Lesson 2

预 备测验

第 一部分

amaze [əˈmeɪz]

vt. 使吃惊，使惊叹 vi. 令人惊奇 〈 同 stun, astonish〉

例 Janet amazed everyone by passing her final examination. 珍妮特竟然通过了期末考试，这让所有人都非常吃惊。

联 amazement n. 惊愕，惊奇；amazing adj. 令人惊奇的

ambition [æmˈbɪʃn]

n. 雄心，抱负 〈 同 aspiration〉

例 It was Janet’s ambition to succeed in business. 珍妮特的抱负是要在商业上取得成功。

联 ambitious adj. 有雄心的，渴望成功的

ambulance [ˈæmbjələns]

n. 救护车

例 The hospital had five ambulances ready and they could arrive at any car accident in two minutes. 医院有五辆救护车随时待命，可以在两分钟内抵达任何车祸现场。

amount [əˈmaʊnt]

n. 数量；总数 〈 同 quantity, sum〉

例 What is the total amount for the dinner table with all its chairs? 餐桌和所有餐椅的总数是多少？

vi. 总计，等于；达到 (to) 〈 同 total; reach〉

例 The damage after the fire amounted to $50,000. 火灾造成的损失达五万美元。

amuse [əˈmjuːz]

vt. 使开心；逗笑

例 The new toys amused the children. 新玩具让孩子们很开心。

ancestor [ˈænsestə(r)]

n. 祖先，祖宗 〈 同 forefather〉

例 His ancestors came to America on a ship. 他的祖先乘船来到美国。

记 an (在前面) ＋cest (行走) ＋or→在前面走的人→祖先

联 ancestry n. 世系，血统；ancestral adj. 祖先的，祖传的

anchor [ˈæŋkə(r)]

n. 锚；精神支柱 〈 同 tie, support〉

例 The drunk pirates forgot to put the ship’s anchor in the water before landing and the ship drifted into the rocks. 喝醉的海盗们在靠岸之前忘记抛锚停泊，结果船撞上了礁石。

v. 抛锚；系牢，固定 〈 同 fix, fasten〉

例 Most plants depend upon their roots to anchor themselves in the soil and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. 大多数植物都是靠根部将自己固定在土壤中，吸收水分和无机物。

annoy [əˈnɔɪ]

vt. 使恼怒；打扰 〈 同 irritate〉

例 What annoys me is the fact that he won’t listen to other people’s suggestions. 令我烦恼的是，他竟然不听其他人的建议。

联 annoyance n. 烦恼；annoying adj. 恼人的

annual [ˈænjʊəl]

adj. 每年的 〈 同 yearly〉

例 Companies publish annual reports to inform the public about the previous year’s activities. 公司通过公布年报，将之前一年的经营活动告知公众。

联 annually adv. 一年一次地

anticipate [ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt]

vt. 预料，预期 〈 同 expect〉

例 Columbus’ discovery of America was probably anticipated by earlier explorers. 哥伦布发现美洲大陆，可能已经被之前的探险家们预见到了。

记 anti (前) ＋cip (落下) ＋ate→提前落下→预期

联 anticipation n. 期望，预料

第 二部分

antique [ænˈtiːk]

n. 古董 〈 同 relic〉

例 The clock in the room is an antique . 那个房间里的钟表是一件古董。

adj. 古时的 〈 同 old〉

例 Richard likes antique cars and always goes to auto shows on weekends. 理查德喜欢古董车，周末经常去参加车展。

记 anti (前) ＋que→以前就有的→古时的

联 antiquity n. 古迹，古物；古代，古老；antiquate v. 使变旧；废弃

anxious [ˈænkʃəs]

adj. ① 渴望的 〈 同 keen〉

例 Since it was Rob’s first date, he was more nervous than he was anxious . 这是罗布的第一次约会，因此他感到更多的是紧张而不是渴望。

② 担忧的 〈 同 worried〉

例 The drought has made farmers anxious about the harvest. 干旱让农民们担心庄稼的收成。

联 anxiety n. 忧虑，焦急；渴望，热望

anyhow [ˈenihaʊ]

adv. 无论如何 〈 同 in any case〉

例 Anyhow , let’s get back to the point. 无论如何，让我们言归正传。

appeal [əˈpiːl]

n. 吸引力 〈 同 attraction〉

例 The appeal of travelling to a sunny beach during the cold winter is very strong. 在寒冷的冬季，去阳光明媚的海滩度假非常具有吸引力。

vi. ① 有吸引力 〈 同 attract〉

例 The thought of going for a walk after dinner tonight appeals to me. 今天晚上饭后散步的想法引起了我的兴趣。

② 上诉，申诉 (to) 〈 同 challenge〉

例 Judgments made in a criminal case can usually be appealed to a higher court, which can either overturn or uphold a lower court ruling. 刑事案件的判决通常会被上诉至上级法院，上级法院可驳回或支持下级法院的判决。

