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Unit 03

本单元资源

038

result [rɪˈzʌlt]

n. 结果;后果 vi. (因…)发生;导致

vi. (因…)发生 (2021年完形)

For women, the association may be attributable to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be involved. 对女性来说,存在这种联系的原因可能是腹部脂肪过多导致的免疫系统变化;而在男性当中,免疫系统似乎不受影响。

vi. 导致 (2021年翻译)

These demands resulted in a very rapid expansion of the systems of higher education, beginning in the 1960s and developing very rapidly (though unevenly) during the 1970s and 1980s. 这些需求导致了高等教育体系的迅速扩张,它(该体系)始于20世纪60年代,在20世纪70年代和80年代迅速发展(尽管并不平衡)。

真题词组小记

as a result 结果是

as a result of 由于

result in 造成…结果

result from 由…引起

consequence [ˈkɒnsɪkwəns]

n. 结果;后果 ;重要性

n. 结果 (2013年阅读)

The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences , is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. 当今技术发展的潜力及其社会效益十分复杂,也许最好是把我们可以想象的诸多可能性留给科幻小说家和未来学家们去研究。

consequently [ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli]

adv. 因此

adv. 因此 (2017年翻译)

Complex international, economic, technological and cultural changes could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breadth of English usage would consequently face new pressures. 复杂的国际、经济、技术和文化变化可能开始削弱英语在全球语言中的主导地位,因英语的广泛使用而享有优势的英国各方利益集团将因此面临诸多新压力。

outcome [ˈaʊtkʌm]

n. 结果;成果

拓展记忆:和词组come out (结果是)一起记

n. 结果 (2012年新题型)

This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active creation—whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. 这是因为电脑联网已经引发了一场“下载”与“上传”之间的隐秘战争,即被动消费与主动创新之间的较量,而这场战争的结果将以未知的方式塑造我们共同的未来。

aftermath [ˈɑːftəmæθ]

n. (战争、事故、不快事情等的)后果

n. (战争、事故、不快事情等的)后果 (2016年阅读)

From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics. 从事业到社区再到家庭,这些对照差异表明,在经济大衰退余波未了的情况下,那些人生刚刚起步的年轻人正在定义人生首要事项和各种期待,而这些事项和期待将会真正日益贯穿美国人生活的各个方面,从消费喜好到房子的户型,再到政治。

fallout [ˈfɔːlaʊt]

n. 后果

financial fallout 经济(衰退的)后果 // political fallout 政治后果

易混词辨析

● result:普通用词,含义广泛,常用于表示事情过去之后的结果;

● outcome:普通用词,常用于谈及行动或过程可能会产生的结果;

● consequence:多指某一事件引起的不良结果,侧重事件发展的逻辑关系;

● aftermath:尤指战争、事故或者不快事情导致的直接后果或者创伤;

● fallout:指某种情况或者行动带来的不良后果或者产生的余波。

039

court [kɔːt]

n. 法院;宫廷;法庭 ;全体出庭人员;(网球等的)球场

n. 法院

a federal appeals court 一家联邦上诉法院

n. 法庭

a court stenographer 一名法庭速记员

文化休息站

美国法院分为联邦法院和州法院两大系统。联邦法院由1个最高法院、13个上诉法院和94个地方法院组成。联邦上诉法院主要裁定来自其联邦司法管辖区内对于地方法院判决的案件的上诉。

courtship [ˈkɔːtʃɪp]

n. 求爱 ;(动物的)求偶

n. 求爱 (2012年翻译)

Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world's languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. 正如人类纷繁复杂的求爱仪式可能都被视同雌雄选择的诸多形式一样,或许世界上的语言、音乐、社会及宗教习俗,甚至历史也都由许多普遍特征支配。

defense/-ce [dɪˈfens]

n. 辩护;保护;防御(物);[D-]国防机构

n. 辩护 (2015年阅读)

