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2023年英语(二)完形填空真题解析

Here's a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today:you're the CEO of a small business, and though you're making a nice 1 , you need to find a way to take it to the next level.What you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team .A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.

Let's look at a real-world 4 .Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development.This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued.The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product.And 7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.

Things changed, 8 , when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed.By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the of 11 upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue.Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.

Armed with this 12 , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version. 14 , upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.

But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader.It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals.

The growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. 19 attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don't 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.

1. [A] purchase [B] profit [C] connection [D] bet

2. [A] define [B] predict [C] prioritize [D] appreciate

3. [A] exclusively [B] temporarily [C] potentially [D] initially

4. [A] experiment [B] proposal [C] debate [D] example

5. [A] identical [B] marginal [C] provisional [D] traditional

6. [A] rumor [B] secret [C] myth [D] problem

7. [A] despite [B] unlike [C] through [D] besides

8. [A] moreover [B] however [C] therefore [D] again

9. [A] inspected [B] created [C] expanded [D] reformed

10. [A] cultural [B] objective [C] fresh [D] personal

11. [A] end [B] burden [C] lack [D] decrease

12. [A] policy [B] suggestion [C] purpose [D] insight

13. [A] contributing [B] allocating [C] promoting [D] transferring

14. [A] As a result [B] At any rate [C] By the way [D] In a sense

15. [A] unite [B] finance [C] follow [D] choose

16. [A] share [B] identify [C] divide [D] broaden

17. [A] announcement [B] assessment [C] adjustment [D] accomplishment

18. [A] famous [B] responsible [C] available [D] respectable

19. [A] Before [B] Once [C] While [D] Unless

20. [A] serve [B] limit [C] summarize [D] alter

一、文章概述

文章主线

本篇完形填空文章是一篇讨论企业如何通过组建成长团队来实现企业增长的议论文。这篇文章的主题(Focus)在首段中给出,如下:

Here's a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you're the CEO of a small business, and though you're making a nice 1 , you need to find a way to take it to the next level.What you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team .A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow .

首段概括出了全文的主题:今天的企业家面临的普遍局面是establishing a growth team(组建一支成长团队)和finding ways to grow(寻找增长之道),之后的文章信息都是作为分述部分围绕此主题所展开的。

结构分析

本篇完形填空文章采用的是典型的总分对照式的结构。文章首段为全文的总述部分,负责概括出全文的主线。之后的段落为分述部分,围绕着全文主线展开详细描述,具体如下:

二、答案详解

1. [A] purchase(购买) [B] profit(利润) [C] connection(联系)[D] bet(赌注)

解题思路: 本题考查名词辨析。本名词处于宾语的位置,之前有形容词nice的修饰,谓语是are making,主语是指代词you,而you指代的是前句中的the CEO of a small business。明确了主语you是小企业的首席执行官,又明确了本文的主题是关于企业家面临的普遍局面,从与文章主题的相近性原则(或者无关词排除法)的角度,在四个选项中也能直接判断最合理的选项是[B] profit(利润),其他三个选项明显不如选项[B] profit(利润)更紧扣主题,因此本题答案是选项B。

2. [A] define(定义)[B] predict(预测) [C] prioritize(优先处理) [D] appreciate(欣赏)

解题思路: 本题考查动词辨析。本动词的宾语是growth(增长),本动词所在句子的主语是一个主语从句,即What you need to do,而这里的you已经明确了指代的是the CEO of a small business(小企业的首席执行官)。把握文章前句中的信息you need to find a way to take it to the next level(你需要找到一种方法将企业提升到一个新的水平),按照前句的这个意思推进到本句,你需要做的自然是要让企业实现增长。考生据此在四个选项中一一定位,很容易判定本题答案为选项[C] prioritize(优先处理),即小企业的首席执行官组建成长团队的目标肯定是要优先处理企业的增长,因此本题答案是选项C。

3. [A] exclusively(完全地) [B] temporarily(临时地)[C] potentially(潜在地)[D] initially(起初地)

解题思路: 本题考查副词辨析且可以运用同现结构来解题。本副词修饰短语focus on finding ways to grow(专注于寻找增长的方法),本副词所在句子的主语代词it指代的是前句的主语A growth team。因此,本副词就是来修饰“成长团队如何专注于寻找增长的方法”。考生只要把握本文的主题是“今天企业家面临的普遍局面就是如何找到企业的增长之道”,根据同现原则,四个选项中与此主题倾向性最为一致的选项明显是[A] exclusively(完全地),即“成长团队完全地专注于找到增长之路”,其他的选项[B] temporarily(临时地)、[C] potentially(潜在地)和 [D] initially(起初地)都是对这个全文主题倾向性的弱化,均予以排除,因此本题答案是选项A。

