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预 备测验
找出与句子中画线单词意义最相近的词。
1. I don’t believe that he is a criminal .
(A) gangster (B) trapper (C) warden
2. Writing is a skill that requires consistent practice.
(A) invariable (B) orderly (C) regular
3. The function of ears in hearing is to convert the sound waves to nerve impulses.
(A) represent (B) change (C) prove
4. This legislation is critical to sustaining the business upturn.
(A) crucial for (B) contrary to (C) objectionable for
5. I think that Bob is the most considerate person I have ever met.
(A) bleak (B) tolerant (C) thoughtful
第 一部分
considerable
adj. 相当大 (或多) 的;相当重要的 〈 同 great, significant 〉
例 The car accident left the driver in a considerable amount of pain. 车祸给司机带来了相当大的痛苦。
联 considerably adv. 相当多地;非常
considerate
adj. 考虑周到的;体贴的 〈 同 thoughtful〉
例 Penny is considerate . She’s always doing favours for people. 彭妮非常体贴。她总是在帮助别人。
记 来自consider (考虑)
联 consideration n. 体谅;考虑
consist
vi. 由…组成 (of) 〈 同 be made up of〉
例 My dinner consists of roast beef, potatoes, and broccoli. 我的晚餐包括烤牛肉、土豆和西兰花。
consistent
adj. 一致的;持续的;始终如一的 〈 同 uniform〉
例 The witness’s description of the accident is consistent with what the police guess. 目击者对事故的描述与警方的猜测完全一致。
联 consistency n. 一致性;连贯性;consistently adv. 一贯地
constant
adj. (恒久) 不变的;持续的;一再重复的 〈 同 invariable〉
例 I can’t sleep because of the constant noise of the cars and trucks in the street. 我睡不着,因为大街上不断传来汽车和卡车的噪声。
记 con (始终) +stant (站,立)→始终站着的→(恒久)不变的
联 inconstant adj. 不专一的,不忠的;constancy n. 持久不变;忠实
constitution
n. 组成;宪法;章程
例 The assembly was mandated to draft a constitution . 大会被授权起草一份章程。
派 constitutional adj. 宪法的;章程的
consult
vt. 咨询;请教;查询 〈 同 confer〉
例 I consulted the weather report before planning the picnic. 在制订野餐计划之前,我先查询了天气预报。
联 consultant n. 顾问;consultation n. 请教,咨询
contact
vt. 使接触;与…联系 〈 同 get in touch with〉
例 I contacted Bill to see how he was doing. 我联系了比尔,看看他过得怎么样。
contemporary
adj. 当代的;现代的 〈 同 modern〉
例 She was able to interpret centuries-old texts through a contemporary context. 她能够通过当代语境解释几个世纪之前的文字。
n. 同代人;同龄人
例 Two people I admire greatly—Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy—were contemporaries born within a few years of each other. 我非常敬佩的两个人——马丁·路德·金与罗伯特·F.肯尼迪——是同一时代的人,两人只相差几岁。
记 con (共同)+tempor (时间) +ary→时间相同→同代人
content
n. 内容;容量 〈 同 volume〉
例 Many processed foods have a high sugar content . 许多加工食品的含糖量过高。
adj. 满足的 〈 同 satisfied〉
例 After a good meal and good conversation, we were all content . 我们美美地吃了一顿,聊得也很开心,全都心满意足。