The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing. 她辩护成功主要是因为她一无所知。

n. 保护

automatic self-defence 无意识的自我保护

n. 防御(物) (2012年阅读)

Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. 快速做出决定可能是重要的防御机制;如果要判断某人是否会带来危险,我们的大脑和身体会无意识地在几毫秒内快速做出反应。

defendant [dɪˈfendənt]

n. 被告

n. 被告 (2015年阅读)

Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants . 已有足够多的(新技术的)影响可以被察觉,甚至是显而易见的,因此,法官们能够也应该为警方、律师以及被告提供与时俱进的指导原则。

prosecute [ˈprɒsɪkjuːt]

vt. 起诉 vi. 担任控方律师

词根记忆:pro(before, 事先)+secut(follow, 追踪)+e→事先追踪行迹→起诉

vt. 起诉 (2016年阅读)

New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption. 新的研究显示,企业社会责任(CSR)可能会为公司创造出金钱价值——至少当它们面临腐败指控时是如此。

prosecution [ˌprɒsɪˈkjuːʃn]

n. 起诉 ;原告方

prosecution for bribery 针对贿赂的起诉

prosecutor [ˈprɒsɪkjuːtə(r)]

n. 检察官 ;公诉人

judge [dʒʌdʒ]

n. 法官;裁判员 ;鉴定人 v. 判断 ;审判;评价

n. 裁判员

a judge for the upcoming English speech contest 接下来的英语演讲比赛的一名评委

v. 判断 (2013年阅读)

It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness. 要判断复杂的性格特征,比如一个人是不是神经质,是不是心胸开阔,则需要一段时间。

judg(e)ment [ˈdʒʌdʒmənt]

n. 判断力;评价;判决

n. 判断力

the accuracy of our judgement 我们判断力的准确性 // the use of judgement by management 管理层判断力的运用

n. 评价

make judgments 做出评价 // journalistic judgment 新闻评论 // moral judgment 道德评判

n. 判决 (2012年完形)

The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. 最高法院法官的伦理判决近来成为一个重要的问题。

trial [ˈtraɪəl]

n. 审判;试验;比赛 v. 试验;试用

联想记忆:和trail( n. 足迹)一起记,注意区分拼写

n. 审判 (2017年阅读)

The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts”, or the former governor's decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties. 最高法院在裁决中称,有一件事审判麦克唐纳诉讼案的法官没有告知陪审团:陪审团必须只关注麦克唐纳的“官方行为”,或是只关注这位前州长在其职责相关的“特定的”和“待定的”问题上所做出的决定。

n. 试验

trial subscription 试订阅

n. 比赛

a time trial 一次计时赛

appeal [əˈpiːl]

n. 上诉;吸引力;呼吁 vi. 有吸引力 ;上诉;呼吁

n. 上诉

the appeals court 上诉法院

n. 吸引力 (2011年阅读)

Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned. 其他营销者的存在除了可以带来收入,也能使该网站看起来客观公正,使企业有机会了解到有关其他公司市场营销独到之处的宝贵信息,可能有助于增加所有相关企业的用户流量。

n. 呼吁

a desperate appeal from some biologists 一些生物学家不顾一切的呼吁

vi. 有吸引力 (2018年阅读)

Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. 像园丁和日间托管这样低收入的工作对机器人并没有吸引力。

plead [pliːd]

v. 恳求;辩护;解释

串词记忆:请(please)让我为你辩护(plead)

v. 恳求 (2006年翻译)

First, the object of our study pleads for definition.首先,我们需要定义所研究的对象。

040

market [ˈmɑːkɪt]

n. 市场;集市 vt. 推销

marketer [ˈmɑːkɪtə(r)]

n. 市场营销人员

marketing [ˈmɑːkɪtɪŋ]

n. 营销;促销

n. 营销 (2021年新题型)

