参考文献

［1］Zhang M K，Yao S Y，Rao W，et al. Transformable soft liquid metal micro/nanomaterials. Materials Science＆Engineering R-Reports，2019，138：1-35.

［2］Mohammed M G，Xenakis A，Dickey M D. Production of liquid metal spheres by molding. Metals，2014，4（4）：465-476.

［3］Wang D L，Gao C，Wang W，et al. Shape-transformable，fusible rodlike swimming liquid metal nanomachine. ACS Nano，2018，12（10）：10212-10220.

［4］Wang D，Gao C，Zhou C，et al. Leukocyte membrane-coated liquid metal nanoswimmers for actively targeted delivery and synergistic chemophotothermal therapy. Research（Wash D C），2020：3676954.

［5］Yu Y，Wang Q，Yi L，et al. Channelless fabrication for large-scale preparation of room temperature liquid metal droplets. Advanced Engineering Materials，2013，16（2）：255-262.

［6］Yuan B，Tan S，Zhou Y，et al. Self-powered macroscopic brownian motion of spontaneously running liquid metal motors. Science Bulletin，2015，60（13）：1203.

［7］Sheng L，He Z，Yao Y，et al. Transient state machine enabled from the colliding and coalescence of a swarm of autonomously running liquid metal motors. Small，2015，11（39）：5253-5261.

［8］Fang W Q，He Z Z，Liu J. Electro-hydrodynamic shooting phenomenon of liquid metal stream. Applied Physics Letters，2014，105（13）：134104.

［9］Yu Y，Wang Q，Wang X L，et al. Liquid metal soft electrode triggered discharge plasma in aqueous solution. Rsc Advances，2016，6（115）：114773-114778.

［10］Thelen J，Dickey M D，Ward T. A study of the production and reversible stability of EGaIn liquid metal microspheres using flow focusing. Lab on A Chip，2012，12（20）：3961-3967.

［11］Hutter T，Bauer W A C，Elliott S R，et al. Formation of spherical and non-spherical eutectic gallium-indium liquid-metal microdroplets in microfluidic channels at room temperature. Advanced Functional Materials，2012，22（12）：2624-2631.

［12］Gol B，Tovar-Lopez F J，Kurdzinski M E，et al. Continuous transfer of liquid metal droplets across a fluid-fluid interface within an integrated microfluidic chip. Lab on A Chip，2015，15（11）：2476-2485.

［13］Tang S Y，Joshipura I D，Lin Y，et al. Liquid-metal microdroplets formed dynamically with electrical control of size and rate. Advanced Materials，2016，28（4）：604.

［14］Tang S Y，Qiao R R，Sheng Y，et al. Microfluidic mass production of stabilized and stealthy liquid metal nanoparticles. Small，2018，14：1800118.

［15］Tang S Y，Qiao R，Yan S，et al. Microfluidic mass production of stabilized and stealthy liquid metal nanoparticles. Small，2018，14：1800118.

［16］Tevis I D，Newcomb L B，Thuo M. Synthesis of liquid core-shell particles and solid patchy multicomponent particles by shearing liquids into complex particles（slice）. Langmuir the Acs Journal of Surfaces＆Colloids，2014，30（47）：14308-14313.

［17］Friedman H，Porat Z E，Halevy I，et al. Formation of metal microspheres by ultrasonic cavitation. Journal of Materials Research，2011，25（4）：633-636.

［18］Kumar V B，Koltypin Y，Gedanken A，et al. Ultrasonic cavitation of molten gallium in water：entrapment of organic molecules in gallium microspheres. Journal of Materials Chemistry A，2013，2（5）：1309-1317.

［19］Friedman H，Reich S，Popovitz-Biro R，et al. Micro-and nano-spheres of low melting point metals and alloys，formed by ultrasonic cavitation. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry，2013，20（1）：432-444.

［20］Kumar V B，Gedanken A，Porat Z. Facile synthesis of gallium oxide hydroxide by ultrasonic irradiation of molten gallium in water. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry，2015，26：340-344.

［21］Kumar V B，Gedanken A，Kimmel G，et al. Ultrasonic cavitation of molten gallium：formation of micro-and nano-spheres. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry，2014，21（3）：1166-1173.

［22］Ren L，Zhuang J，Casillas G，et al. Nanodroplets for stretchable superconducting circuits. Advanced Functional Materials，2016，26（44）：8111-8118.

［23］Akihisa Y，Yu M，Tomokazu I. Reversible size control of liquid-metal nanoparticles under ultrasonication. Angewandte Chemie，2015，54（43）：12809-12813.

［24］Syed N，Zavabeti A，Mohiuddin M，et al. Sonication-assisted synthesis of gallium oxide suspensions featuring trap state absorption：test of photochemistry. Advanced Functional Materials，2017，27（43）：1702295.

