Text 2

1.Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure?

译文： 还记得那些年吗？科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡；而怀疑者们却坚持认为我们对此并不确定。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主谓宾结构。when引导定语从句，修饰all those years，从句为but连接的两个主谓宾结构。that smoking would kill us为that引导的宾语从句，从句为主谓宾结构。that we didn't know for sure也为that引导的宾语从句，从句为主谓结构。

2.That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?

译文： （他们坚持认为）这缺乏决定性的证据和确定的科学？

讲解： 该句为简单句，为两个并列句，均为主系表结构。句首that为引导词，整个句子为that引导的宾语从句，作上一句中的insisted的宾语。

3.That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?

译文： （他们坚持认为）反对吸烟的游说者们意图破坏我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外吗？

讲解： 该句为简单句，为两个并列句，均为主谓宾结构。句首that为引导词，整个句子还是that引导的宾语从句，作第一句中的insisted的宾语。

4.Lots of Americans bought that nonsense,and over three decades,some 10 million smokers went to early graves.

译文： 许多美国人听信了这种无稽之谈，在过去的30多年里，大约有1 000万烟民早早地进入了坟墓。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为and连接的两个并列句，and前为主谓宾结构，and后为主谓结构。

5.There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.

译文： 如今，在科学家们前赴后继试图努力唤醒我们意识到全球变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁之时，令人不安的类似情形再次出现。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为there be句型。as引导时间状语从句，从句为主谓宾结构。

6.The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.

译文： 最近的一次是由白宫召集了一批来自美国国家科学院的专家组，他们告诉我们，地球的气候确实正在变暖，而这个问题在很大程度上是人为造成的。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为The latest was a panel，为主系表结构。that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming和that the problem is largely man-made均为that引导的宾语从句，作tell的宾语，从句分别为主谓结构和主系表结构。

7.The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.

译文： 其中的信息很明确，我们应该行动起来以保护自己。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主系表结构，表语部分为that引导的表语从句，从句为主谓结构。

8.The president of the National Academy,Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panel's report:“Science never has all the answers.

译文： 美国国家科学院院长布鲁斯·阿尔伯茨在专家组报告的序言中补充了一个重要观点：“科学永远无法回答所有问题。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主谓宾结构。句尾Science never has all the answers为直接引语作同位语，补充说明this key point，引语为主谓宾结构。

9.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”

译文： 但科学确实为我们的未来提供了有用且最佳的指导，而且至关重要的是，我们国家和世界的重要政策应以科学能够提供的最佳判断为依据，而这些判断涉及当前人类行为对未来所产生的影响。”

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为and连接的两个并列句，and前为主谓宾结构，and后为主系表结构，其中it作形式主语，后面that引导的主语从句作真正的主语，从句为主谓宾结构，that science can provide为that引导的定语从句，修饰the best judgments，从句为主谓结构。

10.Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,that it's OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.

译文： 就像吸烟问题一样，现在来自多方面的声音坚持认为，关于全球变暖的科学研究并不完善，在我们有确定结论之前，继续向空气中排放废气是可行的。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主谓宾结构。that the science about ...is incomplete和that it's OK to keep ...for sure均为that引导的宾语从句，作insisting的宾语，均为主系表结构。句尾until引导时间状语从句，从句为主谓结构。

11.This is a dangerous game:by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in,it may be too late.

译文： 这是一场危险的游戏：等我们获得百分之百的证据时，可能为时已晚。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为两个并列的主系表结构。by the time引导时间状语从句，从句为主系表结构。

12.With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.

译文： 随着风险不断加剧且日益明显，谨慎的民族现在应该准备防范政策了。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主谓宾结构。

13.Fortunately,the White House is starting to pay attention.

译文： 幸运的是，白宫开始关注这一问题。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主谓宾结构。

14.But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously.

译文： 但很明显，大多数总统顾问仍然没有认真对待全球变暖问题。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主系表结构，it作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，从句为主谓宾结构。

15.Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research—a classic case of“paralysis by analysis.”

译文： 他们没有制订行动计划，反而继续敦促进行更多的研究——这是典型的“分析导致瘫痪”案例。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主谓宾结构。

16.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.

译文： 为了履行地球管理者的责任，我们必须抓紧推进对大气和海洋更深层的研究。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主谓结构。

17.But research alone is inadequate.

译文： 但是，仅有研究是不够的。

讲解： 该句为简单句，为主系表结构。

18.If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative,Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.

译文： 如果政府不采取立法主动权，那么国会应该帮助制定一些保护措施。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主谓宾结构。句首if引导条件状语从句，从句为主谓宾结构。

19.A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia,which would offer financial incentives for private industry,is a promising start.

译文： 西弗吉尼亚州民主党参议员罗伯特·伯德提出一项议案，提议为私营企业提供财政激励，这是一个充满希望的开端。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主系表结构。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰a bill，从句为主谓宾结构。

20.Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.

