Lesson 9

G roup 33: centr=centre“中心”

central [ˈsentrəl]

adj. ① 中央的 ② 最重要的

解 ① at the centre;near the centre ② most important

例 The marketing proposal was central to the company's survival in the new markets. 这个营销计划对公司能否在新市场中生存至关重要。

concentrate [ˈkɒnsntreɪt]

v. 使…集中；（使）浓缩；集中精力 n. 浓缩物

解 v. to bring sth. together in one place;to make sth. dense or denser;focus one's attention on sth.

n. substance or solution made by concentrating

例 The student concentrated only on his studies during the examination period. 在考试期间，这名学生把所有精力都集中在学习上。

同 concentrated adj. 集中精力的；concentration n. 集中

centrifuge [ˈsentrɪfjuːdʒ]

n. 离心机；离心过滤机

解 a machine with a part that spins around to separate substances,for example liquids from solids,by forcing the heavier substance to the outer edge

例 The chemist used the centrifuge to extract the desired particles from the liquid. 这位化学家使用离心机从液体中提取想要的固体颗粒。

近 refuge n. 庇护

构 centr（=centre）+i+fuge（=to flee）

eccentric [ɪkˈsentrɪk]

n. 古怪的人 adj. 古怪的，反常的

解 n. a person with an unusual or odd personality

adj. conspicuously or grossly unconventional or unusual

例 The new science fiction park attracted many eccentrics who liked to wear alien costumes. 这个新开的科幻公园吸引了许多喜欢穿奇装异服的怪人。

同 eccentricity n. 古怪，怪癖；反常行为

构 ec（=out）+centr（=centre）+ic

egocentric [ˌiːɡəʊˈsentrɪk]

adj. 自我中心的，利己主义的

解 caring only about yourself and your own needs

例 During medieval times,many men held the egocentric belief that the sun revolved around the earth. 在中世纪，许多人秉持以自我为中心的信念，认为太阳围绕地球转。

同 egotist n. 自我主义者

G roup 34: circ,cycl=circle;around“圆；环绕”

circular [ˈsɜːkjələ（r）]

adj. 圆形的

解 shaped like a ring

例 The Board always met at a circular table where everyone was equal. 董事会总是举行圆桌会议，这样人人都是平等的。

circulate [ˈsɜːkjəleɪt]

v. ① 传阅；传播 ② 循环

解 ① to make sth. spread or passed from one to another ② to flow freely,as of air or liquids

例 The boy circulated newspapers to houses throughout the neighbourhood. 这个男孩在小区内挨家投递报纸。

近 articulate v. 清晰发音；清楚说明；immaculate adj. 特别洁净的，无瑕的；maculate v. 弄脏

同 circulation n. 流通；循环

circuitous [səˈkjuːɪtəs]

adj. 迂回的，绕道的

解 marked by obliqueness or indirection in speech or conduct;deviating from a straight course

例 The taxi driver took the tourists on a circuitous path to the airport. 出租车司机载着乘客绕路来到机场。

同 circuity n. 迂回，绕行

recycle [ˌriːˈsaɪkl]

v. 再利用

解 to use again after processing

例 All the families in this neighbourhood recycle their plastics and aluminium cans. 这个居民区的所有家庭都对塑料和铝制品进行循环利用。

cyclical [ˈsɪklɪkəl]

adj. 循环的，周期的

解 recurring in cycles

例 The cyclical seasons of the year are reversed between the northern and southern hemispheres. 南半球和北半球的四季更替是反着的。

近 cynical adj. 玩世不恭的，愤世嫉俗的；cynic n. 玩世不恭的人，愤世嫉俗者；cynicism n. 愤世嫉俗；cronyism n. 任人唯亲

cyclone [ˈsaɪkləʊn]

n. 旋风，飓风

解 a violent rotating windstorm

例 The cyclone swept through the town uprooting trees and knocking down houses. 飓风横扫小镇，把树连根拔起，并且摧毁了房屋。

cylinder [ˈsɪlɪndə（r）]

n. ① 圆柱体 ② 气缸

解 ① a solid or hollow figure with round ends and long straight sides ② the hollow tube in an engine,shaped like a cylinder,inside which the piston moves

