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Word List 12

音频

词根/词缀预习表

词根/词缀

含义

例词及释义

crim

罪行

crime n. 犯罪;罪行

cult

种植;培养

cultivate vt. 耕种;培养

crit

判断

critic n. 评论家,批评家

curt

curtail vt. 缩减

cruc

十字形

crucial adj. 决定性的

dec

decade n. 十年;十年期

crud

生的

crude adj. 天然的

ceiv

deceive vt. 欺骗

culmin

culminate vi. 达到顶点

decor

装饰

decorative adj. 装饰性的

crevice [ˈkrevɪs]

n. 缺口,裂缝 (gap)

词根记忆:crev(裂开)+ice(表名词)→裂缝

Crevice corrosion usually occurs at narrow openings or spaces between two metal surfaces. 缝隙腐蚀经常发生于两个金属表面之间狭小的缺口或空间处。

crew [kruː]

n. 全体船员;全体工作人员

发音记忆:“可入”→仅限工作人员进入→全体工作人员

None of the passengers and crew were injured in the accident. 在这次事故中,没有一名乘客和工作人员受伤。

crime [kraɪm]

n. 犯罪;罪行

词根记忆:crim(罪行)+e→犯罪;罪行

The study compares the crime rate in 20 districts established after 2000 with that in recent two years. 这项研究将2000年以后建立的20个地区与近两年建立的地区的犯罪率进行了比较。

crippling [ˈkrɪplɪŋ]

adj. 令人震惊的 (surprising) ;严重损害身体的;极其有害的

来自cripple( vt. 使残废;严重毁坏)

Despite the advances in the medical sciences, there are still many crippling diseases that affect people. 尽管医学取得了进步,但仍有很多严重损害健康的疾病威胁着人类。

criss-cross [ˈkrɪsˌkrɔːs]

v. 构成十字形图案;交叉往来 adj. 纵横交错的

The city is criss-crossed with canals. 这座城市里运河纵横交错。

criteria [kraɪˈtɪriə]

n. [criterion的复数形式] 标准,准则 (standard)

词根记忆:crit(判断)+eria→根据一定标准做判断→标准,准则

The ability of making money is not the only criteria for success in life. 赚钱的能力不是衡量人生成功与否的唯一标准。

criterion [kraɪˈtɪriən]

n. [pl. criteria] 标准,准则 (standard)

词根记忆:crit(判断)+er+ion→做出判断的依据→标准,准则

What criteria are used for assessing a student's ability? 用什么标准来评定一个学生的能力?

critic [ˈkrɪtɪk]

n. 评论家,批评家;吹毛求疵者 (detractor)

词根记忆:crit(判断)+ic(表名词,人)→判断(是非)的人→评论家,批评家

music critic 乐评人

The coal industry has been targeted by critics as a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect. 煤炭业被评论家指责为造成温室效应的罪魁祸首。

critical( adj. 批判性的);criticism( n. 评判;批评);criticize( v. 批评;评论)

criticize [ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz]

v. 批评;吹毛求疵,非难;评论

词根记忆:crit(判断)+ic(…的)+ize(表动词)→作出判断→评论

The decision to build permanent settlements on the beach was criticized by environmental groups. 环保组织批评了在海滩上建立永久居住区的决定。

critique [krɪˈtiːk]

n. 批评,评论 (criticism, comment) vt. 写评论

词根记忆:crit(判断)+ique(表抽象名词)→作出判断→批评

film critique 影评

We'll talk more about the requirements of the critique later in the semester. 我们会在这学期晚些时候进一步讨论评论的要求。

crooked [ˈkrʊkɪd]

adj. 不诚实的;欺诈的;弯曲的

来自crook( vt. 弯曲)

a crooked businessman 一个不诚实的商人

Don't take crooked ways to solve the problem. 不要用歪门邪道来解决这个问题。

crossing [ˈkrɔːsɪŋ]

n. 十字路口,人行横道;交叉点;穿越,横渡

grade crossing 铁路轨道;平面交叉

He was arrested by guards at the border crossing . 他在边境过境处被卫兵逮捕了。

crossroad( n. 十字路口);intersection( n. 十字路口,交叉口)

crow [krəʊ]

n. 乌鸦 vi. 啼叫,打鸣;(因成功而)得意洋洋

联想记忆:一只乌鸦(crow)停在牛(cow)背上

He cannot stop crowing about his victory. 他滔滔不绝地夸耀自己的胜利。

crown [kraʊn]

n. 王冠;花冠 vt. 加冕;使圆满,使完美

联想记忆:crow(乌鸦)+n→给乌鸦戴帽子→王冠

Their efforts were finally crowned with success. 他们的努力终于取得了圆满成功。

crucial [ˈkruːʃl]

adj. 至关重要的,决定性的 (*important, essential)

