Lesson 4

G roup 15: arch,archy=government;rule“政府；统治”

anarchy [ˈænəki]

n. 无政府状态，政治混乱

解 absence of a system of government and law;disorder and confusion;a state of lawlessness and disorder（usually resulting from a failure of government）

例 The assassination of the leaders led to a period of anarchy. 领导人遭遇暗杀导致这个国家一度陷入无政府状态。

构 an（=not,without）+archy（=government）

anarchist [ˈænəkɪst]

n. 无政府主义者

解 a person who believes that laws and governments are not necessary

例 The anarchist was against any form of government. 无政府主义者抵制任何形式的统治。

hierarchy [ˈhaɪərɑːki]

n. ① 等级制度 ② 层次体系

解 ① categorization of a group of people according to ability or status ② a series in which each element is graded or ranked

例 The church hierarchy includes archbishops,bishops and priests. 教会的等级包括大主教、主教和神父。

近 hieroglyph n. 象形文字，象形符号

monarch [ˈmɒnək]

n. 君主，帝王

解 the ruler of a nation

例 Queen Victoria was Great Britain's monarch from 1837 to 1901. 1837年到1901年之间，维多利亚女王是大不列颠的君主。

G roup 16: arm=arm;weapon“手；武器”

firearm [ˈfaɪərɑːm]

n. 枪

解 a portable gun

例 You are prohibited from carrying firearms on airplanes. 禁止携带枪支登机。

近 fire n. 火 v. 生火；firefly n. 萤火虫

army [ˈɑːmi]

n. 军队（陆军）

解 an organization of military land forces

例 The army battled to keep their flag waving. 军队奋力作战，以使旗帜不倒。

disarm [dɪsˈɑːm]

v. ① 解除（某人的）武装 ② 缓和，消除（敌意、疑虑）

解 ① to take away the weapons from sb. ② to make sb. feel less angry or critical

例 The police disarmed the thief before he could hurt anyone. 警察缴了小偷的械防止他伤害到别人。

同 disarming adj. 使人消气的，使解除警戒心的

构 dis（=away）+arm（=weapon）

armada [ɑːˈmɑːdə]

n. 舰队

解 a large fleet

例 The country sent an armada to block any ships from crossing the strait. 该国派了一支舰队封锁海峡，禁止任何船只进入。

armory [ˈɑːməri]

n. 军械库，兵工厂

解 a place where arms are stored or manufactured

例 The soldiers went to the armory before the battle to choose their favourite weapons. 开战之前，士兵们到军械库挑选自己喜欢的武器。

alarm [əˈlɑːm]

v. 警告 n. 警报

解 v. to give warning

n. an automatic signal（usually a sound）warning of danger

例 The alarm rang and woke her up. 警报响了，把她吵醒了。

同 alarmed adj. 被惊吓的

G roup 17: art=art“技巧，诡计”

artefact [ˈɑːtɪfækt]

n. 人工制品，手工艺品

解 a man-made object,especially sth. of historical or cultural interest

例 The artefacts unearthed around the mountain suggested that technically proficient people had lived there centuries ago. 在这座山周围出土的古代手工艺品表明，数百年前这里曾生活着一群手艺人。

artifice [ˈɑːtɪfɪs]

n. ① 诡计 ② 巧办法，机智

解 ① subtle but base deception;trickery ② cleverness or skill;ingenuity

例 The spy employed the artifice of disguise to avoid being caught by the authorities. 间谍使用了巧妙的伪装，避免被当局抓获。

artificial [ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl]

adj. ① 人工的 ② 假装的

解 ① made by human beings;produced rather than natural ② not genuine or natural

例 When nervous,he had an artificial laugh. 在紧张的时候，他笑起来就很假。

artist [ˈɑːtɪst]

n. 艺术家

解 a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

例 The versatile artist could draw,paint,sculpt and sing. 这位多才多艺的艺术家既会画画，又会雕刻，而且还会唱歌。

同 artistry n. 艺术技巧；艺术性

artless [ˈɑːtləs]

adj. ① 自然的，不谙世故的 ② 粗俗的

解 ① simple and natural;without cunning or deceit ②（of persons）lacking art or knowledge

例 Little children often ask artless questions. 小孩常常会问一些天真的问题。

同 artlessness n. 朴实，天真，自然

G roup 18: auto=self“自己”

autobiography [ˌɔːtəʊbaɪˈɒɡrəfi]

n. 自传，回忆录

解 the story of a person's life written by himself

例 He wrote his autobiography during his retirement. 他在退休期间写了一本自传。

构 auto（=self）+bio（=life）+graph（=to write）+y

autocrat [ˈɔːtəkræt]

n. 独裁者

解 a ruler with unlimited power;a monarch with supreme power

例 He ran his office like an autocrat,giving no one else any authority. 他管理办公室像个独裁者，不给其他人一点儿权力。

同 autocracy n. 独裁统治，独裁政体

构 auto（=self）+crat（=to govern）

automatically [ˌɔːtəˈmætɪkli]

adv. 自动地；机械地

解 acting or operating in a manner essentially independent of external influence or control;mechanically

例 In the hotel,the water sprinklers will automatically turn on if they sense smoke in the room. 在酒店，如果感应到房间里有烟，洒水喷头就会自动开启。

构 auto（=self）+mat（=to move）+ically

autonomy [ɔːˈtɒnəmi]

n. 独立，自治，自主

解 self-government or the right of self-government;self-determination

例 The federal government gives each state a certain extent of autonomy. 联邦政府赋予每个州一定程度的自治权。

构 auto（=self）+nom（=law）+y

automobile [ˈɔːtəməbiːl]

n. 汽车

解 a passenger vehicle,for use on roads and streets,that carries its own engine

例 The automobile and the airplane revolutionized transportation. 汽车和飞机使交通出行发生了革命性的变化。

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