［25］Wang Q，Yu Y，Liu J. Preparations，characteristics and applications of the functional liquid metal materials. Advanced Engineering Materials，2018，20（5）：1700781.

［26］Syed N，Zavabeti A，Mohiuddin M，et al. Sonication-assisted synthesis of gallium oxide suspensions featuring trap state absorption：Test of photochemistry. Advanced Functional Materials，2017，27（43）：1702295.

［27］Lu Y，Lin Y，Chen Z，et al. Enhanced endosomal escape by light-fueled liquid-metal transformer. Nano Letters，2017，17（4）：2138.

［28］Yan J，Zhang X，Liu Y，et al. Shape-controlled synthesis of liquid metal nanodroplets for photothermal therapy. Nano Research，2019，12（6）：1313-1320.

［29］Finkenauer L R，Lu Q，Hakem I F，et al. Analysis of the efficiency of surfactantmediated stabilization reactions of EGaIn nanodroplets. Langmuir，2017，33（38）：9703-9710.

［30］Kurtjak M，Vukomanovic M，Kramer L，et al. Biocompatible nano-gallium/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite with antimicrobial activity. Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine，2016，27（11）：170.

［31］Hohman J N，Kim M，Wadsworth G A，et al. Directing substrate morphology via self-assembly：ligand-mediated scission of gallium-indium microspheres to the nanoscale. Nano Lett，2011，11（12）：5104-5110.

［32］Varghese K，Adhyapak S. Materials used for vascular embolization. Springer International Publishing，2017.

［33］nar S，Tevis I D，Chen J，et al. Mechanical fracturing of core-shell undercooled metal particles for heat-free soldering. Scientific Reports，2016，6：21864.

［34］Castilla-Amoros L，Chien T C C，Pankhurst J R，et al. Modulating the reactivity of liquid ga nanoparticle inks by modifying their surface chemistry. Journal of the American Chemical Society，2022，144（4）：1993-2001.

［35］Bark H，Lee P S. Surface modification of liquid metal as an effective approach for deformable electronics and energy devices. Chem Sci，2021，12（8）：2760-2777.

［36］Farrell ZJ，Tabor C. Control of gallium oxide growth on liquid metal eutectic gallium/indium nanoparticles via thiolation. Langmuir，2018，34（1）：234-240.

［37］Liao M，Liao H，Ye J，et al. Polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized liquid metal hydrogel for wearable transient epidermal sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces，2019，11（50）：47358-47364.

［38］Li X，Li M，Zong L，et al. Liquid metal droplets wrapped with polysaccharide microgel as biocompatible aqueous ink for flexible conductive devices. Advanced Functional Materials，2018，28（39）：1804197.

［39］Lin Y，Liu Y，Genzer J，et al. Shape-transformable liquid metal nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Chemical Science，2017，8（5）：3832-3837.

［40］Centurion F，Saborio M G，Allioux F M，et al. Liquid metal dispersion by selfassembly of natural phenolics. Chem Commun（Camb），2019，55（75）：11291-11294.

［41］Gan T，Shang W，Handschuh-Wang S，et al. Light-induced shape morphing of liquid metal nanodroplets enabled by polydopamine coating. Small，2019，15（9）：e1804838.

［42］刘丽. 可变形液态金属超声诊疗一体化作用机理与应用研究（硕士学位论文）. 北京：中国科学院理化技术研究所，2022.

［43］Gao Y，Chen X，Zhang J，et al. Popping of graphite oxide：application in preparing metal nanoparticle catalysts. Advanced Materials，2015，27（32）：4688-4694.

［44］Becerril H A，Mao J，Liu Z，et al. Evaluation of solution-processed reduced graphene oxide films as transparent conductors. ACS Nano，2008，2（3）：463-470.

［45］Stankovich S，Dikin D A，Piner R D，et al. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon，2007，45（7）：1558-1565.

［46］Gao W，Alemany L B，Ci L，et al. New insights into the structure and reduction of graphite oxide. Nature Chemistry，2009，1（5）：403-408.

［47］Shin H J，Kim K K，Benayad A，et al. Efficient reduction of graphite oxide by sodium borohydride and its effect on electrical conductance. Advanced Functional Materials，2009，19（12）：1987-1992.

［48］Pei S，Zhao J，Du J，et al. Direct reduction of graphene oxide films into highly conductive and flexible graphene films by hydrohalic acids. Carbon，2010，48（15）：4466-4474.

［49］Fernndez-Merino M J，Guardia L，Paredes J I，et al. Vitamin C is an ideal substitute for hydrazine in the reduction of graphene oxide suspensions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C，2010，114（14）：6426-6432.

［50］Fan Z，Wang K，Wei T，et al. An environmentally friendly and efficient route for the reduction of graphene oxide by aluminum powder. Carbon，2010，48（5）：1686-1689.