词根记忆:cruc(十字形)+ial(…的)→十字路口→决定性的

How salt became so crucial to our metabolism is a mystery. 盐如何变得对我们的新陈代谢如此重要仍是个未解之谜。

crude [kruːd]

adj. 天然的,未提炼的 (unrefined) ;粗糙的 (rough) ;粗俗的 (vulgar)

词根记忆:crud(生的)+e→天然的

crude oil 原油;crude joke 粗俗的笑话

Even now many species still lay eggs in this sort of crude nest. 甚至到现在,许多物种仍在这种粗糙的巢穴中产卵。

rude( adj. 粗鲁的)

crumple [ˈkrʌmpl]

v. (使)变皱,起皱 (rumple) ;破裂;垮台

crumple zone 防撞缓冲区

Jane crumpled the letter up, torn it into pieces and in the end threw it on the fire. 简把信揉成一团,撕成碎片,最后扔进了火里。

crumpled( adj. 皱巴巴的)

crusade [kruːˈseɪd]

n. 十字军(远征);运动 (movement) v. 加入十字军,投身正义运动

词根记忆:crus(十字形)+ade(某种行动的个人或集体)→十字军(远征)

They came to perceive the war as a kind of democratic crusade against southern society. 他们开始视战争为对抗南部社会的一种民主运动。

crush [krʌʃ]

vt. 碾碎 (grind) ;使变形;镇压

联想记忆:碰撞(crash)后被碾碎(crush)

The weight of a tornado can crush a building's roof when it passes overhead. 龙卷风经过时能将建筑物的屋顶摧毁。

crash( v./n. 碰撞)

crust [krʌst]

n. 地壳;外壳;硬的表面;(一片)面包片

联想记忆:这个铁制品的外壳(crust)上布满一层锈(rust)

The Earth's crust occupies less than 1% of the Earth's volume. 地壳在地球体积中所占的比例不到1%。

mantle( n. 地幔);core( n. 地核)

crustacean [krʌˈsteɪʃn]

n. 甲壳类动物 adj. 甲壳类的

联想记忆:crust(外壳)+acean(看作ocean,海洋)→海洋中的有壳动物→甲壳类动物

Every year more than one million tons of crustaceans are produced by fishery for human consumption in the country. 在该国,水产业每年都要出产100多万吨甲壳类动物供人们食用。

crustal [ˈkrʌstl]

adj. 外壳的,(尤指)地壳的

In the end of June, 2000, intense crustal activity took place in the area. 2000年7月末,该地区发生了剧烈的地壳活动。

crystal [ˈkrɪstl]

n. 水晶;晶体,结晶体 adj. 透明的,清澈的 (clear) ;结晶状的

联想记忆:cry(哭泣)+stal(看作star,星星)→水晶犹如星星哭泣时掉下的泪→水晶

Glass has an interlocking crystal network. 玻璃有一个连锁的晶体网络。

crystalline( adj. 结晶的;水晶制的);crystallize〔 v. (使)结晶;(使)明确〕;crystallization( n. 结晶)

crystallize [ˈkrɪstəlaɪz]

v. (使)结晶;(使)明确

词根记忆:crystall(=crystal 结晶)+ize(使…)→(使)结晶

The solution begins to crystallize once it cools down at the low temperature. 这种溶液一在低温下冷却就会结晶。

cube [kjuːb]

n. 立方体;立方形的东西(尤指食物);立方

联想记忆:和tube( n. 管,显像管)一起记

Cut the meat into cubes . 把肉切成丁儿。

cubism( n. 立体派;立体主义)

cubism [ˈkjuːbɪzəm]

n. 立体派;立体主义

Cubism was one of the most influential visual art styles of the early twentieth century. 立体主义是20世纪初最有影响力的一种视觉艺术。

cue [kjuː]

n. 暗示,提示 (hint)

