不同水平时，培训是否重要是一个经常被讨论的话题。
□ Whether working parents should send their children to childcare centres is a frequent topic of discussion.
上班族父母是否应该把孩子送到托儿所是一个经常讨论的话题。
□ What the government should do is take immediate actions to protect the environment.
政府应该做的是立即采取行动保护环境。
需要注意的是what引导的从句作主语时，句子的表语需要使用to do结构，但是如果what从句中有动词do，则可以省略to。
宾语从句↓↓
wh-类连接词也可以位于大多数及物动词后引导宾语从句。
□ They will certainly be the first to help children learn what is important in life, how they are expected to behave and what role they will play in their world.
他们一定会首先帮助孩子学会生活中什么是重要的，应该如何行事，以及在他们自己的世界中要扮演什么角色。
□ They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please.
不管价格如何，他们被允许拥有他们想要的任何东西，并且想怎么做就怎么做。
□ Feelings about one’s job must reflect how an individual feels about his or her life as a whole.
一个人对工作的感觉一定反映这个人对自己生活的总体感觉。
□ Many students do not know whether they should specialise in different subject areas.
许多学生不知道他们是否应该专攻不同的学科领域。
宾语从句也可以位于介词后。
□ That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why students with such a perspective are usually the most effective and motivated ones and taking a year off may be the best way to gain this.
这是让他们清楚地了解他们希望自己的生活是什么样的最好方式，以及为什么能明白这一点的学生通常是最有效、最积极的学生，而休假一年或许是获得这一目标的最好方式。
□ This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from.
这意味着孩子在成长过程中没有考虑别人，也不知道他们的生活水平来自哪里。
□ Whether athletes can achieve the greatest success in their chosen sport rely heavily on how good their mental attitude is.
运动员是否可以在他们所选项目上获得最大的成功很大程度上取决于他们的心态有多好。
wh-类连接词引导的从句也可以位于形容词sure，certain等词后作宾语。
□ This is true whether we are considering stars of film, sport or popular music.
无论我们考虑的是电影、体育还是流行音乐的明星，这都是事实。
表语从句↓↓
□ However, some people believe that innate talent is what differentiates a person who has been trained to play a sport or an instrument, from those who become good players.
然而，有些人认为是与生俱来的天分把通过训练掌握一项运动或一种乐器的人和那些高手区别开来。
同位语从句↓↓
□ The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.
为什么那么多人选择住在农村而在城市工作的问题还在讨论中。