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G roup 40: contra=against“反对;相反”
contradict
vt. 同…矛盾,同…冲突
解 to be contrary to;to disagree with
例 The defendant contradicted his words and was accused of perjury. 被告的陈述与之前的供词相矛盾,被指控作伪证。
同 contradiction n. 矛盾
构 contra(=against)+dict(=to say)
contradictory
adj. 相互矛盾的
解 in disagreement
例 Her contradictory statements raised suspicion of her honesty. 她自相矛盾的陈述让人怀疑她不诚实。
contrast
n. / v. 对比,对照
解 n. a great difference between two or more people or things
v. to compare(two things)so as to show their differences
例 Her dark hair is a sharp contrast to her sister's light hair. 她的深色头发和她姐姐的浅色头发形成了鲜明的对比。
contravene
v. 违犯(法规、习俗等)
解 to go against rules and laws
例 The rebellious student contravened the school's formal uniform policy and attended class in casual clothes. 这名叛逆的学生违反学校要求统一着装的规定,穿着休闲服就来上课了。
近 intervene v. 介入,干涉
构 contra(=against)+vene(=to come)
G roup 41: counter=against“反对;相反”
counter-argument
n. 反驳,抗辩
解 an argument in opposition to another
例 The winning team of the debate contest had the best arguments and counter-arguments. 这场辩论赛的获胜队拥有最好的论据和反论据。
同 argue v. 争论,争辩;argument n. 争论;论据(证、点);argumentative adj. 好争辩的
counterfeit
v. 伪造,仿造 n. 伪造物;伪钞
解 v. to make a copy of sth. with the intent to deceive
n. a copy that is presented as the original
例 This twenty-dollar bill looks genuine,but it is really a counterfeit. 这张20美元的钞票看起来很像真的,但其实是假钞。
近 forfeit v. 丧失,被没收 n. 没收物;surfeit n. 过量
构 counter(=against)+feit(=to make)
countermand
v. 取消订货;撤回(命令)
解 to withdraw or cancel an order or command
例 The general countermanded the air strike when it was discovered that the target had many innocent civilians. 当发现袭击地点有很多无辜的平民时,将军下令取消了这次空袭。
构 counter(=against)+mand(=to order)
encounter
v. 遭遇
解 to meet unexpectedly
例 The king's soldiers encountered heavy resistance from the Cyclops. 国王的军队遭遇了库克罗普斯顽强的抵抗。
构 en(=to make)+counter(=against)
G roup 42: cracy=rule;government“统治;政体”
autocracy
n. 独裁统治,独裁政体
解 a political system governed by a single individual
例 The autocracy of the country allowed one man's opinion and prejudices to rule millions. 这个国家的独裁政体允许一个人的主张与偏见统治百万民众。
aristocracy
n. 贵族阶级
解 a privileged class holding hereditary titles
例 Earls,duchesses,and princes belong to the aristocracy. 伯爵、公爵夫人和王子都属于贵族阶级。
bureaucracy
n. 官僚作风;官僚政治
解 governmental officialism or inflexible routine
例 Many people fear that the constant introduction of federal agencies will create a government of bureaucracy. 许多人担心长期采用联邦政府机制会形成官僚政府。
构 bureau(=desk;office)+cracy(=rule;government)
democracy
n. 民主;民主政体;民主国家
解 a political system governed by the people or their representatives
例 Voting is not a privilege but a natural right for all citizens in a democracy. 在民主国家,投票不是特权,而是所有公民的自然权利。
gerontocracy
n. 老人统治
解 government by old people
例 Many native American tribes were governed under gerontocracies. 许多印第安人部落由老人统治。
technocracy
n. 专家政治
解 a form of government in which scientists and technical experts are in control
例 A group of computer engineers dreamed of creating a technocracy based on the Internet. 一些电脑工程师梦想创建一个基于互联网的专家政治体系。