4. [A] experiment(实验)[B] proposal(建议)[C] debate(辩论) [D] example(实例)

解题思路: 本题考查名词辨析。本名词处于第二段的首句,本文的首段给出了全文的主题“今天企业家面临的普遍局面就是如何通过组建成长团队来找到企业的增长之道”,本段是分述部分,要围绕着全文主题详细展开,并且本段首句之后的信息出现了具体的公司the software company BitTorrent,这明显是在详细阐述这家公司实现企业增长的具体做法。考生据此在四个选项中一一定位,就很容易判定本题答案为选项[D] example(实例),即本段作为分述让大家看a real-world example(一个真实世界的例子),其他选项[A] experiment(实验)、[B] proposal(建议)、[C] debate(辩论)都是明显的无关词,均予以排除,因此本题答案是选项D。

5. [A] identical(相同的)[B] marginal(边缘的)[C] provisional(临时的) [D] traditional(传统的)

解题思路: 本题考查形容词辨析且可以运用同现原则来解题。本形容词修饰departments of engineering, marketing and product development,即BitTorrent公司的50 employees都在这些部门。之后的句子中出现了一个关键信息their growth plateaued(他们的增长停滞了),这里的代词their指代的就是BitTorrent公司的50 employees。同时,本段之后首句信息是Things changed, 8, when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard,这里的关键线索词changed和innovative明确说明了“情况的改变(公司实现了增长)是因为有了innovative(富有创新精神的)经理的加入”,相反,growth plateaued(增长停滞)肯定来自“不创新”,考生把握了文章的这个基本倾向后,在四个选项中直接判定本题答案为选项[D] traditional(传统的),即BitTorrent公司的50 employees所在的这些部门都是traditional(传统的),traditional(传统的)自然就与innovative(创新的)是相反的,所以their growth plateaued(他们的增长停滞了)。其他选项[A] identical(相同的)、[B] marginal(边缘的)和 [C] provisional(临时的)都是明显的无关词,均予以排除,因此本题答案是选项D。

6. [A] rumor(谣言)[B] secret(秘密)[C] myth(神话) [D] problem(问题)

解题思路: 本题考查名词辨析。本名词是句子的主语,之后衔接一个表语从句that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product(太多的客户使用的是他们产品的基础免费版)。再结合本填空之前的句子信息their growth plateaued(他们的增长停滞了),考生很容易判断出这个表语从句是对前句所说的“增长停滞”问题的解释,“增长停滞”是公司面临的问题和麻烦,四个选项中最合理的明显是选项[D] problem(问题)。选项[A] rumor(谣言)、[B] secret(秘密)和[C] myth(神话)都不符合题意,均予以排除,因此本题答案是选项D。

7. [A] despite(尽管) [B] unlike(不像)[C] through(通过)[D] besides(除了)

解题思路: 本题考查上下文逻辑关系。考生可通过把握本填空所在句子与后句之间的内在逻辑关系来确定答案。本填空所在句子的信息是improvements to the premium, paid version(对高级付费版的改进),而后句的信息是few people were making the upgrade(很少有人进行升级)。前后句之间明显是转折让步的逻辑关系,四个选项中唯一能表达此逻辑关系的是选项[A] despite(尽管),因此本题答案是选项A。

8. [A] moreover(此外) [B] however(但是) [C] therefore(因此)[D] again(再次)

解题思路: 本题考查上下文逻辑关系。考生可通过把握本填空所在的句子(或者本段落)与上文(前一段落)之间的内在逻辑关系来确定答案。本填空所在的句子是本段的首句,直接阐述了Things changed(情况发生了变化),随后又出现了when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard(当一位富有创新精神的项目营销经理加入进来),而前一段落阐述的是“增长停滞”,这就说明本段落所阐述的是与前一段落相反的情况,很明显这里的上下文之间是转折对立的逻辑关系,四个选项中唯一表达此逻辑关系的是选项[B] however(但是),因此本题答案是选项B。

9. [A] inspected(检查) [B] created(创立) [C] expanded(扩展)[D] reformed(改革)

解题思路: 本题考查动词辨析且可以运用复现结构解题。本动词的宾语是a growth team,本文之前出现过a growth team,即全文首段中的establishing a growth team ,如下:

本动词与establishing(组建)构成同义复现结构,选项[B] created(创立)与establishing是同义选项,因此本题答案是选项B。

10. [A] cultural(文化的)[B] objective(客观的) [C] fresh(新的) [D] personal(个人的)

