Lesson 8

G roup 30: cata=down;downwards“向下；相反”

cataclysmic [ˌkætəˈklɪzmɪk]

adj. 灾难性的

解 severely destructive

例 The poor economy has driven companies to a cataclysmic end. 萎靡的经济使许多公司遭受了灭顶之灾。

构 cata（=downwards）+clysm（=to wash）+ic

catastrophe [kəˈtæstrəfi]

n. 灾难，大祸

解 an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

例 The sinking of the Titanic was a historical catastrophe. 泰坦尼克号的沉没是历史上的一个重大灾难。

同 catastrophic adj. 大灾害的

构 cata（=downwards）+stroph（=to turn）+e

catalyse [ˈkætəlaɪz]

v. 催化，促进

解 to modify,especially increase,the rate of a chemical reaction by catalysis

例 Since the experiment was so slow,the chemist added a chemical to catalyse and speed the process. 由于实验反应发生得太慢，这位化学家添加了一种化学物质来催化并加速这一过程。

catalyst [ˈkætəlɪst]

n. ① 催化剂 ② 促使事情发展的因素

解 ① a substance that makes a chemical reaction faster without being changed itself ② a person or thing that causes a change

例 The introduction of an arbitrator served as a catalyst for the two parties to reach a peaceful accord. 仲裁人的介入促使双方达成了一项和平协议。

同 catalytic adj. 起催化作用的

G roup 31: cav=hole;hollow“洞；空的，凹的”

cave [keɪv]

n. 洞穴

解 a hollow space underground,especially one with an opening in the side of a hill or mountain

例 The cave was dark and filled with bats. 山洞里很暗，到处都是蝙蝠。

近 carve v. 雕刻；（把肉等）切成片；curve n. 曲线

cavern [ˈkævən]

n. 大洞穴

解 a large deep cave

例 The cavern led to an underground city. 这个洞穴通往一座地下城。

concave [kɒnˈkeɪv]

adj . 凹的

解 curving inward

例 The inside of his eyeglasses were concave. 他的眼镜内面是凹的。

excavate [ˈekskəveɪt]

v. 挖出，挖掘

解 to remove the inner part or the core of

例 The manager instructed the engineering team to carefully excavate the site. 经理指示工程队在现场小心挖掘。

构 ex（=out of）+cav（=hollow）+ate

G roup 32: ced,cess=go;proceed“行走；前进”

accede [əkˈsiːd]

v. 应允，同意

解 agree or express agreement

例 If I accede to his demand for blackmail,I am afraid that I will be the victim of future demands. 如果我同意了他的勒索，我恐怕以后会遭到更多的勒索。

构 ac（=to）+ced（=to go）+e

accessible [əkˈsesəbl]

adj. ① 可接近的，可达到的 ② 可理解的

解 ① capable of being reached or obtained ② easy to understand

例 The professor was accessible for questions and discussions during his office hours. 在教授办公期间，可以向其提问或与其讨论问题。

构 ac（=to）+cess（=to go）+ible

accessory [ækˈsesəri]

adj. 附属的，次要的 n. 附件；附属物；配饰

解 adj. relating to sth. that is added but is not essential

n. a subordinate or supplementary item

例 The woman loved to go shopping for wardrobe accessories,like shoes,purses and belts. 这位女士喜欢逛街购买服饰，比如鞋子、手提包和腰带。

concede [kənˈsiːd]

v. ① 让步 ② 承认

解 ① to make a concession;to yield ② to admit sth. as true;acknowledge

例 I conceded that I had made a mistake. 我承认我犯了一个错误。

同 concession n. 让步；特许，特许权

构 con（=with）+ced（=to go）+e

excessive [ɪkˈsesɪv]

adj. 过度的，过分的

解 beyond normal limits

例 The policeman was accused of using excessive force when he punched the innocent man. 这名警察受到指控，说他在拳打这位无辜男子时太过用力。

同 excess n. 过多

构 ex（=beyond）+cess（=to go）+ive

antecedent [ˌæntɪˈsiːdnt]

n. 先人；前事 adj. 先前的

解 n. the people in sb's family who lived a long time ago;a preceding occurrence or cause or event

adj. preceding in time or order

例 Scientists cannot agree on whether the egg or the chicken was the antecedent. 科学家们在“先有鸡还是先有蛋”这个问题上无法达成一致。

近 anterior adj. 前部的，前面的

构 ante（=before）+ced（=to go）+ent

recede [rɪˈsiːd]

v. ① 远离，后退 ②（问题、感情等）逐渐减弱，慢慢变小

解 ① to move back and away from ② to become gradually weaker or smaller

例 We watched the harbour recede from view as our ship headed out to sea. 随着轮船驶入大海，码头渐渐从我们的视线中消失。

近 rescind v. 废除，取消

构 re（=back）+ced（=to go）+e

recess [rɪˈses]

n. ① 壁凹（墙上装架子、柜子等凹处）② 休息；休息、停顿期间

解 ① a space set back in the wall for cupboard ② a pause from doing sth.（as work）;the period of such cessation

例 During school recess,the children like to go to the playground and play games. 课间休息时，孩子们喜欢去操场上玩耍。

综 合练习