Text 3

1.Of all the components of a good night's sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control.

译文： 在构成高质量睡眠的所有因素中，梦似乎是最不受我们控制的。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主系表结构。

2.In dreams,a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.

译文： 在梦中，有一扇窗户通向一个逻辑暂时不起作用并且死人也开始说话的世界。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主谓结构。where引导定语从句，修饰a world，从句为and连接的两个主谓结构。

3.A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s,neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.

译文： 一个世纪前，弗洛伊德提出了他的革命性理论，即梦是在我们潜意识中欲望和恐惧所伪装的影子；到了20世纪70年代末，神经学家转而将梦视为“精神噪声”——睡眠中持续进行的神经修复工作随机产生的副产品。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为两个并列句，分别为主谓宾结构和主谓结构。that dreams were ...and fears为that引导的同位语从句，解释说明his revolutionary theory，从句为主系表结构。句尾that goes on during sleep为that引导的定语从句，修饰the neural-repair work，从句为主谓结构。

4.Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is“off-line.”

译文： 现在，研究人员认为，梦是大脑情绪恒温器的一部分，当大脑处于“脱机”状态时负责调节情绪。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，宾语部分为that引导的宾语从句，从句为主系表结构，其中while引导时间状语从句，从句为主系表结构。

5.And one leading authority says that,these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better.

译文： 一名重要的权威人士表示，梦这种极其强大的精神活动不仅可以被利用，还能在实际中被有意识地控制，以帮助我们睡眠，并感觉更好。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，宾语部分为that引导的宾语从句，从句为but连接的两个主谓结构。

6.“It's your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright,chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center.

译文： 芝加哥医学中心心理部主任罗莎琳德·卡特赖特说：“这是你的梦。”

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主谓宾结构，直接引语作宾语，引语为主系表结构。

7.“If you don't like it,change it.”

译文： “如果你不喜欢它，那就改变它。”

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为祈使句。句首if引导条件状语从句，从句为主谓宾结构。

8.Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.

译文： 脑成像的证据支持了这一观点。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主谓宾结构。

9.The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake,says Dr.Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.

译文： 匹兹堡大学的埃里克·诺夫辛格博士说，在快速眼动睡眠期间，人们的梦境最为生动真实，此时大脑与完全清醒时一样活跃。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，宾语部分为省略了that的宾语从句，从句为主系表结构。when most vivid dreams occur为when引导的定语从句，修饰REM sleep，从句为主谓结构。as it is when fully awake为as引导的比较状语从句，从句为主系表结构，从句省略了表语。when fully awake为when引导的时间状语从句，从句为主系表结构，句子省略了主语和系动词。

10.But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the“emotional brain”) is especially active,while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet.

译文： 但并非大脑的所有部分都一样活跃；大脑边缘系统（“大脑的情绪部分”）异常活跃，而前额皮层（智力和推理的中心）则相对平静。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为三个并列的主系表结构。

11.“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed,and those feelings can stay with us all day”,says Stanford sleep researcher Dr.William Dement.

译文： 斯坦福大学睡眠研究员威廉·德门特博士说：“我们从梦中醒来，此时无论是感觉高兴还是沮丧，这些情绪都可能会伴随我们一整天。”

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主谓宾结构，直接引语作宾语，引语为and连接的两个主谓结构。

12.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic.

译文： 梦和情绪之间的联系在卡特赖特诊所的病人身上显现出来。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主谓结构。

13.Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,progressing toward happier ones before awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.

译文： 大多数人似乎在前半夜做更多不好的梦，在醒来之前逐渐做些比较开心的梦，这表明这些梦正在化解白天产生的负面情绪。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主系表结构。that they are working through ...the day为that引导的宾语从句，作suggesting的宾语，从句为主谓宾结构。

14.Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events—until,it appears,we begin to dream.

译文： 因为我们有意识的大脑被日常生活琐事所占据，所以我们并不总是思考白天发生的事情的情感意义，直到我们开始做梦，这种意义才会出现。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主谓宾结构。句首because引导原因状语从句，从句为主谓结构。句尾until引导时间状语从句，从句为主谓宾结构。

15.And this process need not be left to the unconscious.

译文： 而且，该过程并不一定是无意识的。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主谓结构。

16.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.

译文： 卡特赖特认为，人们可以对反复出现的噩梦施以有意识的控制。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，宾语部分为省略了that的宾语从句，从句为主谓宾结构。

17.As soon as you awaken,identify what is upsetting about the dream.