Some AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates. 一些人工智能软件可以分析和优化营销电子邮件的主题栏,提高邮件打开率。

budget [ˈbʌdʒɪt]

n. 预算 vi. 编预算 vt. 把…编入预算 adj. 价格低廉的

n. 预算

an unbalanced budget 不均衡的预算 // annual budget 年度预算 // a tight budget 预算紧张

vi. 编预算 (2007年阅读)

Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. 今天(美国)家庭的开支预算都已经是按双薪收入这种新的状况的极限来制订的。

levy [ˈlevi]

n. 税款 vt. 征收 ;征税

n. 税款

impose a levy 强征一项税款

vt. 征收 (2020年阅读)

A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them restored. 现在,一名法官已经否决了该市停止征收罚款的决议,下令恢复罚款。

041

place [pleɪs]

n. 地方 ;表面的某处;(尤指占用或空着的)座位;(速度比赛或竞赛获胜者的)名次 vt. (小心或有意)放置;使(人)处于某位置;以某种态度对待(或看待);下赌注 ;获名次

vt. 使(人)处于某位置 (2013年阅读)

Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions. 定额能带来切实的行动:它们可以“开启平等之路,打破(阻碍女性晋升的)玻璃天花板,”雷丁说,在法国及其他一些国家已经看到了这一效果,这些国家以法律约束条款使女性身居公司高层职位。

vt. 下赌注

place big bets on 就…进行一次“豪赌”

真题词组小记

in place 在正确位置;准备就绪

in place of sb./sth. | in sb.'s/sth's place 代替,顶替

in the first place 起初

take place (尤指根据安排或计划)发生,进行

place emphasis on 重视

placement [ˈpleɪsmənt]

n. (对物件的)安置 ;(对人的)安排

n. (对物件的)安置 (2011年新题型)

“If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes—by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events,” he said. 他说:“如果我们真的够勇敢,我们甚至可以开始用看待香烟的方式来看待高热量的快餐——对其广告、植入式营销以及体育赛事赞助实施严格的限制。”

replace [rɪˈpleɪs]

vt. 代替;(用…)替换

vt. 代替 (2018年阅读)

By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. 当一个问题(用竞争法)处理和纠正完成时,这个问题可能已经在市场上消失,被新形式的权力滥用给替代了。

replacement [rɪˈpleɪsmənt]

n. (尤指工作中的)代替者;替代品 ;替换

misplaced [ˌmɪsˈpleɪst]

adj. 不合时宜的 ;给错对象的

adj. 不合时宜的 (2021年翻译)

The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers, it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. 研究人员还提出,我们回避与陌生人进行随意互动,往往是出于一种不应该有的焦虑,即担心他们可能不想和我们说话。

substitute [ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt]

n. 替代者 v. (以…)代替

n. 替代者 (2011年阅读)

Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. 那些忠实的音乐会观众反驳说现场演出绝非唱片所能替代,但是他们没有看到问题的实质。

v. (以…)代替 (2019年阅读)

High sympathy can substitute for low guilt. 高度的同情心可以代替低层次的内疚。

042

set [set]

vt. 确定;使处于某种状况;创立 ;放;把故事情节安排在;摆放餐具 n. 一组 ,一套(配套使用的东西);电视机 adj. 套(餐) ;安排好的

vt. 确定 (2021年新题型)

If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we'll never make it. 如果我们设定的截止日期是季度末,那我们肯定完成不了。

vt. 使处于某种状况 (2020年阅读)

Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. 纵观18次试验的每一次,平均来说,活老鼠放走社交机器鼠的几率要比放走无社交机器鼠的几率高52%。

vt. 创立 (2016年阅读)