联 contented adj. 满足的,满意的
自我检测 从第一部分中选出最恰当的词填入空格内。
6. It was very ______ of you to send me a birthday card.
7. This dessert has a high fat ______.
8. Please stop tormenting me with your ______ questions.
9. The fire caused ______ damage to the church.
10. Is there a phone number where I can ______ you?
11. I liked the ______ paintings but the classical art display bored me.
第 二部分
contest
n. 竞争;竞赛 〈 同 competition〉
例 Christine’s class entered a math contest with Mary’s class. 克里斯蒂娜的班级与玛丽的班级进行了一次数学竞赛。
联 contestant n. 参赛者
context
n. 上下文;语境 〈 同 circumstance〉
例 It is easier to tell the meaning of a word from its context than to do this just from a word list. 从语境中判断一个单词的意思比在单词表中容易。
记 con (共同)+text (文字)→接在一起的文字→上下文;语境
contract
v. ① 收缩 〈 同 shrink〉
例 Metal contracts as it cools. 金属冷却时体积会缩小。
② 订契约;签合同 〈 同 undertake〉
例 His firm has contracted to supply all the furniture for the new building. 他的公司承包了为新大楼提供所有家具的业务。
n. 契约;合同 〈 同 compact〉
例 I signed a contract for the purchase of a new car. 我签署了一份购买新车的合同。
记 con (共同)+tract (拉)→拉到一起→收缩;签合同
联 contraction n. 缩短;收缩
contrast
n. 悬殊;差别;对比 〈 同 variance〉
例 Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine. 今天的降雨与昨天的阳光明媚形成了鲜明对比。
vt. 对比;对照 〈 同 compare〉
例 The mansion contrasted with the small houses that surrounded it. 这栋大厦与周围的小房子形成鲜明对比。
controversy
n. 争议;争论,辩论 〈 同 contention〉
例 There was a big controversy over the use of drugs in athletics. 对于竞技体育中的药物使用还存在巨大的争议。
联 controversial adj. 争论的;争议的
convenient
adj. 便利的;方便的 〈 同 suitable〉
例 Tom picked a convenient time to come for a visit. 汤姆选择了一个方便的时间过来参观。
联 convenience n. 便利;方便
convention
n. 会议;传统风格 〈 同 conference; tradition〉
例 The convention was held to discuss new things in medicine. 会议的目的是讨论医学中的新进展。
联 conventional adj. 传统的;符合习俗的;unconventional adj. 非传统的
convert
vt. 可变换成;转换;改变信仰 〈 同 change〉
例 I converted the spare bedroom into a study. 我将空着的卧室改成了书房。
convict
vt. 证明…有罪;宣判…有罪
例 The attorney declined the client because he believed that the client would be convicted of the crime he was charged with. 律师拒绝了那位客户,因为他认为那位客户被指控的罪名可能成立。