联想记忆:线索(clue)有提示(cue)作用

She stood in the wings and waited for her cue to go on. 她站在舞台侧面等待着出场的提示。

cuisine [kwɪˈziːn]

n. 烹饪;烹调法,烹调风格

发音记忆:“口味新”→烹饪出新口味→烹饪

We're going to a restaurant which is famous for its fine French cuisine . 我们要去一家以精致的法式菜肴闻名的餐厅。

culminate [ˈkʌlmɪneɪt]

vi. 达到顶点;(以某种结果)告终

词根记忆:culmin(顶)+ate(使…)→达到顶点

culminate in(以…)告终

The band's summer tour will culminate at a fabulous concert in New York. 这个乐队将在纽约举行精彩绝伦的演唱会,为夏季巡回演出画上句号。

culpable [ˈkʌlpəbl]

adj. 有罪的;该谴责的,难辞其咎的

词根记忆:culp(罪)+able(…的)→有罪的→该谴责的,难辞其咎的

As his elder sister, Mary was culpable about Jay's suffering. 作为杰伊的姐姐,玛丽对杰伊的遭遇是难辞其咎的。

cultivate [ˈkʌltɪveɪt]

vt. 耕种;培养 (bring up, foster)

词根记忆:cult(种植;培养)+iv+ate(表动词)→耕种;培养

Expressive leaders cultivate a personal relationship with staff in the group. 富有表现力的领导能与小组成员建立一种私人关系。

cultivation( n. 耕种;培养)

cumbersome [ˈkʌmbərsəm]

adj. 笨重的 (awkward) ;麻烦的 (troublesome) ;累赘的,冗长的

联想记忆:cumber(阻碍)+some→受到阻碍的→笨重的

The company changed its cumbersome title to something easier to remember. 这家公司把它那复杂且累赘的名称改得好记一些了。

cuneiform [ˈkjuːnɪfɔːrm]

n. 楔形文字 adj. 楔形的;楔形文字的

These inscriptions were written in cuneiform and in two other ancient languages. 这些碑文是用楔形文字和其他两种古老文字写成的。

curative [ˈkjʊrətɪv]

adj. 有助于治疗的,有疗效的 n. 药物

词根记忆:cur(发生)+ative(…的)→发生作用的→有疗效的

The curative power of the antibiotics introduced in the 1950s was amazing at the time. 20世纪50年代引进的抗生素在当时疗效惊人。

curiosity [ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti]

n. 好奇心,求知欲 (desire to know) ;罕见而有趣之物,珍品

词根记忆:curi(跑)+osity(表名词)→都跑过来看→好奇心

You really pick my curiosity . 你确实激起了我的好奇心。

curl [kɜːrl]

v. (使)卷曲,蜷缩 (crouch) n. 卷发;卷曲状;卷曲物

curl up 卷起,撅起;蜷曲,蜷缩

Although these bats sleep during the day, they do so curled up with their heads exposed to the sun. 尽管这些蝙蝠白天睡觉,它们还是会蜷起身体而将头暴露在阳光之下。

hurl( v. 猛投,猛掷;大声斥责)

current [ˈkɜːrənt]

n. (液体、气体的)流 (stream) ;潮流,趋势 (tendency) adj. 现行的,当前的 (ongoing) ;流通的;最近的

current price 时价

Birds use warm air currents to help their flight. 鸟利用暖气流助飞。

currently( adv. 现在,目前;普遍地);concurrent( adj. 同时发生的);currency( n. 货币;通行,流行)

curriculum [kəˈrɪkjələm]

n. [pl. curricula] 全部课程 (course)

French is in the curriculum . 法语已纳入课程内容。

curtail [kɜːrˈteɪl]

vt. 缩短,缩减,削减(经费等)