译文： 一醒来，就马上弄清楚梦中让你心烦的是什么。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为祈使句。句首as soon as引导时间状语从句，从句为主谓结构。what引导宾语从句，作identify的宾语，从句为主系表结构。

18.Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs,try to wake up just enough to control its course.

译文： 想象一下你希望它怎样结束；下次再梦到的时候，及时让自己醒来，以控制它的进程。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为两个并列的祈使句。how you would like it to end instead为how引导的宾语从句，从句为主谓宾+宾补结构。the next time it occurs为时间状语从句，从句为主谓结构。

19.With much practice people can learn to,literally,do it in their sleep.

译文： 通过大量的练习，人们确实可以学会在睡梦中实现这种控制。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主谓宾结构。

20.At the end of the day,there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or“we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says.

译文： 卡特赖特说，一天结束时我们可能根本没有理由去关注自己的梦，除非这些梦让我们无法入睡或“在恐慌中醒来”。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，宾语部分为省略了that的宾语从句，从句为there be句型，其中unless they keep ...in a panic，为unless引导的条件状语从句，从句为or连接的两个并列句，or前为主谓宾宾补结构，or后为主谓结构。

21.Terrorism,economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety.

译文： 恐怖主义、经济的不稳定和普遍的不安全感加剧了人们的焦虑。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主谓宾结构。

22.Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.

译文： 那些经常做噩梦的人应该寻求治疗专家的帮助。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主谓宾结构。

23.For the rest of us,the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.

译文： 对于其他人来说，大脑有化解不良情绪的方式。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主谓宾结构。

24.Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you'll feel better in the morning.

译文： 带着不良情绪睡一觉，或者更确切地说是做个梦，早上你会感觉好多了。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为and连接的两个并列句，and前为祈使句，and后为主系表结构。

题目翻译

31.Researchers have come to believe that dreams_______.

[A] can be modified in their courses

[B] are susceptible to emotional changes

[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears

[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs

研究人员逐渐认为，梦_______。

可以在过程中被修改

易受情绪变化的影响

反映我们内心的欲望和恐惧

是神经修复工作随机产生的结果

32.By referring to the limbic system,the author intends to show_______.

[A] its function in our dreams

[B] the mechanism of REM sleep

[C] the relation of dreams to emotions

[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex

通过提到大脑边缘系统，作者打算展示_______。

它在我们梦中的作用

快速眼动睡眠的机制

梦与情绪的关系

它与前额皮层的差异

33.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to_______.

[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind

[B] develop into happy dreams

[C] persist till the time we fall asleep

[D] show up in dreams early at night

白天产生的负面情绪往往_______。

在我们的潜意识中加剧

发展成为幸福的梦

持续到我们入睡的时候

在前半夜的时候出现在梦中

34.Cartwright seems to suggest that_______.

[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams

[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control

[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression

[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious

卡特赖特似乎认为_______。

及时醒来对消除噩梦至关重要

对噩梦进行想象有助于控制它们

应该让梦顺其自然

做梦可能并不完全属于潜意识

35.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?_______

[A] Lead your life as usual

[B] Seek professional help

[C] Exercise conscious control

[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime

卡特赖特会给那些有时做噩梦的人什么建议？_______

像往常一样生活

寻求专业的帮助

练习有意识的控制

避免白天焦虑

阅读解析

31.Researchers have come to believe that dreams _______.【某人态度题】

32.By referring to the limbic system,the author intends to show_______.【例子题】

33.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to_______.【普通细节题】

34.Cartwright seems to suggest that_______.【某人态度题】

35.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams _______?【普通细节题/某人态度题】

[A] Lead your life as usual

[B] Seek professional help

[C] Exercise conscious control

[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime

由于35题不是主旨题，所以只需要读五项【31—35题的五个题干】。

主旨【主旨词：dream。方向：未知】。

其他信息：无。

Ⅰ①Of all the components of a good night's sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control.②In dreams,a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.③A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; ④by the late 1970s,neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.⑤Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is“off-line.”⑥And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better.⑦“It's your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright,chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center.⑧“If you don't like it,change it.”