In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement. 在丹麦、美国和其他几个国家,它(指时尚行业)正在尝试为模特和时尚人士设定自愿性质的标准,这种标准更多地依赖同行间的压力来施行。

n. 一组

another set of participants 另一组参与者

adj. 套(餐)

treat yourself to a set lunch 款待自己一份午餐套餐。

真题词组小记

set sb./sth. apart 使与众不同,使突出

set sth. aside 把…放到一旁;留出(钱或时间);暂时不考虑…

set sth./sb. back 使推迟,使延误

set in 到来,开始

set off 出发,起程

set out 出发,动身

set sth. out 安排;摆放;(有条理地)陈述

set up 设立;安排;创建

a set of 一组,一套,一副

setback [ˈsetbæk]

n. 挫折

拓展记忆:和词组set back(延误)一起记

n. 挫折 (2007年新题型)

deal with setbacks 处理挫折 // in times of financial setback 在经济受挫的时候

setter [ˈsetə(r)]

n. 制订者

accounting standard-setters 会计准则的制订者

settle [ˈsetl]

v. 结束(争论、争端等);定居;(最终)决定 ;使处于舒适的位置;(使)平静下来

v. 结束(争论、争端等) (2017年阅读

While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that public debates have not settled yet. 莫里茨虽然承认气候是一个关键因素,但他指出,公众的辩论还没有结束。

vt. 定居 (2019年阅读)

Today's farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. 现今的农场劳工,虽然大多数还是出生在墨西哥,但他们更有可能定居(在美国)而不是移民,更有可能结婚而不是单身。

vt. (最终)决定

settle his fate决定他的命运

settlement [ˈsetlmənt]

n. 定居地 ;解决;(解决纷争的)协议

n. 定居地 (2014年新题型)

At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. 在其鼎盛时期(公元600年左右),这座城市是世界上规模最大的人类定居地之一。

unsettle [ˌʌnˈsetl]

vt. 使心神不宁

043

service [ˈsɜːvɪs]

n. 服务;国家政府部门 vt. 检修(车辆、机器);为…提供服务

n. 服务 (2011年完形)

Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to log in just once but use many different services . 许多公司都有“单次登录”系统,可使用户仅登录一次便可以享受多项不同服务,谷歌和微软正位列其中。

词根serv:to serve服务, to keep 保持

serve [sɜːv]

v. 为(人、机构)服务;上(食物、饮料);对…有用;履行义务;可用作

词根记忆:serv(serve, 服务)+e→为(人、机构)服务

v. 为(人、机构)服务

serve clients 服务客户

v. 上(食物、饮料)

serve up 上菜

v. 对…有用 (2019年阅读)

The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement, “Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.” 小企业和企业家协会倡导组织在一份声明中表示:“这项裁决对小企业和互联网企业家们完全没有帮助。”

v. 可用作 (2019年阅读)

California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model. 加利福尼亚州的计划有望在明年由州长最终敲定,它应该成为一个典范。

deserve [dɪˈzɜːv]

v. 值得

词根记忆:de(down, 向下)+serv(serve, 服务) +e→值得从上到下的服务→值得

v. 值得 (2010年阅读)

The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists. 道德沦丧值得社会学家进行更多的研究。

observe [əbˈzɜːv]

vt. 观察;注意到;评述 ;遵守(规则、法律等)

词根记忆:ob(表加强)+serv(serve, 服务)+ e→观察到有人一直提供服务→观察

vt. 注意到 (2019年完形)

Weighing every other week allows me to observe and account for any significant weight changes. 每隔一周称重一次,让我能够注意到体重的任何明显变化,并找到其原因。

vt. 评述 (2008年阅读)

“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's,” she observes , “it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.” 她(指耶胡达医生)还说:“她们(指女性)忍受压力的能力甚至可能比男性更强,只是她们需要应对的事情更多,所以她们的疲劳表现得更明显、更早。”

observation [ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn]

n. 观察 ;评论

n. 观察 (2017年阅读)

During a separate observation , she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. 在另一项观察中,她发现手机已经成为导致家庭关系紧张的一个诱因。

observer [əbˈzɜːvə(r)]

n. 观察者

preserve [prɪˈzɜːv]

vt. 维护;保存 ;贮存 n. 专门领域

词根记忆:pre(before, 先前)+serv(keep, 保持)+e→保持以前的状态→维护

vt. 维护 (2010年翻译)

Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species. 有证据表明:这些生物为了维护猎物种群的健康而杀死其中的体弱者,或者仅捕食那些“没有价值的”物种。曾经有段时间,生物学家们多少有些滥用了这条证据。

vt. 保存 (2009年新题型)

They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people's social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children's entrance into adulthood. 他们还关注那些似乎能保存一个民族社会结构的重要仪式,比如标志着儿童正式进入成年的成人礼。

n. 专门领域 (2021年阅读)

A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular “pearly whites” was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed). 在维多利亚时代的社会中,一口有光泽的健康、干净、整齐、“珍珠般洁白”的牙齿是极为罕见的,那是大富豪的专利(并且即便如此,他们也很难保证口腔卫生)。

reserve [rɪˈzɜːv]

vt. 保留 ;预订(座位、房间等);拥有 n. 储备(量);(动植物)保护区

词根记忆:re(back, 向后)+serv(keep, 保持)+ e→保持住,留给后面的人用→保留

vt. 保留 (2017年完形)

“In a world in which I don't have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself into a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for professional matters. “身处于一个我不必工作的世界时,我可能会感觉很不一样”——或许会足以令其完全投入于一种爱好或者一个激情四溢的活动,而这种投入程度通常是从事职业活动时才会有的。

n. 储备(量)

massive financial reserves 庞大的财务储备

n. (动植物)保护区

nature reserves自然保护区

conservation [ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn]

n. 保护 ;节约

n. 保护 (2017年阅读)

In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work—such as forest conservation , watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans. 实际上,如今用于这个机构(林务局)其他方面工作的联邦资金越来越少——比如说森林保护、集水区、文化资源管理和基础设施维护——而这些工作对所有美国人的生活都会产生影响。

易混词辨析

● conservation:由动词conserve派生而来,指保护或节约;

● conversation:由动词converse派生而来,指谈话、交谈。

044

view [vjuː]

vt. 以…看待 ;观看 n. (个人的)看法;(理解或思维的)方法 ;视野;风景

vt. 以…看待 (2016年翻译)

Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. 精神健康使我们在他人身处困境时充满同情,在他人痛苦不堪时心怀善意,而且无论对谁,都能献出无条件的爱。

n. (理解或思维的)方法 (2020年翻译

Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geo-centric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. 在他们将科学真相公之于众之前,当时的很多思想家都固守着旧有的思维方式,其中包括地心说的观点,即地球为宇宙的中心。

真题词组小记

in one's view 依某人的观点

point of view 观点

take a longer view 从更长远的角度来看

viewpoint [ˈvjuːpɔɪnt]

n. 观点 ;角度

seek out opposing viewpoints 寻求反面观点

interview [ˈɪntəvjuː]

n. 面试 ;采访 vt. 采访;对(某人)进行面试

n. 面试 (2013年完形)

He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews conducted by 31 admissions officers. 他研究了31位招生负责人进行的9323次MBA面试的结果。

interviewer [ˈɪntəvjuːə(r)]

n. 采访者;主持面试者

review [rɪˈvjuː]

n. 评审;评论 ;回顾 vt. 审查 ;写(关于书籍、戏剧、电影等的)评论;(尤指为准备考试而)温习

n. 评论 (2010年阅读)

Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews . 然而,在20世纪出版的相当数量最有影响的评论文集中,报刊上的评论占了很大一部分。

vt. 审查

review contracts审查合同

reviewer [rɪˈvjuːə(r)]

n. 评论家;审查者

outside peer reviewers 外部的同行评审专家

perspective [pəˈspektɪv]

n. 观点;客观判断力 ;远景

串词记忆:思维敏捷的(perceptive)人一般都有独特的观点(perspective)

n. 观点 (2013年阅读)