词根记忆:cur(=curt 短)+tail(切)→切短→缩短

The government decided to curtail its spending on education and agriculture. 政府决定削减教育和农业开支。

curtsy [ˈkɜːrtsi]

n. 屈膝礼 vi. 行屈膝礼

联想记忆:curt(简略的)+sy→一种简略的礼节→屈膝礼

The ballerina curtsied to the audience before leaving the stage. 那名芭蕾舞女演员在离开舞台前向观众行了个屈膝礼。

curve [kɜːrv]

v. 弄弯,成曲线形 (bend) n. 曲线;曲线图;弯曲

联想记忆:在雕刻(carve)时,曲线(curve)很难处理

The ballerina curves her arms above her head. 芭蕾舞女演员把胳膊弯到头顶。

cushion [ˈkʊʃn]

vt. 起缓冲作用 n. 垫子 (pillow)

发音记忆:“苦行”→苦行僧盘腿坐在垫子上→垫子

air-cushion vehicle 气垫运载工具

The carpet cushioned the fall of the vase. 地毯缓冲了花瓶的坠落。

customs [ˈkʌstəmz]

n. 关税,进口税 (duties, tax) ;海关

customs duties 进口税;customs union 关税同盟

The Customs have seized large quantities of smuggled heroin. 海关查获了大量走私的海洛因。

cylinder [ˈsɪlɪndər]

n. 圆筒,圆柱体;气缸

work on all cylinders 竭尽全力,开足马力

cylindrical( adj. 圆柱形的,圆筒状的)

cynical [ˈsɪnɪkl]

adj. 愤世嫉俗的

来自cynic( n. 愤世嫉俗者)

With a cynical view, the young man is easily to go to extremes. 这个年轻人持有愤世嫉俗的观点,很容易走极端。

dairy [ˈderi]

n. 牛奶场;乳品店;奶制品 adj. 乳品的

联想记忆:每天(daily)吃乳品(dairy)来强身健体

dairy products 乳制品;dairy farming 乳品业;dairy cattle 乳牛

While most countries produce their own milk products, the structure of the dairy industry varies in different parts of the world. 大多数国家都自产乳品,但世界上不同地方的乳品业结构各不相同。

daisy [ˈdeɪzi]

n. 雏菊;一流的人物

daisy chain 雏菊花环;as fresh as a daisy 精力充沛的

She looked as fresh as a daisy after her short sleep. 她睡了一会儿以后,看上去精神饱满。

dam [dæm]

n. 坝,堤 vt. 筑坝;控制

发音记忆:“担”→堤坝担负着阻隔洪水的责任→坝

It is considered to be the oldest dam still in use. 它被认为是仍在使用的最古老的堤坝。

damp [dæmp]

adj. 潮湿的 (moist) n. 潮湿;湿气 vt. 弄潮;减弱,抑制

联想记忆:dam(水坝)+p→水坝上总是很潮湿→潮湿的

Farmers often squeeze the damp soil into three basic shapes. 农民们经常把潮湿的土捏成三种基本形状。

dampen( vt. 弄湿,使潮湿;抑制)

database [ˈdeɪtəbeɪs]

n. 数据库

组合词:data(数据)+base(基地)→数据库

You can't use the figures from the database , because it is flawed. 这个数据库有缺陷,你不能用里面的数据。

date [deɪt]

n. 日期;年代;约会 v. 注明日期 (mark the time of) ;确定…的年代;与…约会

to date 迄今为止,直到现在;date back to 追溯到,始于

We haven't set a date for the wedding yet. 我们尚未确定婚期。

dateline [ˈdeɪtlaɪn]

n. 日期栏;国际日期变更线

组合词:date(日期)+line(排,列)→日期栏

dawn [dɔːn]

n. 破晓,黎明;开始,发端 (outset)

Peace marked a new dawn in the country's history. 和平使这个国家的历史翻开了新的一页。

dawning( n. 拂晓,黎明)

daylight [ˈdeɪlaɪt]

n. 日光 (sunlight) ;白昼

组合词:day(白天)+light(光)→白天的光→日光

daylight robbery 漫天要价,敲竹杠

The African grass mouse is active during daylight hours. 非洲草鼠在白天很活跃。

dazzling [ˈdæzlɪŋ]

adj. 令人眼花缭乱的,耀眼的

来自dazzle〔 v. (使)目眩,眼花〕

Louis is playing the trumpet with dazzling originality. 路易斯在以令人眼花缭乱的技艺演奏小号。

deadline [ˈdedlaɪn]

n. 最后期限,截止时间

组合词:dead(死)+line(线)→最后期限

If you can't meet a deadline for an essay, you should go and see your lecturers. 如果你们不能按时提交论文,就应该去找你们的导师(说明情况)。

deal [diːl]

n. 交易,买卖;协议 v. 处理,对付 (handle) ;做买卖

a good deal(of)许多;deal with 处理;deal in 经营,买卖

A: I just got this car and already it's falling apart. First, one of the door handles fell off and now the inside light won't go on when you open the door.