31.Researchers have come to believe that dreams_______.研究人员逐渐认为，梦_______。

[A] can be modified in their courses 可以在过程中被修改

[B] are susceptible to emotional changes 易受情绪变化的影响

[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears 反映我们内心的欲望和恐惧

[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs 是神经修复工作随机产生的结果

【某人态度题】

第一步，分析题干

研究人员逐渐认为，梦_______。

第二步，选项求同求异

求同：do sth。

求异：见选项下划线部分。

方法一：选项暗示

对比四个选项，[A] courses（过程）属于虚的词，没有承载错误的点。[B] changes属于虚的词，但是前面加了emotional限定后，emotional changes（情绪变化）属于具体内容，原文没谈到就有可能错，有50%的出错率。[C] desires and fears（欲望和恐惧）属于具体内容，有50%的出错率。[D] outcome属于虚的词，但是neural repairs（神经修复）是具体内容，有50%的出错率。[A]相比其他三个选项出错概率最小，预判答案选[A]。

方法二：精准定位【某人态度题（人+说法+细节，防并列）】

S形定位缩小范围。我们定位到第五句Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is“off-line.”（现在，研究人员认为，梦是大脑情绪恒温器的一部分，当大脑处于“脱机”状态时负责调节情绪。）其中“梦负责调节情绪”回答问题所问。做某人态度题要注意防并列，第六句And one leading authority says that,these intensely powerful mental events...to help us sleep and feel better.（一名重要的权威人士表示，梦这种极其强大的精神活动不仅可以被利用，还能在实际中被有意识地控制，以帮助我们睡眠，并感觉更好。）同样回答问题所问。综合第五、六句的句意可知：梦可以调节情绪，可以被有意识地控制。对比四个选项，[A]可以在过程中被修改，与原文句意沾边；[B]易受情绪变化的影响，与原文句意相反，错误；[C] desires and fears和[D] neural repairs原文均未提到，不沾边。答案具有唯一性，所以选[A]。

Ⅱ①Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.②The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake,says Dr.Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.③But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the“emotional brain”) is especially active,while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet.④“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed,and those feelings can stay with us all day,”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr.William Dement.

32.By referring to the limbic system,the author intends to show_______.通过提到大脑边缘系统，作者打算展示_______。

[A] its function in our dreams它在我们梦中的作用

[B] the mechanism of REM sleep 快速眼动睡眠的机制

[C] the relation of dreams to emotions梦与情绪的关系

[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex 它与前额皮层的差异

【例子题】

第一步，分析题干

通过提到大脑边缘系统，作者打算展示_______。本题考查的是提到例子的目的。

第二步，选项求同求异

求同：sth，且[A][D]中的its指代the limbic system。

求异：见选项下划线部分。

方法一：原文暗示（本句）

字面意思存在的前提也是已知信息。原文the limbic system (the“emotional brain”)，大脑边缘系统是大脑的情绪部分，the limbic system肯定与情绪有关，四个选项中只有[C]提到情绪，所以预判答案选[C]。

方法二：精准定位【例子题—段中例（例子前半句/前一句/本段第一句）】

S形定位到the limbic system，缩小范围。本句属于段中例，例子题是为了说明观点，而段中例的观点通常出现在例子前半句/前一句/本段第一句。由于不确定观点句究竟是哪一句，我们可以把例子前一句和本段第一句都看看。例子前一句：The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.（在快速眼动睡眠期间大脑一样活跃。）本段第一句：Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.（脑成像的证据支持了这一观点。）本句就是观点句，但是this view有前指代，需要往前看。在31题的定位句中已经得知梦可以调节情绪，可以被有意识地控制，也就是脑成像的证据支持了这个观点。出题句不唯一，我们用句意对比四个选项。[A]:its指代the limbic system，也就是大脑边缘系统在我们梦中的作用，原文讲的是梦的作用，主体不一致，选项错误。[B]：原文只是说在快速眼动睡眠期间大脑活跃，没有提到the mechanism（机制），选项错误。[C]：梦管理情绪，说明梦和情绪有关系，选项沾边。[D]:the prefrontal cortex，定位句中未提到，不沾边。所以答案选[C]。

Ⅲ①The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic.②Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,progressing toward happier ones before awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.③Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events—until,it appears,we begin to dream.