This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. 这种长远的视角使我们对未来的悲观看法看上去更像是一时的流行。

n. 客观判断力 (2019年阅读)

None of this is about writing off the individual. It's just about putting things into perspective . 所有这些都不是要抹杀个人的作用,不过是从客观的角度看待事情罢了。

landscape [ˈlændskeɪp]

n. (陆上,尤指乡村的)风景 ;乡村风景画

联想记忆:land(陆地)+(e)scape(逃跑)→逃到陆地上看风景→风景

prospect [ˈprɒspekt] / [prəˈspekt]

n. 可能性;前途 ;前景;(竞赛中的)有望获胜者 vi. 勘探

词根记忆:pro(forth, 向前)+spect(look, 看) →向前看→前景

n. 可能性 (2021年阅读)

Although only a research project at this stage, the request has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyond their reach. 尽管该要求在此阶段仅是一个研究项目,但它提高了监管机构涉足早期技术市场的可能性,而初期科技市场是监管机构至今无法触及的领域。

n. 前途 (2011年翻译)

If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. 如果环境总是决定人们的生活和前途,那么人类就永远不会进步。

045

keep [kiːp]

v. (使)保持;继续;抑制 ;保留;遵守

v. (使)保持 (2018年阅读)

If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate—where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. 此举措如果在众议院得以通过,也仍需获得参议院的批准——而参议院一定会有人指出这充其量也就是保持邮政业务运转的基本条件,而不是全面改革。

v. 继续 (2007年新题型)

Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best. 此外,要发现孩子长期坚持的兴趣,因为这些兴趣可以为孩子将来最适合什么职业提供线索。

真题词组小记

keep an eye on / keep an eye out for 留意,密切关注

keep away (from) 远离;不让接近

keep from sth. 忍住(或克制自己)不做某事

keep in mind (that) 记住

keep sb. in 使某人留在室内(或某地);使不外出

keep sb. from (doing) sth. 阻止某人做某事

keep sb./sth. out (of sth.) 使不进入;防止进入;把…关在外面

keep track of 跟踪;记录

keep up with / keep pace with 跟上;与…齐步前进

upkeep [ˈʌpkiːp]

n. 保养(费),维修(费)

infrastructure upkeep 基础设施维护

stay [steɪ]

vt. 保持 vi. 停留 n. 停留 ,逗留

vi. 停留

stay longer in the information technology industry 在信息技术行业待久一点

n. 停留

duration of stay 停留的时间

真题词组小记

stay away from 离开,不接近

stay off 远离;关闭

stay on 留下来继续(学习、工作等)

stay out of the way 置身事外

stay put 留在原地

stay up 熬夜

remain [rɪˈmeɪn]

vt. 仍然是,保持;仍需去做 vi. 停留;继续存在 n. [-s]遗迹 ;残骸;残余物

vt. 仍然是,保持 (2021年新题型)

You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. 你可能会感到心跳加速或脸变红了,但无论你说什么或做什么,都要尽量保持中立。

vt. 仍需去做 (2010年新题型)

It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. 天气情况如何影响让编队飞行更高效的气流仍有待观察。

n. [-s] 遗迹 (2014年新题型)

Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. 考古学家还可能运用诸如地面雷达、磁场记录、金属探测器这样的技术来确定遗迹埋藏的位置。

abide [əˈbaɪd]

vt. (can't/couldn't ~)无法容忍 vi. 逗留;(~ by) 遵守

联想记忆:把abcde的c改成i,abcde忍受(abide)不了

vi. 遵守 (2012年阅读)

The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the state's strict nuclear regulations. 该公司是新英格兰地区主要的能源供应商,当它上周宣布不再履行其长期信守的该州严格的核能法规的承诺时,它在佛蒙特州引起了众怒。

046

leave [liːv]

v. 离开;留下;造成;让…处于(某种状态等);把…留交 n. 休假

v. 留下 (2019年完形)