联 conviction n. 判罪;说服
convince
vt. 使确信,使信服 〈 同 persuade〉
例 He managed to convince the jury of his innocence. 他设法让陪审团相信自己是无辜的。
联 convincing adj. 令人信服的;unconvincing adj. 不足以令人相信的
自我检测 从第二部分中选出最恰当的词填入空格内。
12. The extra bedroom was ______ for guests staying overnight.
13. Mary’s modern apartment is a real ______ to her old one.
14. I guessed the meaning of the word from its ______ in the paragraph.
15. A jury has the power to ______ or acquit.
16. She’s won a lot of beauty ______.
17. When boiled, liquids ______ to gases.
第 三部分
cooperate
vi. 合作 〈 同 collaborate〉
例 Everyone in the class cooperated to do the science experiment. 班里所有人合作来进行科学实验。
联 cooperation n. 合作;协作;cooperative adj. 合作的;同心协力的
coordinate
vt. 使…协调;使相配合;搭配 〈 同 integrate〉
例 This shade coordinates with a wide range of other colours. 这种深浅的颜色可与很多颜色搭配。
联 coordination n. 协调;配合
correspond
vi. 符合;相当;通信 〈 同 match; communicate by letters〉
例 The peak on this graph corresponds to an increase in sales last year. 图表中的最高点对应去年销售量的增长。
联 corresponding adj. 相应的;correspondence n. 通信;关联;相似;correspondent n. 通讯员;记者
council
n. 理事会;委员会;地方议会
例 The town council meets twice a month. 市议会每个月召开两次会议。
counsel
n./vt. 劝告 〈 同 advice/advise; suggestion/suggest〉
例 The young man refused to listen to his sister’s counsel . 那个年轻人拒绝听从姐姐的劝告。
联 counseling n. (对个人、社会以及心理等问题的) 咨询服务;counselor n. 顾问;法律顾问
crack
n. 裂缝,裂纹;缺点 〈 同 fault〉
例 That drinking glass has a crack in it. 那个玻璃杯上有一道裂纹。
v. (使) 爆裂;裂开 〈 同 split〉
例 Don’t put boiling water into that glass, or it’ll crack . 不要把沸水倒进那个玻璃杯里,否则它会裂开的。
craft
n. 手艺;飞行器 〈 同 art; vessel〉
例 He knew the craft of making furniture. 他了解制作家具的工艺。
vt. 精心制作
例 He crafts fine furniture by hand. 他能手工制作精美的家具。
联 craftspeople n. 手工艺人;hovercraft n. 气垫船;aircraft n. 航空器;飞机;spacecraft n. 太空船
crash
vt. 碰撞;坠毁 〈 同 smash〉
例 The vase crashed when it fell off the bookcase. 那个花瓶从书架上掉了下来,摔碎了。
n. (指商业公司、政府等) 破产,垮台 〈 同 failure〉
例 Bob predicted that a market crash was approaching. 鲍勃预测,股市崩盘在即。
crawl
vi. 爬,爬行 〈 同 creep〉
例 Most babies learn to crawl before they walk. 大多数婴儿在会走路之前都会先学习爬行。
create
vt. 创造;造成 〈 同 invent; cause〉
例 The inventor created a new time-saving device. 那位发明家创造了一种节省时间的新设备。
联 creation n. 创造;创作物;creativity n. 创造力
自我检测 从第三部分中选出最恰当的词填入空格内。
18. The little baby ______ across the floor.
19. Music ______ a relaxing atmosphere.
20. The movers ______ the pitcher (大水罐) when they moved it.
21. Bill always received good ______ from his parents.
22. The early explorers ______ canoes from huge trees.
23. The children learned to ______ and did the project together.
第 四部分
credit
n. ① 信誉,信用 〈 同 reputation〉
例 The merchant could not get a loan from the bank because his credit was bad. 那位商人由于信用状况不良,因此无法获得银行贷款。
② 贷记;银行存款
例 The bank teller recorded a credit to my account after I made a payment. 我付款之后,银行出纳把钱计入我的账户。
vt. 认定;把…归于 〈 同 recognise〉
例 Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States. 卢克丽霞·莫特的影响力巨大,因此有关当局认定她是美国女权运动的发起者。
记 cred (相信,信任) + it (表名词)→信誉
联 creditor n. 债权人;credible adj. 可信的;discredit v. 使怀疑
creep
vi. 慢慢行进;爬行 〈 同 crawl〉
例 The turtle creeps along the coastline. 海龟沿海岸线爬行。
联 creeping n./adj. 爬行 (的) ;卑躬屈膝 (的)
criminal
n. 罪犯,犯罪者 〈 同 lawbreaker〉
例 The criminal was caught by the police. 那个罪犯被警方抓住了。
critical
adj. ① 评论性的;批评的
例 The report was very critical of the railway’s safety standards. 这份报告对铁路的安全标准持强烈批评态度。
② 危急的;非常重要的 〈 同 essential〉
例 The talks between the two leaders have reached a critical stage. 两位领导人之间的谈判进入关键阶段。