记 ap＋peal (拉)→拉过去→有吸引力

联 appealing adj. 动人的，吸引人的

appetite [ˈæpɪtaɪt]

n. 胃口，食欲 〈 同 desire〉

例 Michael had no appetite , so they had to coax him to eat. 迈克尔没有食欲，所以他们不得不哄他吃饭。

applicant [ˈæplɪkənt]

n. 申请人 〈 同 candidate〉

例 The company was so popular that there were only two vacancies for one hundred applicants . 这家公司太受欢迎，只有两个职位空缺，却有一百名申请人。

联 application n. 申请；施用，运用；appliance n. 用具，器具；apply vt. 应用，适用； vi. 申请

appointment [əˈpɔɪntmənt]

n. ① 约会，约定

例 Dr. Smith will not be available for any of his appointments today since he is still out of town. 史密斯医生今天无法赴约，因为他现在还没回到城里。

② 任命

例 People are anxiously awaiting news on the President’s appointment of his cabinet members. 人们焦急地等待着总统任命内阁成员的消息。

联 appoint vt. 任命，委派

appreciate [əˈpriːʃieɪt]

vt. ① 赏识；欣赏 〈 同 admire〉

例 The teacher is very busy with his work, but he can still find time to appreciate traditional Chinese painting. 那位老师工作非常忙，但他仍能抽出时间欣赏中国传统国画。

② 感激 〈 同 be grateful for〉

例 I appreciate your advice on this important matter. 我非常感谢您为这件重要的事情所提出的建议。

联 appreciation n. 欣赏；appreciable adj. 明显的；可观的；appreciative adj. 感谢的；赞赏的

approach [əˈprəʊtʃ]

n. 方法 〈 同 method〉

例 I’ve just read an interesting book which has a new approach to studying Cao Xueqin. 我最近读了一本有趣的书，书中提出了一种研究曹雪芹的新方法。

v. 接近，靠近 〈 同 be close to, near〉

例 The time is approaching when Sharon will leave to study English in the United States. 莎伦去美国学英语的日子越来越近了。

联 approaching adj. 接近的，逼近的

appropriate [əˈprəʊpriət; əˈprəʊprieɪt]

adj. 适当的，恰当的 〈 同 proper〉

例 I’ve been invited to her wedding but I haven’t got anything appropriate to wear. 我受邀参加她的婚礼，但我还没有合适的衣服穿。

vt. 拨款 〈 同 allocate〉

例 The city government appropriated a large budget for the construction of a new science museum. 市政府拨出很大一部分预算，用于建设新科技博物馆。

记 ap＋propr (＝proper 正确) ＋iate→恰当的

联 appropriation n. 拨款；inappropriate adj. 不适当的，不相称的

第 三部分

approval [əˈpruːvl]

n. 赞成，正式批准 〈 同 sanction〉

例 We’ll buy the new computer system as soon as we have the approval of the directors. 只要获得董事们的批准，我们马上就购买新电脑系统。

联 disapproval n. 不赞成；approve v. 赞许，欣赏；批准，赞成

approximate [əˈprɒksɪmeɪt; əˈprɒksɪmət]

v. 接近，近似 〈 同 approach〉

例 Your latest design approximates much more closely what I understood the building would be like. 你最新的设计与我想象中这栋建筑的样子接近得多。

adj. 大约的，估计的 〈 同 estimated〉

例 The approximate time that the train will arrive at its destination is 8:00 a.m. tomorrow. 火车抵达目的地的大致时间是明天上午八点。

记 ap＋proxim (接近) ＋ate→接近，近似

联 approximately adv. 近似地；大约；approximation n. 近似值

arbitrary [ˈɑːbɪtrəri]

adj. 专横的，专制的；武断的 〈 同 dictatorial〉

例 The manager consistently rewarded his sales team in an arbitrary manner, causing offense to the top performers of other departments, who received no pay for extra work. 那位经理总是以随意的方式奖励销售团队，这引起了其他部门优秀员工的不满，因为他们的额外工作并没有得到回报。

记 来自arbit (判断，裁决) ＋rary→武断的

联 arbitrarily adv. 任意地；专横地；arbitrator n. 仲裁人；arbiter n. 权威人士；仲裁人；arbitrate v. 仲裁；公断

architect [ˈɑːkɪtekt]

n. 建筑师

例 The architect has won awards for his designs. 那位建筑师的设计荣获了奖项。

联 architecture n. 建筑；建筑学；architectural adj. 建筑上的；建筑学的

argue [ˈɑːɡjuː]

v. 争论；争辩

例 “Don’t argue with me!” Janet warned her boyfriend. “别跟我争吵！”珍妮特警告她的男朋友。

联 argument n. 论证；论据；争吵

arise [əˈraɪz]

vi. 出现，发生；由…引起 〈 同 happen〉

例 If something unexpected arises at the office, I will be home late. 如果公司有意外情况发生，我就得晚点回家。

arouse [əˈraʊz]

vt. 激起；唤醒 〈 同 stimulate; awake〉

例 His refusal to walk through the metal detector before boarding the plane aroused the guard’s suspicion. 他在登机之前拒绝从金属探测器走过去，这引起了安保人员的怀疑。