B: Hey, what's the big deal ? Falling apart is when your car needs a new engine, like mine does.

A: 我这辆车刚买就快散架了。先是一个门把手掉了,现在打开车门时里面的灯也不亮了。

B: 这有什么大不了的?车需要换发动机的时候才算散架,比如我的车。

dealer( n. 经销商);dealing( n. 行为;交易)

dearth [dɜːrθ]

n. 缺乏,短缺

联想记忆:物以稀(dearth)为贵(dear)

There is a dearth of good young actors at the moment. 目前,优秀的年轻男演员太少了。

debatable [dɪˈbeɪtəbl]

adj. 有争议的 (disputable, unsettled)

debatable viewpoint 有争议的观点

It's debatable whether or not the policies have changed the messed-up situation. 这些政策是否改变了混乱局面,对此还存有争议。

debate [dɪˈbeɪt]

v. / n. 辩论 (argue) ;讨论,争论 (discuss, dispute)

词根记忆:de(表加强)+bat(打,击)+e→加强打击→辩论

The two parties are debating politics on the radio. 这两个党派正在广播电台就政治议题进行辩论。

debatable( adj. 有争议的)

debris [dəˈbriː]

n. 岩屑;残骸 (ruin, remains) ;碎屑 (fragment)

发音记忆:“堆玻璃”→一堆碎玻璃→碎屑

Emergency teams are still clearing the debris from the plane crash. 各抢救小组仍在清理失事飞机的残骸。

debt [det]

n. 债务 (liability) ;负债情况;罪过

发音记忆:“贷的”→贷款→债务

He died heavily in debt . 他去世时负债累累。

debtor( n. 债务人,借方)

debut [deɪˈbjuː]

n. 首次演出;初次亮相

法语词:开始→首次演出;初次亮相

film debut 电影首映式

He made his debut album in 2000. 他于2000年推出第一张专辑。

decade [ˈdekeɪd]

n. 十年;十年期

词根记忆:dec(十)+ade(表名词)→十年

The last decade is a dream decade for the country's economic growth. 过去的十年是该国经济飞速发展的十年。

decadent [ˈdekədənt]

adj. 堕落的,颓废的 (depraved)

词根记忆:de(向下)+cad(落下)+ent(…的)→向下落的→堕落的

Due to arguments over the nature of morality, whether a society is decadent or not is a matter of debate. 鉴于何谓道德本质仍存有争议,一个社会是否堕落是个有待辩论的问题。

decay [dɪˈkeɪ]

v./n. 腐烂 (*rot) ,腐朽;衰退,衰落 (decline)

联想记忆:骗(decoy)人变坏(decay)

The rest of the organism has decayed . 生物体的其余部分已经腐烂。// The San Antonio project was designed to combat urban decay . 圣安东尼奥项目旨在防止城市衰落。

deceitful [dɪˈsiːtfl]

adj. 欺诈的,惯于欺骗的,不诚实的

词根记忆:deceit(欺骗)+ful(有…的)→惯于欺骗的

Don't make this deceitful excuse again; I won't trust you any more. 不要再编这种骗人的借口了,我不会再相信你了。

deceive [dɪˈsiːv]

vt. 欺骗 (trick)

词根记忆:de(否定)+ceiv(拿)+e→不拿来→欺骗

Mary deceived the interviewer about her past experience. 玛丽就她过去的经历欺骗了面试官。

deceptive( adj. 欺骗性的;误导的);deception( n. 骗局;诡计;欺骗)

decent [ˈdiːsnt]

adj. 体面的 (honorable) ;得体的 (suitable) ;令人满意的 (satisfactory) ;正派的

词根记忆:dec(可接受的)+ent(…的)→体面的

What I'd like to do is to find a decent job. 我想做的就是找一份体面的工作。// It's hard work, but I get to be outdoors and the pay is decent . 这是个辛苦活,但是我可以在户外,而且报酬也不错。

deception [dɪˈsepʃn]

n. 骗局;诡计;欺骗,欺诈

词根记忆:de(分离)+cept(拿,抓)+ion→拿走→欺骗

He was accused of obtaining property by deception . 他被指控骗取钱财。

deceptive [dɪˈseptɪv]

adj. 欺骗性的,导致误解的 (fraudulent)