Finally, assuming you're lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the marks we leave on the landscape. 最后,假设你在人类可能经常出现的区域迷路了,寻找那些人们留在地上的痕迹。

v. 让…处于(某种状态等) (2017年阅读)

This isn't surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. 鉴于基础的高中必修课程并不能让学生对大学里静候他们的广泛的学术可能性有足够的了解,这不足为奇。

depart [dɪˈpɑːt]

v. 离开;离职

串词记忆:那对情侣离职(depart)后也分手(part)了

v. 离开 (2013年阅读)

Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed . 1908年到1915年间,约有700万人来(美国),与此同时约有200万人离开。

departure [dɪˈpɑːtʃə(r)]

n. 离开;出发;背离

词根记忆:de(away, 分开)+part(部分)+ure (名词后缀)→离开

n. 背离 (2020年翻译)

Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. 14世纪时,佛罗伦萨创造力迸发,人们将这个阶段称为文艺复兴时期,现代世界随之告别了其过去所知的一切。

aside [əˈsaɪd]

adv. 到旁边;除…之外

联想记忆:a+side(一边)→到旁边

真题词组小记

set aside 留,存;抽出

put aside 把…暂放一边;把…留作后用

aside from 除…之外

detach [dɪˈtætʃ]

vi. 摆脱 ;拆卸

词根记忆:de(down, 向下)+tach(nail, 钉子)→拆下钉子→拆卸

vi. 摆脱 (2011年新题型)

Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticise. 否则,大学教师会一直怀有这样危险的想法,愈加脱离他们所研究、调查和批判的社会。

047

federal [ˈfedərəl]

adj. 联邦(政府)的

联想记忆:fed(看成friend, 朋友)+eral(看成ral, 形容词后缀,…的)→国家结成朋友般牢固关系的→联邦的

federal appeals court 联邦上诉法院 //federal government 联邦政府 // federal immigration law 联邦移民法 // federal statute 联邦法规 // Federal Trade Commission 联邦贸易委员会

democratic [ˌdeməˈkrætɪk]

adj. 民主的;有民主精神的;[D-](美国)民主党的

词根记忆:demo(people, 人民)+crat(rule, 统治)+ic(…的)→由人民统治的→民主的

adj. 民主的 (2018年阅读)

It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit. 这给人的感觉不像是一种人际关系或民主关系,即便双方都获益。

adj. [D-] (美国)民主党的

Democratic Senator (美国)民主党参议员

democracy [dɪˈmɒkrəsi]

n. 民主制度;民主权利 ;民主国家

direct democracy 直接民主 // representative democracy 代议制民主

democratise/-ize [dɪˈmɒkrətaɪz]

vt. 使民主化

vt. 使民主化 (2006年阅读)

There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. 在这里,大众文化有“在服饰和谈吐方面有着民主化的一致性,漫不经心且不拘礼节”的特点。

democrat [ˈdeməkræt]

n. [D-] (美国)民主党党员 ;民主主义者

conservative [kənˈsɜːvətɪv]

adj. 保守的;[C-](英国)保守党的;低于实际数量的 n. [C-](英国)保守党

词根记忆:con(together, 一起)+serv(keep, 保持)+ative(形容词后缀)→一起保持旧观念的→保守的

adj. 保守的

conservative business strategies 保守的商业策略 // a conservative view 保守的观点

adj. [C-](英国)保守党的 (2016年阅读

Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties. 它(指独立党)的“保护田园英国运动”让很多当地的保守党人感到畏惧。

republic [rɪˈpʌblɪk]

n. 共和国

republican [rɪˈpʌblɪkən]

adj. [R-](美国)共和党的 ;共和国的 n. 共和党党员 ;共和主义者

n. 共和党党员 (2015年阅读)

Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans , who are the monarchy's worst enemies. 查尔斯应当知道,如同英国历史所表明的那样,君主制最大的敌人是国王,而不是共和党人。