联 arousal n. 醒来；激起

artificial [ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl]

adj. 人造的，人工的 〈 同 synthetic〉

例 The soldier who lost a leg in a battle now has an artificial limb. 那位在战争中失去了一条腿的士兵，现在安上了假肢。

记 arti (技巧) ＋fic (做) ＋ial→(人)用技巧做的→人造的

联 artificially adv. 人工地；artisan n. 手工业工人，手艺人；artifact n. 工艺品；artifice n. 技巧；诡计

ashamed [əˈʃeɪmd]

adj. 惭愧的，羞耻的 〈 同 humiliated〉

例 Aren’t you ashamed to tell such big lies? 你撒了这么大的谎，难道就不感到羞愧吗？

记 a(sh) (在圣灰节，人们撒灰于头上以示忏悔)＋shame (惭愧，羞耻)＋d→惭愧的，羞耻的

联 shameless adj. 不知羞耻的

assemble [əˈsembl]

vt. 集合；装配 〈 同 put together〉

例 The children used the toy blocks to assemble a play castle. 孩子们用玩具积木搭建了一座玩具城堡。

vi. 聚集 〈 同 congregate〉

例 When the fire alarm rang, we assembled outside the emergency exit. 火警警报一响，我们就到紧急出口集合。

记 as (一再) ＋semble (相像)→相像的物体一再聚在一起→聚集

联 assembly n. 集会；装配，组装；assembly line 装配线，流水线；assemblage n. 集合，组合

第 四部分

assess [əˈses]

vt. 估价；评估 〈 同 estimate〉

例 It took a while to assess the damage from the tornado. 评估龙卷风造成的损失花费了好一段时间。

联 assessment n. 估价；评估

asset [ˈæset]

n. ① [ pl. ] 财产，资产 〈 同 property〉

例 Among this celebrity’s assets were two ski resorts, a Las Vegas hotel, and an 18-hole golf course. 两个滑雪度假村、在拉斯维加斯的一家酒店和一个18洞高尔夫球场仅是这位名人资产中的一部分。

② 有利条件；长处 〈 同 advantage〉

例 His eyes are his best asset . 他的双眼便是他最大的资本。

记 分割记忆：as＋set

associate [əˈsəʊʃieɪt; əˈsəʊʃiət]

v. 联系；联合 〈 同 pertain to〉

例 Accountants record all information associated with the economic aspects of an organisation’s activities. 会计记录一家机构活动的经济方面的所有信息。

n. 同事；（生意）伙伴 〈 同 colleague〉

例 He is one of my business associates . 他是我的一位生意伙伴。

联 association n. 关联，联合；协会

assume [əˈsjuːm]

vt. ① 假定，设想 〈 同 suppose〉

例 I assume that his suggestion is reasonable. 我假设他的建议是合理的。

② 承担 (责任)

例 The new President assumes office at midnight tonight. 新任总统在今天午夜就任。

联 assumption n. 假设；担任

assure [əˈʃʊə(r)]

vt. 确保；向…保证，使确信 〈 同 solidify; guarantee〉

例 The doctor assured the patient that everything would be all right. 医生向患者保证，一切都会好起来的。

联 assuredly adv. 确实地，确信地；reassure vt. 使…安心，打消…的疑虑；assurance n. 确信，保证

athlete [ˈæθliːt]

n. 运动员 〈 同 sportsman〉

例 He became a professional athlete at the age of 16. 他在16岁时成了一名职业运动员。

attack [əˈtæk]

n./vt. 攻击，抨击；着手处理 (某事) 〈 同 assault; work on〉

例 Steps are being taken by the government to attack unemployment and poverty. 政府正在采取措施应对失业与贫困。

attain [əˈteɪn]

v. 达到；获得 〈 同 accomplish〉

例 The nineteenth century saw women novelists attain the same prestige as men. 19世纪，女性小说家获得了与男性一样高的声望。

联 attainment n. 成就

attempt [əˈtempt]

n./vt. 尝试；试图 〈 同 try, endeavor〉

例 My attempt to bake a cake failed miserably. 我尝试烤蛋糕，不幸失败。

例 The prisoners attempted to escape but failed. 囚犯们试图越狱，但失败了。

attend [əˈtend]

vt. ① 参加；入学 〈 同 be present at〉

例 I attend school daily. 我每天都去上学。

② 照顾 〈 同 take care of〉

例 The doctors try to attend the worst injured soldiers first. 医生尽量先给受伤最严重的士兵治疗。

联 attendance n. 出席

综 合复习