来自deceive( v. 欺骗)

Its simplicity of appearance is deceptive . 它简单的外表具有欺骗性。

deciduous [dɪˈsɪdʒuəs]

adj. (树木等)落叶的;非永久的,短暂的

词根记忆:de(向下)+cid(落下)+uous(…的)→落叶的

Deciduous trees shed their leaves in autumn. 落叶树在秋天落叶。

decimal [ˈdesɪml]

adj. 十进位的,小数的 n. 小数

词根记忆:decim(十分之一)+al(…的)→十进位的

decimal system 十进制

You should treat decimals as the whole number to solve the mathematical problem. 解这道数学题时,你应该把小数当作整数来处理。

decipher [dɪˈsaɪfər]

vt. 破译 (decode)

词根记忆:de(去掉)+cipher(密码)→解开密码→破译

Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic script was finally deciphered . 古埃及象形文字最终得到了破译。

decisive [dɪˈsaɪsɪv]

adj. 决定性的 (definitive) ;果断的

Excellent communication skill is one of the decisive factors in work. 出色的沟通能力是工作中的决定因素之一。

declare [dɪˈkler]

v. 表明 (announce) ;断言,声称 (assert) ;申报

词根记忆:de(表加强)+clar(清楚)+e→说清楚→表明

“My flight was done with no expectation of reward,” she declared , “just purely for the love of accomplishment.”“我飞行并不是为了得奖,”她宣称,“纯粹是为了有所成就。”

decline [dɪˈklaɪn]

n./v. 下降 (descend) ;衰退 (decay) ;拒绝,谢绝

词根记忆:de(向下)+clin(倾斜)+e→向下倾斜→下降;衰退

Her mother's health was declining rapidly. 她母亲的健康状况迅速恶化。

recline( v. 向后倚靠,斜倚);incline〔 v. (使)倾斜〕

decode [ˌdiːˈkəʊd]

vt. 译(码),解(码),破译

词根记忆:de(去掉)+code(密码)→去掉密码→破译

The Rosetta Stone was found by scholars trying to decode ancient languages. 罗塞塔石碑是由试图破译古代语言的学者们发现的。

decompose [ˌdiːkəmˈpəʊz]

v. (使)分解 (disintegrate) ;(使)腐烂 (decay, rot)

词根记忆:de(分离)+compose(组成)→把组合在一起的东西分开→(使)分解

The Earth's surface is basically rock, and it is this rock that gradually decomposes into clay. 地球表面主要是岩石,正是这些岩石逐渐分解成了黏土。

decomposition( n. 分解;腐烂)

decorate [ˈdekəreɪt]

v. 装饰,布置 (*adorn, ornament)

词根记忆:decor(装饰)+ate(表动词)→装饰

The stoneware is decorated with simple, abstract designs. 粗陶器装饰有简单且抽象的图案。

decoration( n. 装饰,装饰品);decorative( adj. 装饰性的);decorator( n. 装饰者)

decorative [ˈdekəreɪtɪv]

adj. 装饰性的,做装饰用的

词根记忆:decor(装饰)+ative(…的)→装饰性的

That color doesn't match the rest of your decorative scheme. 那个颜色与你装饰设计的其他部分不搭调。

decrease [dɪˈkriːs] & [ˈdiːkriːs]

v. 减少 (diminish, reduce) n. 减少(量)

词根记忆:de(向下)+creas(增长)+e→负增长→减少

He thinks clothing prices will decrease even further. 他认为服装的价格会进一步下跌。

decree [dɪˈkriː]

n. 法令;裁定,判决 v. 判决;颁布

词根记忆:de(表加强)+cree(判断)→判决

The local government issued a new decree to solve the problems of education. 当地政府颁布了一项新法令来解决教育问题。 YkgC76yF8JE+KzuykuT/1r9F4XWG13MY4ZwcPRKCjxremwEy9Mm40SvM59dsItzx

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