例 Most people drink beverages from containers that are shaped like cylinders. 大多数人所喝的饮料都装在类似圆柱体的容器内。

encyclopedia [ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdiə]

n. 百科全书

解 a reference work containing articles on various topics

例 The students used the encyclopedia to learn about different world topics. 学生使用百科全书来学习关于世界不同主题的知识。

G roup 35: circum=around“环绕，周围”

circumference [səˈkʌmfərəns]

n. 圆周；圆周长

解 the length of the closed curve of a circle

例 The circumference of the earth is about 40,076 km. 地球的赤道周长大约为40076千米。

近 interference n. 干预

构 circum（=around）+fer（=to carry）+ence

circumlocution [ˌsɜːkəmləˈkjuːʃn]

n. 迂回曲折的陈述

解 an indirect way of expressing sth.

例 The professor set a maximum number of 100 words for the essay so the students'circumlocution would not waste his time. 教授要求文章字数不能超过100，这样他就不会因为学生的长篇赘述而浪费时间。

构 circum（=around）+locut（=to say）+ion

circumspect [ˈsɜːkəmspekt]

adj. 慎重的，仔细的

解 cautious;well-considered;prudent

例 Investigating before taking any action,she tried always to be circumspect. 她在采取行动之前总会先进行调查，努力做到万无一失。

同 circumspection n. 谨慎小心

构 circum（=around）+spect（=to look）

circumvent [ˌsɜːkəmˈvent]

vt. ① 设法回避；规避 ② 绕行；绕过

解 ① to find a way of avoiding a difficulty or a rule ② to go around or bypass sth. that is blocking your way

例 The suspect circumvented capture by anticipating the police's movements. 那名嫌疑人通过预测警方的下一步动作避开了抓捕。

构 circum（=around）+vent（=to come）

G roup 36: cis=cut“切”

scissors [ˈsɪzəz]

n. 剪刀

解 a cutting implement having two crossed pivoting blades

例 The technician used scissors to cut the electrical wire. 技工用剪刀剪断了电线。

concise [kənˈsaɪs]

adj. 简洁的

解 expressing much in few words

例 Poetry is the most concise form of literature. 诗歌是一种最为凝练的文学形式。

构 con（=intensive）+cis（=to cut）+e

同 conciseness n. 简明，简洁

precis [ˈpreɪsiː]

n. 摘要，大纲

解 a summary that gives the main points of an argument or theory

例 The publishing magazine gave a precis on a new book that was published this summer. 这本出版行业杂志对今年夏季出版的一本新书作了摘要。

precise [prɪˈsaɪs]

adj. 精确的，准确的

解 exact in performance or amount;strictly correct

例 Legal contracts are usually written with precise language to avoid confusion and loopholes. 法律契约的措辞通常很精准，这样可以避免歧义和漏洞。

同 precision n. 精确；imprecise adj. 不精确的

incise [ɪnˈsaɪz]

vt. （在表面）雕、刻

解 to cut words,designs,etc. into the surface of an object

例 The cardiac surgeon incised the patient's diaphragm in order to reach his heart. 那位心脏外科医生从患者的横膈膜切入以到达心脏。

同 incision n. 切割，切口

incisive [ɪnˈsaɪsɪv]

adj. 一针见血的

解 penetrating,clear,and sharp,as in operation or expression

例 The journalist wrote an incisive article about the political scandal. 这名记者写了一篇关于这一政治丑闻的尖锐的文章。

构 in（=in,into）+cis（=to cut）+ive

excise [ekˈsaɪz]

v. 切除；删去

解 to remove sth. by erasing it or crossing it out

例 The doctor excised some scar tissue after the burn was healed. 烧伤治愈之后，医生切除了一些瘢痕组织。

近 exercise n. / v. 练习；运动，锻炼

构 ex（=out）+cis（=to cut）+e

综 合练习