G roup 43: cre=grow;make“增长;产生”
creative
adj. ① 有创造力的 ② 创造性的
解 ① having the ability or skill to create sth. new ② involving the use of skill and imagination to produce sth. new or a work of art
例 Creative business strategies are necessary for a company to compete in the world markets. 创新性的商业策略对公司参与国际市场竞争至关重要。
同 creativity n. 创造力
creature
n. 生物(尤指动物)
解 any living person or animal
例 She loves all the earth's creatures. 她热爱地球上的所有生物。
accrete
v. 累积(因不停地生长而增大)
解 to cause to adhere or become attached
例 Over time the trees'roots accreted into one. 随着时间流逝,这些树的根长成了一团。
同 accretion n. 自然的增加;增加物
构 ac(=to)+cre(=to grow)+te
concrete
adj. 具体的 n. 混凝土
解 adj. based on facts,not on ideas or guesses
n. a strong hard building material composed of sand,gravel,cement and water
例 The student used specific examples to give a concrete image of his story. 这个学生利用多个详尽的例子,使他的故事有了一个具体的形象。
G roup 44: cred=believe,trust“相信,信任”
discredit
v. ① 败坏…的名声,使丧失名誉 ② 使怀疑
解 ① to damage the reputation of ② to make people doubt sth.
例 Her poor performance in the orchestra discredited her fame as the best singer in the world. 她在管弦乐队的糟糕表现败坏了她作为世界最出色歌手的好名声。
构 dis(=not)+cred(=to believe)+it
credible
adj. 可信的
解 capable of being believed
例 The mother accepted her son's credible excuse as to why he arrived home late. 母亲认为儿子晚回家的理由是可信的,接受了。
同 credibility n. 可靠性,可信性
credence
n. ① 信念,信任 ② 可信性,真实性
解 ① belief in sth. as true ② a quality that an idea or story has that makes you believe it is true
例 The credence of the woman's testimony led to the jury's verdict of not guilty. 这个女人证词的可信度使陪审团认定她无罪。
credentials
n. ① 证明,资格证书 ② 资历
解 ① documents attesting to the truth of certain stated facts ② previous achievements,training,and general background
例 His credentials include an MBA degree and over 10 years of work as a manager in a multinational company. 他的资历包括工商管理学硕士学位,以及超过10年的在跨国公司担任经理的工作经验。
credulous
adj. 轻信的,易受骗的
解 disposed to believe on little evidence
例 The credulous man was tricked by the cunning robber and let him go free. 这个人容易轻信他人,被狡猾的盗贼所欺骗,将他放走了。
同 credulity n. 轻信,易信
G roup 45: crimin=crime;guilty“罪行;犯罪”
criminal
n. 罪犯 adj. 刑事的,犯罪的
解 n. someone who has committed(or been legally convicted of)a crime
adj. relating to a crime or its punishment
例 The criminal had been set up and was truly innocent. 经过审查,这名犯罪嫌疑人确实是无辜的。
同 criminality n. 罪行,犯罪
recriminate
v. 反责,反诉
解 to return an accusation against someone
例 The company defended that it had not infringed on any trademarks and recriminated the newspaper of libel. 这家公司辩称没有侵犯任何商标权,并反责该报社诽谤。
构 re(=again,back)+crimin(=crime)+ate
incriminate
v. 显示…有罪;牵连
解 to make it seem as if sb. has done sth. wrong or illegal
例 The robber's confession incriminated two others who helped to rob the bank. 该名盗贼的供词牵连出了其他两名协助抢劫银行的同伙。
同 incrimination n. 连累
构 in+crimin(=guilty)+ate
综 合练习
参考答案
1. G 2. J 3. D 4. A 5. F 6. B 7. I 8. E 9. H 10. C 11. D 12. G 13. A 14. C 15. E 16. B 17. H 18. F 19. contradictory 20. credulous 21. encountered 22. technocracy 23. concrete 24. contravened 25 creature 26. counterfeit 27. democracy 28. contrast