译文： 许多人发现这个国家正在准备修建许多新的发电厂，来满足我们对能源的需求。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，宾语部分为that引导的宾语从句，从句为主系表结构。

21.If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere,it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.

译文： 如果我们想要保护大气层，那么关键是这些新发电厂不会对环境造成负面影响。

讲解： 该句为主从复合句，主句为主系表结构，it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语，从句为主系表结构。句首if引导条件状语从句，从句为主谓宾结构。

题目翻译

26.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that_______.

[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death

[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant

[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life

[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense

吸烟的支持者认为_______。

没有科学证据表明吸烟与死亡之间存在相关性

过去几十年中，因吸烟过早死亡的人数微乎其微

人们有选择自己生活方式的自由

反对吸烟的人通常都在胡说八道

27.According to Bruce Alberts,science can serve as_______.

[A] a protector

[B] a judge

[C] a critic

[D] a guide

根据布鲁斯·阿尔伯茨的说法，科学可以作为_______。

保护者

裁决者

评论者

指引者

28.What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”(Para.4)?_______

[A] Endless studies kill action

[B] Careful investigation reveals truth

[C] Prudent planning hinders progress

[D] Extensive research helps decision-making

作者所说的“paralysis by analysis”（第4段）是什么意思？_______

无休止的研究扼杀了行动

仔细的调查揭示真相

谨慎的计划阻碍了进展

广泛的研究有助于决策制定

29.According to the author,what should the Administration do about global warming?_______

[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants

[B] Raise public awareness of conservation

[C] Press for further scientific research

[D] Take some legislative measures

作者认为，政府应该如何应对全球变暖？_______

提供援助，建设更清洁的发电厂

提高公众的保护意识

敦促进一步的科学研究

采取一些立法措施

30.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because_______.

[A] they both suffered from the government's negligence

[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former

[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former

[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse

作者将全球变暖问题与吸烟问题联系起来，是因为_______。

二者都受到了政府的疏忽

后者的经验教训适用于前者

后者的结果加剧了前者

二者都变得越来越糟糕

阅读解析

26.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that_______.【某人态度题】

27.According to Bruce Alberts,science can serve as_______.【某人态度题】

28.What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”(Para.4)?_______【词汇题】

29.According to the author,what should the Administration do about global warming ?_______【作者态度题】

30.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because._______【普通细节题】

[A] they both suffered from the government's negligence

[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former

[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former

[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse

由于30题不是主旨题，所以只需要读五项【26—30题的五个题干】。

主旨【主旨词：smoking和global warming。方向：未知】。

其他信息：29题should the Administration do…中should do表示应该做而未做，字面意思存在的前提也是已知信息，即目前政府本应该做却没有do sth about global warming。

Ⅰ①Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure?②That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?③That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?④Lots of Americans bought that nonsense,and over three decades,some 10 million smokers went to early graves.

26.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that_______.吸烟的支持者认为_______。

[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death 没有科学证据表明吸烟与死亡之间存在相关性

[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant 过去几十年中，因吸烟过早死亡的人数微乎其微

[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life 人们有选择自己生活方式的自由

[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense 反对吸烟的人通常都在胡说八道

【某人态度题】

第一步，分析题干

吸烟的支持者的看法。

第二步，选项求同求异

求同：S+V+O。

求异：见选项下划线部分。

方法一：选项暗示

[A] no scientific evidence，绝对化的词容易出错，除非原文出现。

[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life（人们有选择自己生活方式的自由），大道理的话是放之四海而皆准的，不容易出错，可以作为预判答案。

方法二：精准定位【某人态度题（人+说法，防并列）】

S形定位，第一题优先从第一段开始找supporters of smoking（吸烟的支持者）。本段提到的人有scientists,the doubters,the antismoking lobby,the government,Americans,smokers，但没有直接提到supporters of smoking，而第二段展开的内容是global warming，所以只能在第一段取反看the antismoking lobby（反对吸烟者）的看法，根据二分法，二者所持态度相反。本句That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?（反对吸烟的游说者们意图破坏我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外吗？）根据内容做题法，沾边的只有[C] their own way of life。根据答案的唯一性，所以本题最优选项为[C]。

Ⅱ①There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.②The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.③The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.④The president of the National Academy,Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panel's report:“Science never has all the answers.⑤But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”

27.According to Bruce Alberts,science can serve as_______.根据布鲁斯·阿尔伯茨的说法，科学可以作为_______。

[A] a protector 保护者

[B] a judge 裁判者

[C] a critic 评论者

[D] a guide 指引者

【某人态度题】

第一步，分析题干

布鲁斯·阿尔伯茨这个人对科学的看法。

第二步，选项求同求异

求同：sb。

求异：选项只有一个名词，且区别很明显。

方法：精准定位【某人态度题（人+说法+细节，防并列）】

S形定位，在第二段找到Bruce Alberts+说法+科学……，Bruce Alberts,added…“Science never has all the answers.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and…（科学永远无法回答所有问题。但科学确实为我们的未来提供了有用且最佳的指导。）与[D] a guide一致，这些信息已经回答问题所问，即使后面还有并列句，也可以不看，所以本题最优选项为[D]。

Ⅲ①Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,that it's OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.②This is a dangerous game:by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in,it may be too late.③With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.