解题思路: 本题考查形容词辨析且可以运用复现结构解题。本形容词修饰perspective(视角),所在句子的信息是“创建了一个成长团队并激发了他们所需要的新perspective(视角)”。本段落从段首句就明确了本段落的主题信息是阐述Things changed(情况发生了变化),即公司改变了增长停滞的局面,尤其是本句之前的信息when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard,如下:

这里的关键词innovative(创新的)与本形容词是明显的复现一致关系,据此考生在四个选项中可以定位选项[C] fresh(新的)与innovative(创新的)是最为一致的复现关系,因此本题答案是选项C。

11. [A] end(结束)[B] burden(负担) [C] lack(缺少) [D] decrease(减少)

解题思路: 本题考查名词辨析且可以运用复现结构解题。本名词处于一个of短语中。upgrades在上一个段落中已经出现过,即few people were making the upgrade,这就与本填空的of upgrades形成了明显的复现呼应。既然上一段已经明确说明了“很少有人进行升级”,那么此处四个选项中最能复现这个意思的是选项[C] lack(缺少),即lack of upgrades(缺乏升级)。其他选项[A] end(结束)和[B] burden(负担)所表达的意思与本题题意无关,而选项[D] decrease(减少)的意思是现在比以前减少了,不准确,因此本题答案是选项C。

12. [A] policy(政策)[B] suggestion(建议)[C] purpose(目的) [D] insight(领悟,洞察力)

解题思路: 本题考查名词辨析且可以运用复现结构解题。本名词处于宾语的位置,与之前的动词短语Armed with构成动宾搭配,同时被代词this修饰,根据指代关系可以判断出这里this指代的是上一个段落中所阐述的fresh perspective,该段落此后的信息更加详细地阐述了fresh perspective的具体内容。据此可以判定本名词就是perspective的复现词,四个选项中与perspective意思最相近的是选项[D] insight(领悟,洞察力),因此本题答案是选项D。

13. [A] contributing(贡献)[B] allocating(分配) [C] promoting(推销,宣传) [D] transferring(转移)

解题思路: 本题考查动词辨析且可以运用复现结构解题。本动词出现在一个由by引导的状语短语中,其宾语是the premium version to users of the free version。由于by doing sth.的意思是“通过……方法”,为的是实现某种目标,那本短语之前的信息to raise awareness(提升认知度)就是本短语by doing sth.的目的。考生依据to raise awareness(提升认知度)就可以判断本题答案是选项[C] promoting(推销,宣传),因为promoting(推销,宣传)与raise awareness(提升认知度)是同义复现。从上下文的衔接性的角度看,要想实现raise awareness(提升认知度)的目标,肯定是by promoting the premium version to users of the free version(通过向使用免费版本的用户加大宣传高级版本的力度),因此本题答案是选项C。

14. [A] As a result(因此,结果) [B] At any rate(无论如何)[C] By the way(顺便说一下)[D] In a sense(在某种意义上)

解题思路: 本题考查上下文逻辑关系。考生可通过把握本填空所在的句子与后句之间的内在逻辑关系来确定答案。本填空之前的句子信息是the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently promoting the premium version to users of the free version(营销和工程团队联合起来,通过向使用免费版本的用户加大宣传力度来提高对高级版本的认知度)。之后的句子信息是upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent(升级量急剧增加,收入增长了92%)。前后句之间是明显的因果逻辑关系,四个选项中唯一表达因果逻辑关系的是选项[A] As a result(因此,结果),因此本题答案是选项A。

15. [A] unite(团结,统一) [B] finance(资助)[C] follow(跟随)[D] choose(选择)

解题思路: 本题考查动词辨析。本动词出现在一个由who引导的定语从句中,其主语是someone,这里的someone指代的是本段首句中提及的it needs to have a strong leader中的a strong leader(一个强有力的领导者)。本动词的宾语是the interdisciplinary team(跨部门团队)。因为本动词的宾语线索已经说明了是the interdisciplinary team(跨部门团队),而本动词的主语线索又说明了是a strong leader(一个强有力的领导者),强有力的领导者肯定是要把这种成员来自不同部门的跨部门团队团结起来,即选项[A] unite(团结,统一)的意思最符合题意,因此本题答案是选项A。

16. [A] share(分享) [B] identify(确定) [C] divide(分开)[D] broaden(拓宽)

解题思路: 本题考查动词辨析并且可以运用关联结构法解题。本动词的主语是This leader,而This leader指代的是段首句中的a strong leader(一个强有力的领导者)。本动词的宾语是the target area(目标领域),同时本动词出现在一个明显的关联结构中,如下:

这里出现了一系列的三组动词,并且这三组动词都是同一个主语This leader做出的动作,从而构成平行对称的关联结构。考生只需要把握后两组已知的动作来判断答案。后两组动作分别是set clear goals(设定明确的目标)和establish a time frame(建立时间框架),而本动词的宾语既然是the target area(目标领域),从这三组动作的关联性可以判断四个选项中最合理的是选项[B] identify(确定),即identify the target area(确定目标领域),然后set clear goals(设定明确的目标)、establish a time frame(建立时间框架),这是非常符合逻辑顺序的关联结构,因此本题答案是选项B。

17. [A] announcement(宣布)[B] assessment(评估)[C] adjustment(调整) [D] accomplishment(完成,实现)

解题思路: 本题考查名词辨析。本名词出现在一个of结构中,与of these goals构成短语,这里的these goals指代的就是本句之前的动词关联结构中提到的set clear goals(设定明确的目标)。考生综合这些线索在四个选项中很容易判定本题的答案是选项[D] accomplishment(完成,实现),因为既然设定了目标,从逻辑顺序上看,下一步肯定是要完成目标,即accomplishment of these goals(实现这些目标)最为合理,因此本题答案是选项D。

18. [A] famous(著名的) [B] responsible(负责的) [C] available(可获得的)[D] respectable(可敬的)

解题思路: 本题考查形容词辨析。本形容词与for构成搭配,其主语是The growth leader,之后衔接的是keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions(让团队专注于前进并引导他们远离干扰),考生综合这些线索在四个选项中很容易判定本题的答案是选项[B] responsible(负责的),be responsible for是英文中的固定短语,意思是“对……负责”,因为本填空之后的信息“让团队专注于向前进并引导他们远离干扰”很明显就是主语The growth leader的责任所在,因此本题答案是选项B。

19. [A] Before(在……之前)[B] Once(一旦) [C] While(虽然) [D] Unless(除非)

解题思路: 本题考查上下文逻辑关系。考生可通过把握本填空所在的句子与后句之间的内在逻辑关系来确定答案。本填空所在的句子信息是attractive new ideas can be distracting(吸引人的新想法可能会分散注意力),这个句子信息在倾向上很显然是负面的。之后句子的信息是the team leader must recognize when these ideas don't 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner(团队领导者必须认识到,当这些想法不……当前目标时,就需要予以搁置),前后句之间是明显的对立关系,四个选项中只有选项[C] While(虽然)表达对立关系,因此本题答案是选项C。

20. [A] serve(服务;对……有用) [B] limit(限制)[C] summarize(总结)[D] alter(改变)

解题思路: 本题考查动词辨析。本动词的主语是these ideas,这里的these ideas指代的是前句中的attractive new ideas can be distracting中的new ideas。从倾向上看these ideas显然是负面的,所以本动词之前出现了否定的don't,同时本动词的宾语是the current goal(当前目标)。考生综合这些线索从题意上可以判断these ideas与the current goal(当前目标)肯定是不一致的。据此四个选项中最合理的是选项[A] serve(服务;对……有用),即these ideas don't serve the current goal(这些想法并不服务于当前目标),只有这个意思最符合题意,因此本题答案是选项A。

三、参考译文

今天,许多企业家都面临这样一个普遍的局面:你是一家小企业的首席执行官,虽然你赚取了不少利润,但你需要找到一种方法将企业提升到一个新的水平。你需要做的是通过组建一个成长团队来优先实现增长。成长团队由公司内不同部门的成员组成,它利用协作的力量专注于寻找增长之道。

让我们看一个真实世界的例子。在组建成长团队之前,软件公司BitTorrent有50名员工在传统的工程、营销和产品开发部门工作。这给他们带来了良好的结果,直到2012年他们的增长趋于停滞,问题是太多的客户使用的是他们产品的基础免费版。尽管高级付费版是有改进的,但很少有人进行升级。

然而,当一位富有创新精神的项目营销经理加入进来,创建了一个成长团队并激发了他们所需要的新视角时,情况发生了变化。从市场营销的角度来看工程问题,很明显缺乏升级并不是因为质量问题。大多数客户根本不知道高级版本及其提供的功能。

凭借这种洞察力,营销和工程团队联合起来,通过向使用免费版本的用户加大宣传力度来提高对高级版本的认知度。结果,升级量急剧增加,收入增长了92%。

但为了让你的成长团队成功,它需要一个强有力的领导者。它需要一个能够团结跨部门团队并让他们不断进步的人。该领导将确定目标领域,设定明确的目标,并为实现这些目标建立时间框架。

成长型领导者还负责让团队专注于前进并引导他们远离干扰。虽然吸引人的新想法可能会分散注意力,但团队领导者必须认识到,当这些想法不符合当前目标时,就需要予以搁置。 TfAf2AZUm+YSpz3VTioZe+YfBMsmtd93F7ena+wenXgEcYLSoS7FsEn/r/XpQGHm

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