33.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to_______.白天产生的负面情绪往往_______。

[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind 在我们的潜意识中加剧

[B] develop into happy dreams 发展成为幸福的梦

[C] persist till the time we fall asleep 持续到我们入睡的时候

[D] show up in dreams early at night 在前半夜的时候出现在梦中

【普通细节题】

第一步，分析题干

白天产生的负面情绪往往_______。generated是过去分词作后置定语，修饰feelings，主干还是问负面情绪往往怎样。

第二步，选项求同求异

求同：do sth。

求异：见选项下划线部分。

方法：精准定位

S形定位，用negtive feelings generated during the day缩小范围。Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,progressing toward happier ones before awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.（大多数人似乎在前半夜做更多不好的梦，在醒来之前逐渐做些比较开心的梦，这表明这些梦正在化解白天产生的负面情绪。）对比四个选项：[A] aggravate（加重），而原文是被化解，且unconscious mind（潜意识）在原文中未提到，选项不沾边。[B]，原文说的是人在前半夜会做不好的梦，醒来之前逐渐做些比较开心的梦，负面情绪刚开始有，但是后面被化解了，并没有说负面情绪变成了幸福的梦，所以[B]句意错误。[C]，原文说的是睡着后刚开始做不好的梦，后面逐渐做好的梦，说明负面情绪被化解，而不是持续到入睡就没有负面情绪，句意错误。[D]负面情绪在前半夜的时候出现在梦中，与原文句意沾边，所以答案选[D]。

Ⅳ①And this process need not be left to the unconscious.②Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.③As soon as you awaken,identify what is upsetting about the dream.④Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs,try to wake up just enough to control its course.⑤With much practice people can learn to,literally,do it in their sleep.

34.Cartwright seems to suggest that_______.卡特赖特似乎认为_______。

[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams 及时醒来对消除噩梦至关重要

[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control 对噩梦进行想象有助于控制它们

[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression 应该让梦顺其自然

[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious 做梦可能并不完全属于潜意识

【某人态度题】

第一步，分析题干

第二步，选项求同求异

求同：S+V+O。

求异：见选项下划线部分。

方法一：选项暗示

[D] not entirely，否定词+绝对词约等于全集，出错概率较小，预判答案为[D]。

方法二：前后题一致性

由于每个题目都来自同一篇文章，同一篇文章在主旨上保持一致。根据31题信息：梦可以调节情绪，梦可以被有意识地控制，可知梦不完全是无意识的，与[D]（做梦可能并不完全属于潜意识）沾边，预判答案选[D]。

方法三：精准定位【某人态度题（人+说法，防并列）】

S形定位，在第四段第二句找到“人+说法”（Cartwright believes），本句Cartwright believes … bad dreams.（卡特赖特认为，人们可以对反复出现的噩梦施以有意识的控制。）本句已回答问题所问，根据句意对比选项，沾边的保留，不沾边的排除。[A] waking up（醒来）、[B] visualizing bad dreams（想象噩梦）和[C] natural progression（自然发展）均未提到，故排除。[D]做梦可能并不完全属于潜意识，与原文句意沾边。根据答案的唯一性，本题最优选项为[D]。

Ⅴ①At the end of the day,there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or“we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says.②Terrorism,economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety.③Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.④For the rest of us,the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.⑤Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you'll feel better in the morning.

35.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?_______卡特赖特会给那些有时做噩梦的人什么建议？_______.

[A] Lead your life as usual 像往常一样生活

[B] Seek professional help 寻求专业的帮助

[C] Exercise conscious control 练习有意识的控制

[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime 避免白天焦虑

【普通细节题/某人态度题】

第一步，分析题干

give sb sth相当于give sth to sb;who引导定语从句修饰those;sometimes是限定词。

第二步，选项求同求异

求同：do sth。

求异：见选项下划线部分。

方法：精准定位【某人态度题（人+说法+细节，防并列）】

S形定位，先在第五段第一句找到“人+说法”（Cartwright says），但本句对有时做噩梦的人没有建议，即没有回答问题所问。继续往后看，在本段第三句找到nightmares（噩梦），Those suffering …a therapist.（那些经常做噩梦的人应该寻求医生的帮助。）虽然本句提到了经常做噩梦，但是与题干所问“有时做噩梦（sometimes have bad dreams）”不符，不是精准定位。只能继续往后看第四句For the rest of us,…bad feelings.（对于其他人来说，大脑有化解不良情绪的方式。）根据二分法思维，经常做噩梦的人和不经常做噩梦的人构成全集，那么the rest of us也就是不经常做噩梦的人。对于经常做噩梦的人，应该寻求医生的帮助；剩下的人（即不经常做噩梦的人）大脑有化解不良情绪的方式。带着这个信息评估选项：[A]像往常一样生活，句意沾边。[B]寻求专业的帮助，与原文表述相反。[C] conscious control和[D] anxiety，原文均未提到，不沾边。根据答案的唯一性，所以本题最优选项为[A]。 fQcAnUJJQI1Kw3HRqHc1Qi2Pqoo9fye2p8ByWSCwB4etHZcB4jaQfQlNfmVYlITI