［51］Liu P，Huang Y，Wang L. A facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide with Zn powder under acidic condition. Materials Letters，2013，91：125-128.

［52］Fan Z J，Kai W，Yan J，et al. Facile synthesis of graphene nanosheets via Fe reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. ACS Nano，2011，5（1）：191-198.

［53］Wang Y S，Wang S N，Chang H，et al. Galvanic replacement of liquid metal/reduced graphene oxide frameworks. Advanced Materials Interfaces，2020，7（19）：2000626.

［54］Pandey B，Cox C B，Thapa P S，et al. Potentiometric response characteristics of oxide-coated gallium electrodes in aqueous solutions. Electrochimica Acta，2014，142：378-385.

［55］Zhao X，Xu S，Liu J. Surface tension of liquid metal：role，mechanism and application. Frontiers in Energy，2017，11（4）：535-567.

［56］Yamaguchi A，Mashima Y，Iyoda T. Reversible size control of liquid-metal nanoparticles under ultrasonication. Angewandte Chemie International Edition，2015，54（43）：12809-12813.

［57］Guo Y，Wu B，Liu H，et al. Electrical assembly and reduction of graphene oxide in a single solution step for use in flexible sensors. Advanced Materials，2011，23（40）：4626-4630.

［58］Yao P，Chen P，Jiang L，et al. Electric current induced reduction of graphene oxide and its application as gap electrodes in organic photoswitching devices. Advanced Materials，2010，22（44）：5008-5012.

［59］Sun G，Zheng L，Zhan Z，et al. Actuation triggered exfoliation of graphene oxide at low temperature for electrochemical capacitor applications. Carbon，2014，68：748-754.

［60］Kim K K，Bae J J，Park H K，et al. Fermi level engineering of single-walled carbon nanotubes by aucl3 doping. Journal of the American Chemical Society，2008，130（38）：12757-12761.

［61］Jin M，Jeong H K，Kim T H，et al. Synthesis and systematic characterization of functionalized graphene sheets generated by thermal exfoliation at low temperature. Journal of Physics D：Applied Physics，2010，43（27）：275402.

［62］Mach J，Prochzka P，Bartoík M，et al. Electronic transport properties of graphene doped by gallium. Nanotechnology，2017，28（41）：415203.

［63］Vickerman J C，Gilmore I S. Surface analys-the principal techniques. United Kingdom：Wiley，2009.

［64］Regan M J，Tostmann H，Pershan P S，et al. X-ray study of the oxidation of liquidgallium surfaces. Physical Review B，1997，55（16）：10786-10790.

［65］Lertanantawong B，Lertsathitphong P，O'Mullane A P. Chemical reactivity of Gabased liquid metals with redox active species and its influence on electrochemical processes. Electrochemistry Communications，2018，93：15-19.

［66］Hu L，Wang L，Ding Y，et al. Manipulation of liquid metals on a graphite surface. Advanced Materials，2016，28（41）：9210-9217.

［67］Stevens B，Dessiatova E，Hagen D A，et al. Low-temperature thermal reduction of graphene oxide nanobrick walls：Unique combination of high gas barrier and low resistivity in fully organic polyelectrolyte multilayer thin films. ACS Applied Materials＆Interfaces，2014，6（13）：9942-9945.

［68］Zhang H，Ren S，Pu J，et al. Barrier mechanism of multilayers graphene coated copper against atomic oxygen irradiation. Applied Surface Science，2018，444：28-35.

［69］Wan J，Gu F，Bao W，et al. Sodium-ion intercalated transparent conductors with printed reduced graphene oxide networks. Nano Letters，2015，15（6）：3763-3769.

［70］Fan Y，Jiang W，Kawasaki A. Highly conductive few-layer graphene/Al ₂ O3 nanocomposites with tunable charge carrier type. Advanced Functional Materials，2012，22（18）：3882-3889.

［71］Hoshyargar F，Crawford J，O'Mullane A P. Galvanic replacement of the liquid metal galinstan. Journal of the American Chemical Society，2017，139（4）：1464-1471.

［72］Wu B，Xia N，Long D，et al. Dual-functional supernanoparticles with microwave dynamic therapy and microwave thermal therapy. Nano Letters，2019，19（8）：5277-5286.

［73］Xia N，Li N，Rao W，et al. Multifunctional and flexible ZrO ₂ -coated egain nanoparticles for photothermal therapy. Nanoscale，2019，11（21）：10183-10189.

［74］Hou Y，Lu C N，Dou M J，et al. Soft liquid metal nanoparticles achieve reduced crystal nucleation and ultrarapid rewarming for human bone marrow stromal cell and blood vessel cryopreservation. Acta Biomaterialia，2020，102：403-415. aqdTzShdpa/+l2H4c9/z3JL4voYVst7UjLmDWTq84H8gd1LfUuQRNH24wDDMALwq