Ⅳ①Fortunately,the White House is starting to pay attention.②But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously.③Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research—a classic case of“ paralysis by analysis ”.

28.What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”(Para.4)?_______作者所说的“paralysis by analysis”（第4段）是什么意思？_______

[A] Endless studies kill action 无休止的研究扼杀了行动

[B] Careful investigation reveals truth 仔细的调查揭示真相

[C] Prudent planning hinders progress 谨慎的计划阻碍了进展

[D] Extensive research helps decision-making 广泛的研究有助于决策制定

【词汇题】

第一步，分析题干

主要考查词组“paralysis by analysis”在文中的意思。

第二步，选项求同求异

求同：S+V+O。

求异：见选项下划线部分，且[A] [D] 选项都有研究（studies/research）。

方法：精准定位【词汇题（本句暗示）】

S形定位，在第四段找到本句Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research—a classic case of“paralysis by analysis.”（他们没有制订行动计划，反而继续敦促进行更多的研究。）本句暗示有plan,action,research，只有选项[A]中的studies和action都沾边，都沾边不一定对，但[B] investigation,truth,[C] planning,[D] decision-making都没有提到，错只需要一个点，就可以排除。根据答案的唯一性，本题最优选项为[A]。

Ⅴ①To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.②But research alone is inadequate.③If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative,Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.④A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia,which would offer financial incentives for private industry,is a promising start.⑤Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.⑥If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere,it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.

29.According to the author,what should the Administration do about global warming?_______作者认为，政府应该如何应对全球变暖？_______

[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants 提供援助，建设更清洁的发电厂

[B] Raise public awareness of conservation 提高公众的保护意识

[C] Press for further scientific research 敦促进一步的科学研究

[D] Take some legislative measures 采取一些立法措施

【作者态度题】

第一步，分析题干

作者认为，政府应该如何应对全球变暖？应该做的前提是还没有这么做。

第二步，选项求同求异

求同：do sth。

求异：见选项下划线部分。

方法一：选项暗示

题干问针对全球变暖，政府应该做什么。题干成立的前提是政府应该做而没有做……，[A]提供援助，建设更清洁的发电厂，[B]提高公众的保护意识，[C]敦促进一步的科学研究，都要加一定的条件才能应对全球变暖，只有[D] 采取一些立法措施，可以直接地应对全球变暖，而且措施是一个相对虚的词，所以可以作为预判答案。

方法二：精准定位【作者态度题（细节所在本句，防并列）】

S形定位，优先在第五段找the Administration，缩小范围，If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative,Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.（如果政府不采取立法主动权，那么国会应该帮助制定一些保护措施。）取反，如果政府采取了立法主动权，那么国会就不用帮助制定保护措施。只有[D] legislative measures沾边，根据答案的唯一性，本题最优选项为[D]。

30.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because_______.作者将全球变暖问题与吸烟问题联系起来，是因为_______。

[A] they both suffered from the government's negligence 二者都受到了政府的疏忽

[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former 后者的经验教训适用于前者

[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former 后者的结果加剧了前者

[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse 二者都变得越来越糟糕

【普通细节题】

第一步，分析题干

题干问的是作者把全球变暖问题与吸烟问题联系起来的原因，选项答案和题干一定是因果关系。

第二步，选项求同求异

求同：句子。

求异：见选项下划线部分，只有[A] the government's negligence是具体内容。

方法：精准定位【普通细节题（细节所在本句，防并列）】

本题考查细节，29题已在最后一段出题，且文章剩余部分未涉及题干内容，无法定位。但题干涉及主旨词，可通过主旨做题。在时间对比型文章中，过去常谈论细节，现在谈论主旨。我们由已做过的题可知，第一段主要讲，许多美国人不相信吸烟会使人丧命，结果过去的30多年，大约有1 000万烟民早早地进入了坟墓。第二段第一句承上启下There are upsetting parallels today…本句将global warming和smoking联系在了一起，如今出现了同样令人不安的事情，即以前科学家说吸烟会使人死亡，许多美国人不相信，随之而来的是吸烟使1 000多万烟民丧命；今天科学家们又试图让我们意识到全球变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁。评估选项[A]（政府的疏忽）和[D]（越来越糟糕）没有提到。[C]（吸烟加剧了全球变暖），原文表达的是吸烟使1 000多万烟民丧命，与吸烟可以加剧全球变暖不符。只有[B]（吸烟问题的教训也适用于全球变暖），即全球变暖的问题令我们不安，选项沾边，根据答案的唯一性，所以本题最优选项为[B]。 YsMRD7OO16X+Og7I5z8gN4KKcVmvNYzY4IisibLvDER1w0Ro4GAgYYLJS7CSh2O2