文化休息站

美国两个主要政党是民主党(Democratic Party)和共和党 (Republican Party) ;英国两个主要政党是保守党(Conservative Party)和工党(Labour Party)。

chancellor [ˈtʃɑːnsələ(r)]

n. (英国)财政大臣 ;(德国或奥地利的)总理;(美国)大学校长

premier [ˈpremiə(r)]

n. (加拿大的)省长 ;首相,总理 adj. 首要的

048

believe [bɪˈliːv]

vt. 相信;认为

belief [bɪˈliːf]

n. 信念;信仰 ;信心

n. 信念 (2013年阅读)

I don't like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable. 我也不喜欢定额;这种做法和我对任人唯贤的精英管理的信念相悖。

faith [feɪθ]

n. 信心,信任 ;宗教信仰

串词记忆:考试不及格(fail),信心(faith)大减

n. 信心,信任 (2018年完形)

On the other hand, putting your faith in the wrong place often carries a high price. 另一方面,在错误的地方施以信任往往会付出高昂的代价。

faithfulness [ˈfeɪθflnəs]

n. 忠诚

联想记忆:faith(信任)+ful(形容词后缀)+ness (名词后缀)→让人可以信任的东西,当然是忠诚→忠诚

credit [ˈkredɪt]

n. 认可;学分;补助;信用

credible [ˈkredəbl]

adj. 可信任的

credibility [ˌkredəˈbɪləti]

n. 可信性

词根记忆:cred(trust, 信任)+ibil( …的)+ity (名词后缀)→可让人信任的东西→可信性

n. 可信性 (2021年新题型)

Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about—it may be the credibility of their team or getting a project done on time. 在你分享你的想法之前,想想那个掌握权力的人关心的是什么——可能是团队的可信性或者是按时完成一个项目。

incredible [ɪnˈkredəbl]

adj. 极好的 ;难以置信的

adj. 极好的 (2020年翻译)

Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. 或者,我们可以把失败看作是一次极好的学习经历,失败通常也确实如此。

049

data [ˈdeɪtə]

n. 数据

n. 数据 (2021年完形)

The researchers looked at data that included measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men. 研究人员查看了包括4000多名中老年男性的肌肉和腹部脂肪的测量数据。

database [ˈdeɪtəbeɪs]

n. 数据库

组合词:data(数据)+base(大本营)→数据大本营→数据库

overlapping database building 重复的数据库建设 // a DNA database 一个DNA数据库

analyse/-yze [ˈænəlaɪz]

vt. 分析

vt. 分析 (2021年阅读)

College students’ ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts’ opinions when the students weren't asked to analyze their rationale. 当大学生们没有被要求分析他们的理由时,他们对草莓果酱和大学课程的评价与专家的看法更为一致。

analysis [əˈnæləsɪs]

n. 分析

analyst [ˈænəlɪst]

n. 分析者

analytic(al) [ˌænəˈlɪtɪk(l)]

adj. 分析的

analytical skills 分析能力

statistical [stəˈtɪstɪkl]

adj. 统计 (上)的;统计学的

adj. 统计(上)的

statistical check 统计上的检查 // statistical review 统计审查 // statistical errors 统计错误

adj. 统计学的

a statistical population distribution 统计学上的人口分布

statistically [stəˈtɪstɪkli]

adv. 统计学上

statistician [ˌstætɪˈstɪʃn]

n. 统计学家

external statisticians 外部统计学家

statistics [stəˈtɪstɪks]

n. 统计学;统计数据

n. 统计学

a more reliable form of statistics 一个更加可靠的统计形式 // a statistics board of reviewing editors 一个由审稿编辑组成的统计委员会

n. 统计数据

performance statistics 表现统计数据 YWHZywKsKJjkI46NS4Z0bWxpRKEnwWXjwQl0Ee9LMWehGm0JjTJFW2+55cyn9UHb

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