联 critical point 临界点;critic n. 评论家
crucial
adj. 至关重要的,关键性的;紧要关头的 〈 同 critical, decisive〉
例 The President’s support is crucial for this project. 总统的支持对于该项目至关重要。
记 cruc (十字形) +ial→十字路口→关键性的
crude
adj. 天然的;粗糙的 〈 同 roughly made〉
例 Crude oil has to be refined before it can be used. 原油必须经过提炼才能使用。
记 crud (粗糙) +e→粗糙的
cruise
vi. 巡游,巡航;慢速行驶
例 He cruised around the block looking for a parking space. 他绕着那个街区慢慢行驶,想找个停车的地方。
crush
vt. 压垮;粉碎;(使) 变形 〈 同 squash〉
例 My suitcase was so full that my clothes were crushed . 我的行李箱太满了,衣服都给弄皱了。
crust
n. 硬外皮;地壳 〈 同 covering〉
例 The crust of the pie was delicious. 馅饼的外皮很美味。
联 crustacean n. 甲壳纲动物
crystal
n. 水晶,晶体 〈 同 quartz〉
例 Crystals can be made into many beautiful objects. 水晶可以制成许多精美的物件。
adj. 清澈的;结晶状的 〈 同 limpid〉
例 Janet likes swimming in the crystal water of the pool. 珍妮特喜欢在清澈的游泳池里游泳。
联 crystalline adj. 水晶的;透明的;crystallise v. 使明确;crystallisation n. 结晶化
自我检测 从第四部分中选出最恰当的词填入空格内。
24. The author was not given proper ______ for writing the book.
25. Over the years, the ivy (常春藤) slowly ______ up the side of the house.
26. We ______ down the coast in our sailboat.
27. Destroying nuclear weapons reduces a ______ threat to human survival.
28. Robbery is a ______ act.
29. The machine ______ corn to produce cornmeal.
综 合复习
Exercise 1 从第二栏中选出第一栏各词的反义词。
Exercise 2 找出与句子中画线单词意义最相近的词。
37. The wheels of the first road vehicles were fashioned from crude stone disks.
(A) hand carved (B) roughly made (C) flat
38. Known as “The First Lady of Song”, Ella Fitzgerald got her start as a professional singer when she won a contest at the Apollo Theatre in Harlem in 1934.
(A) an award (B) an argument (C) a competition
39. A star begins life as a large ball of slowly rotating gas that contracts slowly under its own weight.
(A) deflates (B) weakens (C) shrinks
40. Mary Mapes Dodge exercised considerable influence on children’s literature in the late nineteenth century.
(A) stylistic (B) great (C) personal
41. Iron is converted to steel by removing most of the impurities present in cast iron.
(A) altered (B) developed (C) reduced
42. When her parents started shouting at each other, Anna used to creep under the table and cry.
(A) crawl (B) fly (C) hop
43. The rapid expansion of cities during the Industrial Revolution created a housing crisis.
(A) avoided (B) brought about (C) aggravated
44. The works of novelist Joyce Carol Oates are moving chronicles of contemporary life in the United States.
(A) simultaneous (B) controversial (C) modern
45. The cerebellum is the section of the brain that coordinates the movements of voluntary muscles.
(A) executes (B) integrates (C) differentiates
Exercise 3 从第二栏中选出第一栏各词的同义词。
Exercise 4 从下列单词中选出最恰当的词填入空格内。
council coordinate crash convention consist crawl craft convict correspond counsel
56. As the disease progresses, the patient loses the ability to ______ his or her movements.
57. Mary ______ her daughter about good study habits.
58. To become integrated into a society, you must learn the ______ of that society.
59. The team ______ of four Europeans and two Americans.
60. He has twice been ______ of robbery.
61. The car went out of control and ______ into a bus.
62. After she retired, Sue learned the ______ of making pottery.
63. The two poets ______ for many years without ever meeting.
64. I began to ______ on my hands and knees towards the door.
65. This play is supported by a grant from the Arts ______.
参 考 答 案
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. considerate 7. content 8. constant 9. considerable 10. contact 11. contemporary 12. convenient 13. contrast 14. context 15. convict 16. contests 17. convert 18. crawled 19. creates 20. cracked 21. counsel 22. crafted 23. cooperate 24. credit 25. crept 26. cruised 27. crucial 28. criminal 29. crushes 30. D 31. F 32. B 33. G 34. A 35. C 36. E 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. B 41. A 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. B 46. G 47. B 48. J 49. E 50. H 51. C 52. I 53. F 54. A 55. D 56. coordinate 57. counseled 58. conventions 59. consists 60. convicted 61. crashed 62. craft 63. corresponded 64. crawl 65. Council